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Origins of the Industrial Revolution US Studies
What is the Gilded Age? Gilded—a thin covering of gold Industrial Era Civil War—business had to be efficient Started in Great Britain (domestic system—wool) Factories—immigrants & displaced farm workers
Tremendous Changes Beginning of IR Most items made by hand 1,000,000 tons of steel/year 61 labor hours to produce one acre of wheat 14,000,000 tons of coal/year 30,000 tons of electrical wire NY City population: 850,000 Result of Industrial Revolution Machines used 25,000,000 tons of steel/year Just over 3 labor hours hours 100,000,000 tons of coal/year 500,000 tons of electrical wire NY City population: 4,000,000
Life in 1865 & 1900 1865 No indoor electric lighting Sun was the clock No electrical appliances No refrigeration (ice blocks) Communication—through mail system (pony express) Changes—inventors, patents, & manufacturing (Thomas Edison) 1900 Many new inventions from the Industrial Age that made life easier: Indoor electric lighting Electrical appliances (including refrigerators) Telephones & telegraphs Railroads (towns; transcontinental; time zones)
Our focus: Workers
Coal Mining
Workers
Going to Work
Breaker Boys
Child Labor Many saw this as shameful 1880: 1,118,000 kids under 16 worked in the US That’s 1 out of every 6 kids!
Accidents
Mining Towns
Town Cave-In
Inside a Factory
Pullman Factory
Cigar Rollers
Unsafe?
Triangle Shirt Factory Fire
The Factory
Aftermath
Aftermath
Aftermath
Aftermath
Fire Escape
Coxey’s Army
Response to 1892 Panic Winter 1892-3: 18% unemployment Unemployed led by Jacob Coxey (Ohio) to DC One group commandeered a train & fought off Federal Marshalls Marched Penn. Ave. to Capital & demanded relief (government jobs & cash) Coxey arrested as he gave his speech 1944: invited back to finish
Living Conditions
One Room
Crowded Conditions
Back Alley
Exterior
Row Houses
Nicer Row Houses
Famous Row Houses
Carnegie Mansion, NYC

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