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Boiler Water Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object]

Boiler Water System pre-treatment Feed Tank Feed pump Condensate Continuous Blowdown s s s s Boiler s s s s Sample point Plant Process Water Column Receiver

Benefits Of Using Steam ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types 0f Boilers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Major Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Problems Caused By Impurities

Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

EFFECT OF SCALING, CORROSION, CARRY-OVER ON BOILER SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pretreatment Internal Boiler Condensate return line treatment Heat Treatment

3.0: System:Steam / Condensate

Boiler Water Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Deposit Formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Deposits - Effects on Metal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Thermal Conductivities ( BTU .ft / ft2.hr.deg F ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Scale Deposition Potential Steam Production kg/hr 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 0.5 4 10 ppm hardness 5 ppm hardness 2ppm hardness Tonnes 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Tonnes/Year Entering Boiler

Deposit Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

pH and PO 4 Concentration Below curve all alkalinity in the form of phosphate Above curve Free caustic present PO 4 - conc in ppm 10 30 20 40 50 60 70 pH 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10.8 10.0 10.6 10.2 10.4 80 90

Corrosion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Corrosion Control ,[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanical Deaeration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*

Oxygen Scavenger Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sulphite ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hydrazine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Di-Ethyl-Hydroxyl-Amine DEHA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reaction Rates Of Oxygen Scavengers At 70 0 F And pH 8.5 10 20 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 DEHA Catalysed Hydrazine Hydrazine Catalysed Sulphite D.O. ppm Catalysed DEHA Sulphite Contact Time In Minutes

Reaction rates of oxygen scavengers at 70 0 F& pH 11 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Catalysed Hydrazine Catalysed DEHA Catalysed Sulphite Time Minutes D.O.,ppm

Ammonia Generated By DEHA and Hydrazine 100 200 300 400 500 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 DEHA Hydrazine Temperature ( 0 F) ppm NH 3 Generated per ppm Product

Ability Of Catalysed Hydrazine to reduce ferric iron to ferrous 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.0 4.0- 6.0 8.0 10.0 Catalysed Hydrazine Uncatalysed Hydrazine Catalysed Sodium Sulphite Hydrazine Concn in Feed Water (ppm ) Iron reduced from ferric to ferrous

Tannins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Carbon dioxide Corrosion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Carbon Dioxide Corrosion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Return Lines Corrosion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Return Line Corrosion Protection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Volatile Oxygen Scavenging (V.O.S) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Volatile Oxygen Scavenger (V.O.A) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Neutralising Amines ,[object Object],[object Object]

Neutralising Amines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Filming Amines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Primary Amines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Secondary Amines ,[object Object],[object Object]

Silica Carryover ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Silica in Boiler Water - Relationship with Pressure Boiler water pH > 10.3 Boiler water pH<9.0 Silica , ppm Maximum Silica Content in Boiler Water to keep silica < 0.02 ppm in steam 2500 2300 2100 1900 1700 1500 1300 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 Press.,psig

Caustic Embrittlement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Inhibition Of Cracking ,[object Object],[object Object]

Priming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Foaming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recommended Water Characterstics For Water Tube Boilers BS 2486 : 1978

Shell Boiler Operating Parameters All reserves are as ppm. Hardness and alkalinity reserves are expressesd as CaCO 3 . The operating caustic alkalinity is assumed to be half the maximum total alkalinity

Boiler Water Treatment Programming Calculations

Survey Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calculation steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Determine Feed Water quality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],{ } x 100

Determine Oxygen Scavenger Dose ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Feedwater Temp Dissolved oxygen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 C Temp. 0 F D.O.ppm

Determine Maximum Permissible Boiler Concentrations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alkalinity Demand ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Determination of Phosphate Requirement ,[object Object],[object Object]

Checking Sludge conditioner dosage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calculate Return Line treatment requirement ,[object Object],[object Object]

Determination Of Blowdown ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conversion of dose rates to kg product per day ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Water Losses From Steam System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Uncontrolled water Losses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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