2. Objectives
After learning this chapter, you will be able
to :
Explain the differences between organisms
and non-living things
Explain the characteristics of organisms
Explain branches of biology and the role of
biology in life
3. What is Biology ?
Biology comes from Yunani language that is Bios
means life, and Logos means knowledge.
Biology means a branches of science which study of
organisms and various life process.
4. Differences Between Organisms
and Non-Living Things
• We can diffentiate organisms from non-living things by
notice and observe its characteristics.
• The characteristics of organisms are as follows :
1. Respiration
2. Irritability
3. Move
4. Need food (nutrition)
5. Grow and develop
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
5. Branches of Biology
No. Branches Field of study
1. Acarology Mites and ticks.
2. Anatomy Inner structure of organisms.
3. Bacteriology Bacteria.
4. Biotechnology Combination of biology and technology, that is the use
biological processes to suply human need for goods and
services.
5. Botany Plants and all their uniqueness.
6. Ecology Interrelation between organisms and their environment.
7. Embryology Growth of organisms (embryo), from zygoteto grown up.
8. Endocrinology System of bodily hormones.
9. Entomology All aspects of insects’ life.
10. Evolution The change of organisms happening slowly and in a long
time until a new species is formed.
11. Physiology Internal workings of organisms.
12. Genetics Process of inheriting qualities in organisms (heredity).
13. Histology Structure of tissues of organisms.
6. Branches of Biology
No. Branches Field of study
14. Helminthology Parasitic worms.
15. Herpetology Amphibians and reptiles.
16. Ichthyology Fish.
17. Mycology Fungi.
18. Microbiology Microscopic (very small) organisms.
19. Morphology Shape and external structure of organisms.
20. Malacology Mollusks.
21. Ornithology Birds.
22. Parasitology Parasites.
23. Paleontology Fossiles or ancient life of animals and plants.
24. Cytology Cell structure and functions.
25. Taxonomy Naming, description and grouping of organisms based on
similarities and differences.
26. Teratology Possible physical handicap of fetuses.
27. Virology Viruses.
28. Zoology Animals.
7. The Role of Biology in Life
Benefits of Biology
a. Agriculture
: Implementing knowledge of botany, physiology
anatomy, and genetics. (exp. Rice which is immune
to ‘wereng’)
b. Animal Husbandry
: implementing knowledge of zoology, physiology
anatomy, embryology, taxonomy, and genetics.
(exp. insemination and crossbreeding)
c. Medicine
: Implementing anatomy, physiology, microbiology,
and pathology. (exp. To perform various
operations, repair or replace broken organs, etc)
d. Industry
: Implementing of botany, taxonomy, zoology, and
microbiology. (production of alcohol, soybean
sauce, tape, and tahu).
8. The Role of Biology in Life
Danger of Biology
a. Biologican Weapons
: are deadly microorganisms which are multiplied on
purpose in a laboratory for specific pupose.
(viruses, bacteria and fungi)
b. Cloning
: to obtain prime plants or animals.
c. Transgenic
: consuming transgenic food may increase the risk
of intoxication, cancer, and allergy to certain
food.
d. Human Genom Project
: Will change molecular biology and medicine.
e. Genetic Pollution
: is the release of an organisms that has mutated
(mutant) into the environment.
9. Title
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