#CeDEM13 Day 2 afternoon, Reflections, Main Hall, Chair: Morten Meyerhoff Nielsen

1. D A M I E N M A C N A M A R A , J . PA U L G I B S O N A N D K E N
O A K L E Y
JUST LIKE PAPER: A CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM FOR EVOTING MACHINES

2. CLASSIFICATION
• This work is part of the DualVote project
• Development of an pen and paper based eVoting System
• In DualVote, the voter uses a pen and paper to cast their
vote but during this process their vote is also recorded
electronically
• We became interested in expanding on the functionality of
DualVote so we decided to develop a feature based
classification for voting machines

3. SPECIFICATION OF INTERFACE
FEATURES
• We looked at 26 commercial eVoting systems
worldwide
• We identified 5 broad categories of Interface
Features
• Error-Feedback
• Ballot Confirmation
• Machine Activation
• Duality Generation
• Interface Modality
• We identified 14 distinct Interface Features in total

4. JLP CLASSIFICATION
• We then ranked the 26 systems in a particular order
and assigned each machine classification number.
• We chose the traditional pen and paper method of
voting as our ‘baseline’ and assigned this the lowest
classification number: JSN1

5. JLP CLASSIFICATION
• We were interested primarily in incremental
differences in functionality between voting
machines
• A simple pen and paper voting method offers the least in
terms of functionality and allows us to compare commercial
eVoting systems to same.
• This is useful when we are replacing a pen and paper system
with an electronic one

6. JLP CLASSIFICATION
• There are approximately 162 possible classifications
(1-162)
• Systems with a low classification have more in
common with the basic functionality offered by a
simple pen and paper method
• Systems with a higher classification have less in
common with pen and paper and offer more
functionality

7. FOR THE FUTURE?
• We have also documented the design decisions
relating to how each Interface Feature has been
implemented
• We would like to determine if a lower classification
number directly corresponds to a system which
requires less user actions to cast a vote
• In this way, a system with a lower classification is also more
usable

8. QUESTIONS?