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EclipseCon 2010 - JDT Fundamentals
1.
JDT fundamentals –
Become a JDT tool smith Deepak Azad IBM Bangalore lab, India deepak.azad@in.ibm.com Olivier Thomann IBM Ottawa lab, Canada olivier_thomann@ca.ibm.com Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. Confidential | Date | Other Information, if necessary Tutorial © 2002 IBM Corporation
2.
Outline
A guided tour through services offered by JDT Core and JDT UI Java Model TM Search Engine and Type Hierarchy Abstract Syntax Tree (DOM/AST) Batch compiler Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 2
3.
Target Audience
Plug-in implementers that want to use the Java infrastructure Code metrics plug-ins Code audit plug-ins Refactorings / quick fixes Research, commercial or JDT open-source contributors Implementers of plug-ins for a new language Study JDT as an example on how to structure the core infrastructure Solve problems regarding memory usage and runtime performance General knowledge about the Eclipse plug-in architecture and in-depth knowledge of Java is expected. Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 3
4.
Overview – The
3 Pillars Java Model – Lightweight model for views OK to keep references to it Contains unresolved information From projects to declarations (types, methods,...) Search Engine Indexes of declarations, references and type hierarchy relationships AST – Fine-grained, fully resolved compiler parse tree No references to it must be kept: Clients have to make sure only a limited number of ASTs is loaded at the same time Fully resolved information From a Java file (‘Compilation Unit’) to identifier tokens Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 4
5.
The 3 Pillars
– First Pillar: Java Model Java Model – Lightweight model for views Java model and its elements Classpath elements Java project settings Creating a Java element Change notification Type hierarchy Code resolve Search Engine AST – Precise, fully resolved compiler parse tree Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 5
6.
The Java Model
- Design Motivation Requirements for an element to show in views: Lightweight: Quickly created, small memory footprint Must scale and work for big workspaces (10’000 types and more). Cannot hold on resources, Eclipse is not just a Java IDE Fault tolerant: Provide structure for files while editing Some source does not (yet) compile, missing brackets, semicolons. Tooling should be as helpful as possible Views like the Outline want to show the structure while typing. Structure should stay as stable as possible Chosen solution: Lazily populated model Quick creation: Single parse, no resolving, no dependency on build state Underlying buffer can be released and recreated any time Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 6
7.
IJavaElements form a
hierarchy that represents the entire workspace from Java angle Java Elements API Different from resource hierarchy Important to note: Not all Java elements must have an underlying resource (elements inside a JAR, external JAR files) A Java package doesn’t have the same children as a folder IJavaProject (no concept of subfolder) JavaCore.create(resource) IPackageFragmentRoot IPackageFragment IType ICompilationUnit / IMethod IClassFile IField element.getParent() IProject IInitialzier IFolder element.getChildren() IFile javaElement.getResource() Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 7
8.
Java Element Handles
Handle/Info design IJavaElement objects are lightweight: OK to keep references Underlying buffer (‘element info’) created on demand Element doesn’t need to exist or be on the build path (anymore). Use IJavaElement#exists() to test Handle representation stable between workspace sessions String handleId= javaElement.getHandleIdentifier(); IJavaElement elem= JavaCore.create(handleId); Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 8
9.
Using the Java
Model Setting up a Java project A Java project is a project with the Java nature set Java nature enables the Java builder Java builder needs a Java class path IWorkspaceRoot root= ResourcesPlugin.getWorkspace().getRoot(); IProject project= root.getProject(projectName); project.create(null); Create a project project.open(null); IProjectDescription description = project.getDescription(); Set the description.setNatureIds(new String[] { JavaCore.NATURE_ID }); Java project.setDescription(description, null); nature IJavaProject javaProject= JavaCore.create(project); javaProject.setRawClasspath(classPath, defaultOutputLocation, null); Set the Java build path Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 9
10.
Java Classpath
The Java element hierarchy is defined by the Java classpath: Classpath entries define the roots of package fragments. Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 10
11.
Classpath – Source
and Library Entries Source entry: Java source files to be built by the compiler Folder inside the project or the project itself Possibility to define inclusion and exclusion filters Compiled files go to either a specific or the projects default output location IPath srcPath= javaProject.getPath().append("src"); IPath[] excluded= new IPath[] { new Path("doc") }; IClasspathEntry srcEntry= JavaCore.newSourceEntry(srcPath, excluded); Library entry: Class folder or archive Class files in folder or JAR archive, in workspace or external Source attachment specifies location of library’s source Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 11
12.
Java Classpath: Container
Entries Container entry: Multiple entries through an indirection Path denotes name and arguments for a ‘classpath container’ entry= JavaCore.newContainerEntry(new Path("containerId/ containerArguments")); Classpath containers are contributed by extension point Classpath containers can compute classpath entries when first used Built-in containers: JRE, User library, JUnit, PDE dependencies jreCPEntry= JavaCore.newContainerEntry(new Path(JavaRuntime.JRE_CONTAINER)); Extension point ‘org.eclipse.jdt.core.classpathContainerInitializer’ Initializes and manages containers (using JavaCore.setClasspathContainer(..)) Extension point ‘org.eclipse.jdt.ui.classpathContainerPage’ Contributes a classpath container configuration page Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 12
13.
Creating Java Elements
IJavaProject javaProject= JavaCore.create(project); Set the build path IClasspathEntry[] buildPath= { JavaCore.newSourceEntry(project.getFullPath().append("src")), JavaRuntime.getDefaultJREContainerEntry() }; javaProject.setRawClasspath(buildPath, project.getFullPath().append("bin"), null); IFolder folder= project.getFolder("src"); Create the source folder folder.create(true, true, null); IPackageFragmentRoot srcFolder= javaProject.getPackageFragmentRoot(folder); Assert.assertTrue(srcFolder.exists()); // resource exists and is on build path Create the package fragment IPackageFragment fragment= srcFolder.createPackageFragment("x.y", true, null); String str= Create the compilation "package x.y;" + "n" + unit, including a type "public class E {" + "n" + " String first;" + "n" + "}"; ICompilationUnit cu= fragment.createCompilationUnit("E.java", str, false, null); IType type= cu.getType("E"); Create a field type.createField("String name;", null, true, null); Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 13
14.
Java Project Settings
Configure compiler settings on the project Compiler compliance, class file compatibility, source compatibility (JavaCore.COMPILER_COMPLIANCE, JavaCore.COMPILER_CODEGEN_TARGET_PLATFORM, JavaCore.COMPILER_SOURCE ) Compiler problems severities (Ignore/Warning/Error) javaProject.setOption(JavaCore.COMPILER_COMPLIANCE, JavaCore.VERSION_1_5); If not set on the project, taken from the workspace settings Project settings persisted in project/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs Used to share the settings in the team More project specific settings: Formatter, code templates,… See Platform preferences story Platform.getPreferencesService() Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 14
15.
Working Copies
A compilation unit in a buffered state is a working copy Primary working copy: shared buffer shown by all editors based on the Eclipse Platform’s buffer manager (plug-in org.eclipse.core.filebuffers) becomeWorkingCopy(...): Increment count, internally create buffer, if first commitWorkingCopy(): Apply buffer to underlying resource discardWorkingCopy(): Decrement count, discard buffer, if last Element stays the same, only state change Private working copy: Build a virtual Java model layered on top of the current content ICompilationUnit.getWorkingCopy(workingCopyOwner) returns a new element with a new buffer (managed by the workingCopyOwner) based on the underlying element commitWorkingCopy(): Apply changes to the underlying element Refactoring uses this to first try all changes in a sandbox to only apply them if compilable Working copy owner: Connects working copies so that they reference each other Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 15
16.
Java Element Change
Notifications Change Listeners: JavaCore.addElementChangedListener (IElementChangedListener) Java element delta information for all changes: Class path changes, added/removed elements, changed source, change to buffered state (working copy) Changes triggered by resource change notifications (resource deltas), call to ‘reconcile()’ Java element deltas do not contain the old state (not a diff) The granularity ends at the member level (no AST) IJavaElementDelta: Description of changes of an element or its children Delta kind Descriptions and additional flags ADDED Element has been added REMOVED Element has been removed CHANGED F_CONTENT Content has changed. If F_FINE_GRAINED is set: Analysis of structural changed has been performed F_MODIFIERS Changed modifiers F_CHILDREN Deltas in children IJavaElementDelta[] getAffectedChildren() F_ADDED_TO_CLASSPATH, F_SOURCEATTACHED, F_REORDER, F_PRIMARY_WORKING_COPY,… Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 16
17.
JavaElementListener – an
Example Find out if types were added or removed fJavaListener= new IElementChangedListener() { public void elementChanged(ElementChangedEvent event) { Parent constructs: boolean res= hasTypeAddedOrRemoved(event.getDelta()); Recursively go } down the delta private boolean hasTypeAddedOrRemoved(IJavaElementDelta delta) { tree IJavaElement elem= delta.getElement(); boolean isAddedOrRemoved= (delta.getKind() != IJavaElementDelta.CHANGED); switch (elem.getElementType()) { case IJavaElement.JAVA_MODEL: case IJavaElement.JAVA_PROJECT: case IJavaElement.PACKAGE_FRAGMENT_ROOT: case IJavaElement.PACKAGE_FRAGMENT: if (isAddedOrRemoved) return true; return processChildrenDelta(delta.getAffectedChildren()); case IJavaElement.COMPILATION_UNIT: ICompilationUnit cu= (ICompilationUnit) elem; Be aware of if (!cu.getPrimary().equals(cu)) private return false; if (isAddedOrRemoved || isPossibleStructuralChange(delta.getFlags())) working return true; copies return processChildrenDelta(delta.getAffectedChildren()); case IJavaElement.TYPE: if (isAddedOrRemoved) return true; return processChildrenDelta(delta.getAffectedChildren()); // inner types default: // fields, methods, imports... return false; } } } Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 17
18.
JavaElementListener – cont’d
private static boolean isPossibleStructuralChange(int flags) { return hasSet(flags, IJavaElementDelta.F_CONTENT) && !hasSet(flags , IJavaElementDelta.F_FINE_GRAINED)); } private boolean processChildrenDelta(IJavaElementDelta[] children) { for (int i= 0; i < children.length; i++) { if (hasTypeAddedOrRemoved(children[i])) return true; ‘Fine Grained’ set means that } return false; children deltas have been } computed. If not, it is a unknown change (potentially Visit delta children recursively full change) Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 18
19.
Type Hierarchy -
Design Motivation Subtype hierarchies are expensive to create and maintain. Why not having an API IType.getSubtypes()? Bad performance for repeated queries in the same hierarchy Why not keep a constantly updated hierarchy in memory? Does not scale for big workspaces. JDT is not alone in the workbench and should avoid holding on to lots of memory. Expensive updating. Every class path change would require types to recheck if they still resolve to the same type Chosen solution: Explicit hierarchy object Defined life cycle Well known creation costs (sub type relationship is stored in index files) Allows scoped hierarchies Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 19
20.
Type Hierarchy
Snapshot of ITypes in a sub/super type relationship Used in Type Hierarchy view Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 20
21.
Type Hierarchy
Create – on a type or on a region (= set of Java Elements) typeHierarchy= type.newTypeHierarchy(progressMonitor); typeHierarchy= project.newTypeHierarchy(region, progressMonitor); Supertype hierarchy – faster! typeHierarchy= type.newSupertypeHierarchy(progressMonitor); Get super and subtypes, interfaces and classes typeHierarchy.getSubtypes(type) Change listener – when changed, refresh is required typeHierarchy.addTypeHierarchyChangedListener(..); typeHierarchy.refresh(progressMonitor); Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 21
22.
Code Resolve
Resolve the element at the given offset and length in the source javaElements= compilationUnit.codeSelect(50, 10); Used for Navigate > Open (F3) and tool tips Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 22
23.
Code Resolve –
an Example Set up a compilation Resolving the reference to “String” in a compilation unit unit String content = "public class X {" + "n" + " String field;" + "n" + "}"; ICompilationUnit cu= fragment.createCompilationUnit(“X.java", content, false, null); int start = content.indexOf("String"); int length = "String".length(); IJavaElement[] declarations = cu.codeSelect(start, length); Contains a single IType: ‘java.lang.String’ Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 23
24.
More Java Model
Features Navigation – resolve a name IType type= javaProject.findType("java.util.Vector"); Context – resolve an enclosing element element= compilationUnit.getElementAt(position); Code assist – evaluate completions for a given offset compilationUnit.codeComplete(offset, resultRequestor); Code formatting ToolFactory.createCodeFormatter(options) .format(kind, string, offset, length, indentationLevel, lineSeparator); Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 24
25.
API in JDT
UI Labels, images, structure, order for IJavaElements: JavaElementLabelProvider StandardJavaElementContentProvider JavaElementComparator Selection and configuration dialogs, wizards JavaUI.createPackageDialog(..), JavaUI.createTypeDialog(..) BuildPathDialogAccess NewClassWizardPage, NewInterfaceWizardPage… JavadocExportWizardPage, NewJavaProjectWizardPageOne / Two Java Actions to add to context menus package org.eclipse.jdt.ui.actions New in 3.6: org.eclipse.jdt.ui.actions.OpenAttachedJavadocAction Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 25
26.
Second Pillar: Search
Engine Java Model – Lightweight model for views Search Engine Design motivation Using the search engine Code example AST – Precise, fully resolved compiler parse tree Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 26
27.
Search Engine –
Design Motivation Need quick access to all references or declarations of a Java element Searching for all references to type “A” Used to build call graphs All types in workspace Trade-off between search and update performance Chosen solution: Index based search engine Index is “word” based. It doesn’t contain resolved information (e.g. class U references method foo(), not method A#foo()). Special resolve step needed to narrow down matches reported from index (e.g. searching for B#foo() must not report U). Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 27
28.
Search Engine
Search for declarations and references packages, types, fields, methods and constructors using wildcards (including camel-case) or from a Java element Scoped search region = set of Java elements predefined workspace and hierarchy scopes Potential matches Code with errors, incomplete class paths Limit the match locations in casts, in catch clauses, only return types… Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 28
29.
Search Engine –
Using the APIs Creating a search pattern SearchPattern.createPattern("foo*", IJavaSearchConstants.FIELD, IJavaSearchConstants.REFERENCES, SearchPattern.R_PATTERN_MATCH | SearchPattern.R_CASE_SENSITIVE); Creating a search scope SearchEngine.createWorkspaceScope(); SearchEngine.createJavaSearchScope(new IJavaElement[] { project }); SearchEngine.createHierarchyScope(type); SearchEngine.createStrictHierarchyScope( project, type, onlySubtypes, includeFocusType, progressMonitor); Collecting results Subclass SearchRequestor Each result reported as a SearchMatch Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 29
30.
Search Engine –
an Example Searching for all declarations of methods “foo” that return an int Search pattern SearchPattern pattern = SearchPattern.createPattern( "foo(*) int", IJavaSearchConstants.METHOD, IJavaSearchConstants.DECLARATIONS, SearchPattern.R_PATTERN_MATCH); Search scope IJavaSearchScope scope = SearchEngine.createWorkspaceScope(); SearchRequestor requestor = new SearchRequestor() { public void acceptSearchMatch(SearchMatch match) { System.out.println(match.getElement()); Result } collector }; SearchEngine searchEngine = new SearchEngine(); Start search searchEngine.search( pattern, new SearchParticipant[] { SearchEngine.getDefaultSearchParticipant()}, scope, requestor, null /*progress monitor*/); Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 30
31.
The 3 Pillars
– Third Pillar: AST Java Model – Lightweight model for views Search Engine AST – Precise, fully resolved compiler parse tree Overall design Creating an AST AST node details Bindings AST rewrite Refactoring toolkit Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 31
32.
Abstract Syntax Tree
- Design Motivation Java Model and type hierarchy are optimized to present model elements in a view. Refactorings and code manipulation features need fully resolved information down to statement level to perform exact code analysis. Need a way to manipulate source code on a higher abstraction than characters. Chosen solution: On-demand created abstract syntax tree with all resolved bindings Defined life cycle Well known creation costs Abstract syntax tree rewriter to manipulate code on language element level Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 32
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Abstract Syntax Tree
Source Code ASTParser#createAST(...) AST ReturnStatement expression InfixExpression leftOperand rightOperand resolveBinding MethodInvocation SimpleName IMethodBinding Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 33
34.
Abstract Syntax Tree
cond’t A Java type for each syntactic construct Assignment, CastExpression, ConditionalExpression… Bindings for type information Can resolve all references through bindings Visitors and node properties for analysis ASTRewriter to manipulate an AST Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 34
35.
Creating an AST
Build AST with AST factory: ASTParser Either from Java model elements: ICompilationUnit, IClassFile (ITypeRoot) Or source string, file name and IJavaProject as context Bindings or no bindings Bindings contain resolved information. Fully available on syntax-error-free code, best effort when there are errors. Full AST or partial AST For a given source position: All other methods have empty bodies AST for an element: Only method, statement or expression Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 35
36.
Creating an AST
Statements recovery No recovery: When detecting syntax error: Skip method body With recovery: Skip tokens, or introduce artificial tokens to create statements. Recovered node are flagged with ASTNode#RECOVERED Bindings recovery No recovery: No bindings if element can not be found (for example is not on the class path) With recovery: Introduce recovered bindings, only name is correct, no package or members. Bindings marked with binding.isRecovered() Create multiple ASTs using same binding environment, much faster setIgnoreMethodBodies(boolean): Can be used when the method bodies are not needed. This saves a lot of memory. New in 3.6, bindings can be resolved without an Eclipse workspace: ASTParser#setEnvironment(..) Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 36
37.
Creating an AST
ASTParser parser= ASTParser.newParser(AST.JLS3); parser.setSource(cu); parser.setResolveBindings(true); Create AST on an parser.setStatementsRecovery(true); element ASTNode node= parser.createAST(null); ASTParser parser= ASTParser.newParser(AST.JLS3); parser.setSource("System.out.println();".toCharArray()); parser.setProject(javaProject); parser.setKind(ASTParser.K_STATEMENTS); parser.setStatementsRecovery(false); Create AST on source ASTNode node= parser.createAST(null); string Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 37
38.
AST Browsing
Typed access to the node children: ConditionalExpression: getExpression() getThenExpression() getElseExpression() Homogenous access using node properties: List allProperties= node.structuralPropertiesForType(); Will contain 3 elements of type ‘StructuralPropertyDescriptor’: ConditionalExpression.EXPRESSION_PROPERTY, ConditionalExpression.THEN_EXPRESSION_PROPERTY, ConditionalExpression.ELSE_EXPRESSION_PROPERTY, expression= node.getStructuralProperty(ConditionalExpression.EXPRESSION_PROPERTY); Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 38
39.
ASTView Demo
ASTView and JavaElement view: http://www.eclipse.org/jdt/ui/update-site Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 39
40.
AST View
private void print(ASTNode node) { List properties= node.structuralPropertiesForType(); for (Iterator iterator= properties.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) { Object descriptor= iterator.next(); if (descriptor instanceof SimplePropertyDescriptor) { SimplePropertyDescriptor simple= (SimplePropertyDescriptor)descriptor; Object value= node.getStructuralProperty(simple); System.out.println(simple.getId() + " (" + value.toString() + ")"); } else if (descriptor instanceof ChildPropertyDescriptor) { ChildPropertyDescriptor child= (ChildPropertyDescriptor)descriptor; ASTNode childNode= (ASTNode)node.getStructuralProperty(child); if (childNode != null) { System.out.println("Child (" + child.getId() + ") {"); print(childNode); System.out.println("}"); } } else { ChildListPropertyDescriptor list= (ChildListPropertyDescriptor)descriptor; System.out.println("List (" + list.getId() + "){"); print((List)node.getStructuralProperty(list)); System.out.println("}"); } } } private void print(List nodes) { for (Iterator iterator= nodes.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) { ASTNode node= (ASTNode)iterator.next(); print(node); } } Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 40
41.
Bindings
Bindings are fully connected ITypeBinding has bindings for super type, interfaces, all members IMethodBinding has bindings for parameter types, exceptions, return type IVariableBinding has binding for variable type Bindings retain a lot of memory: Do not hold on bindings Do not hold on ASTNodes that contain bindings Within an AST: Binding identity (can use ‘==‘ to compare bindings) Bindings from different ASTs: Compare binding.getKey() Or isEqualTo(…) Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 41
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Bindings cont’d
From a binding to its declaring ASTNode: astRoot.findDeclaringNode(binding) (on CompilationUnit) From a binding to an IJavaElement: binding.getJavaElement() Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 42
43.
AST Visitor
ASTParser parser= ASTParser.newParser(AST.JLS3); parser.setSource(cu); parser.setResolveBindings(true); Count the number of casts ASTNode root= parser.createAST(null); root.accept(new ASTVisitor() { public boolean visit(CastExpression node) { fCastCount++; return true; Count the number of references } to a field of ‘java.lang.System’ (‘System.out’, ‘System.err’) public boolean visit(SimpleName node) { IBinding binding= node.resolveBinding(); if (binding instanceof IVariableBinding) { IVariableBinding varBinding= (IVariableBinding) binding; ITypeBinding declaringType= varBinding.getDeclaringClass(); if (varBinding.isField() && "java.lang.System".equals(declaringType.getQualifiedName())) { fAccessesToSystemFields++; } } return true; } Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 43
44.
AST Rewriting
Instead of manipulating the source code, change the AST and write changes back to source Descriptive approach describe changes without actually modifying the AST allows reuse of the AST for multiple independent rewrites support generation of a preview Modifying approach directly manipulates the AST API is more intuitive implemented using the descriptive rewriter Rewriter characteristics preserves user formatting and markers generates a TextEdit that describes document changes Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 44
45.
AST Rewriting cont’d
Implementation of descriptive rewrite is more powerful: String placeholders: Use a node that is a placeholder for an arbitrary string of code or comments Track node positions: Get the new source ranges after the rewrite Copy a range of nodes Modify the comment mapping heuristic used by the rewriter (comments are associated with nodes. Operation on nodes also include the associated comments) Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 45
46.
AST Rewrite cont’d
Example of the descriptive AST rewrite: public void modify(MethodDeclaration decl) { AST ast= decl.getAST(); Create the rewriter ASTRewrite astRewrite= ASTRewrite.create(ast); Change the method name SimpleName newName= ast.newSimpleName("newName"); astRewrite.set(decl, MethodDeclaration.NAME_PROPERTY, newName, null); ListRewrite paramRewrite= astRewrite.getListRewrite(decl, MethodDeclaration.PARAMETERS_PROPERTY); SingleVariableDeclaration newParam= ast.newSingleVariableDeclaration(); newParam.setType(ast.newPrimitiveType(PrimitiveType.INT)); newParam.setName(ast.newSimpleName("p1")); paramRewrite.insertFirst(newParam, null); TextEdit edit= astRewrite.rewriteAST(document, null); Insert a new parameter edit.apply(document); as first parameter Create resulting edit script } Apply edit script to source buffer Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 46
47.
Code Manipulation Toolkits
Refactoring – org.eclipse.ltk.refactoring refactorings - org.eclipse.ltk.core.refactoring.Refactoring responsible for precondition checking create code changes code changes - org.eclipse.ltk.core.refactoring.Change provide Undo/Redo support support non-textual changes (e.g. renaming a file) support textual changes based on text edit support user interface is wizard-based Quick Fix & Quick Assist – org.eclipse.jdt.ui.text.java processors - org.eclipse.jdt.ui.text.java.IQuickFixProcessor check availability based on problem identifier generate a list of fixes user interface is provided by editor Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 47
48.
The Batch Compiler
Java Model – Lightweight model for views Search Engine AST – Precise, fully resolved compiler parse tree Overall design Creating an AST AST node details Bindings AST rewrite Refactoring toolkit Batch Compiler Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 48
49.
The Batch Compiler
Eclipse provides and uses its own compiler that is not javac The Eclipse compiler is used inside the IDE (Eclipse) The Eclipse compiler can also be used as a pure batch compiler outside of Eclipse The Eclipse batch compiler can be used as: A command line tool A compiler adapter inside an Ant task: As a compiler service used by the Compiler API (jsr 199) Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 49
50.
Summary JDT
delivers powerful program manipulation services Java Model, Search engine and DOM AST Use them to add your own tool to the Eclipse Java IDE but also in headless mode (can be used programmatically) E.g. EMF, metrics tools, … Full J2SE 5.0/6.0 support Full-fledged batch compiler Community feedback is essential bug reports: https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/enter_bug.cgi?product=JDT mailing lists: http://www.eclipse.org/mail/index.html newsgroups: news://news.eclipse.org/eclipse.tools.jdt Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 50
51.
Legal Notice
Copyright © IBM Corp., 2007-2010. All rights reserved. This presentation and the source code in it are made available under the EPL, v1.0. Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Eclipse and the Eclipse logo are trademarks of Eclipse Foundation, Inc. IBM and the IBM logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of IBM Corporation, in the United States, other countries or both. Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. THE INFORMATION DISCUSSED IN THIS PRESENTATION IS PROVIDED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. WHILE EFFORTS WERE MADE TO VERIFY THE COMPLETENESS AND ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION, IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND IBM SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF, OR OTHERWISE RELATED TO, SUCH INFORMATION. ANY INFORMATION CONCERNING IBM'S PRODUCT PLANS OR STRATEGY IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE BY IBM WITHOUT NOTICE Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 51
52.
The JDT Team
Daniel Megert Frédéric Fusier Markus Keller Deepak Azad Ayushman Jain Jayaprakash Arthanareeswaran Raksha Vasisht Satyam Rama Kandula Srikanth Adayapalam Olivier Thomann Michael Rennie Darin Wright Copyright © IBM Corp., 2010. All rights reserved. Licensed under EPL, v1.0. 52
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