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7. Modal Analysis
• Modal analysis is used to determine a structure’s vibration
characteristics — natural frequencies and mode shapes.
• It is the most fundamental of all dynamic analysis types and
is generally the starting point for other, more detailed
dynamic analyses.
• In this chapter, we will describe how to do a basic modal
analysis via the following topics:
A. Procedure
B. Workshop
For details, refer to your Structural Analysis Guide or
Dynamics Training Manual.
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Modal Analysis
...Procedure
Geometry & Meshing
• Same considerations as a static analysis:
– Include as many details as necessary to sufficiently represent
model geometry.
– A fine mesh will be needed to resolve complex mode shapes.
• Both Young’s modulus and density are required.
– Specify mass density instead of weight density when using
British units.
• weight density (lb/in3
) ÷ g (in/sec2
) = mass density (lb-sec2
/in4
)
• For example, density of steel = 0.283/386 = 7.3E-04 lb-sec2
/in4
• Linear elements and material properties only. Nonlinearities
are ignored.
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Modal Analysis
...Procedure
Analysis Options
• Mode extraction options
– MODOPT command or Solution >
Analysis Options...
– Method: Block Lanczos is generally
recommended.
– Number of modes: Specify the
number of modes you want to extract.
• Mode expansion options
– MXPAND command or Solution >
Analysis Options...
– Expanding modes allows you to view
them in the postprocessor.
– Number of modes is usually the same
as the number extracted.
• Prestress effects
– PSTRES command or Solution >
Analysis Options...
– calculate mode shapes of a
prestressed structure, such as a
spinning turbine blade.
Default settings are
usually sufficient
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Modal Analysis
...Procedure
Loading & Solve
• The only “loads” valid in a modal analysis are
displacement constraints:
– Solution > -Loads- Apply > Displacement >
– Or use the D family of commands: D, DK, DL, DA,
etc.
• If you don’t specify constraints, ANSYS will
calculate rigid body modes (zero frequency).
• After all constraints have been specified, obtain the solution:
– First save the database (SAVE command or Toolbar > SAVE_DB).
– Then issue SOLVE (or Solution > -Solve- Current LS).