Java SE 8 & EE 7 Launch

Java SE 8 and Java EE 7
Overview
Peter Doschkinow
Senior Java Architect

The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended
for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract.
It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should
not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release,
and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products
remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

Agenda
 Java SE 8 New Features
– Language
– Libraries
– Platform and JVM
 Java EE 7 Overview
– Focus on HTML5 support

 New functionality
– JSR 308: Annotations on types
– JSR 310: Date and Time API
– JSR 335: Lambda expressions
 Updated functionality
– JSR 114: JDBC Rowsets
– JSR 160: JMX Remote API
– JSR 199: Java Compiler API
– JSR 173: Streaming API for XML
– JSR 206: Java API for XML Processing
– JSR 221: JDBC 4.0
– JSR 269: Pluggable Annotation-Processing API
Component JSRs
Java SE 8 (JSR 337)

 Biggest changes to the Java language since Java SE 5
 Significant enhancements in the class libraries
 The main goals of these changes are:
– Better developer productivity
– More reliable code
– Better utilisation of multi-core and multi-processor systems
 Code is no longer inherently serial or parallel
Java SE 8

 Lambda expressions provide anonymous function types to Java
– Replace use of anonymous inner classes
– Provide more functional style of programming in Java
Closures and Functional Programming
Lambda Expressions
doSomething(new DoStuff() {
public boolean isGood(int value) {
return value == 42;
}
});
doSomething(answer -> answer == 42);
Simplified to:

class Person {
String name;
int age;
String getName() { return name; }
int getAge() { return age; }
}
List<Person> list = ... ;
Collections.sort(list, ???);
Sorting a list of objects
Lambda Expressions Example

class ComparePersonsByName implements Comparator<Person> {
@Override
public int compare(Person p1, Person p2) {
return p1.getName().compareTo(p2.getName());
}
}
Collections.sort(list, new ComparePersonsByName());
Sorting a list of objects traditionally

Collections.sort(list,
(p1, p2) -> p1.getName().compareTo(p2.getName())
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.comparing(p -> p.getName())
Sorting a list of objects with lambdas

Collections.sort(list,
(p1, p2) -> p1.getName().compareTo(p2.getName())
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.comparing(p -> p.getName())
Collections.sort(list, Comparator.comparing(Person::getName)
Sorting a list of objects with lambdas and method references

 Provide a mechanism to add new methods to existing interfaces
– Without breaking backwards compatability
– Gives Java multiple inheritance of behaviour, as well as types (but not
state!)
Bringing Multiple Inheritance (of Functionality) to Java
Extension Methods
public interface Set<T> extends Collection<T> {
public int size();
... // The rest of the existing Set methods
public T reduce(Reducer<T> r)
default Collections.<T>setReducer;
}

 Annotations can currently only be used on type declarations
– Classes, methods, variable definitions
 Extension for places where types are used
– e.g. parameters
 Permits error detection by pluggable type checkers
– e.g. null pointer errors, race conditions, etc
Annotations On Java Types
public void process(@notnull List data) {…}

 Mechanism to retrieve parameter names of methods and constructors
– At runtime via core reflection
 Improved code readability
– Eliminate redundant annotations
 Improve IDE capabilities
– Auto-generate template code
 Method and Constructor now inherit from new Executable class
– getParameters() returns array of Parameter objects
– Name, type, annotations for each parameter
Access To Parameter Names At Runtime

 Repeating annotations
Multiple annotations with the same type applied to a single program element
 No more apt tool and associated API
– Complete the transition to the JSR 269 implementation
 DocTree API
– Provide access to the syntactic elements of a javadoc comment
 DocLint tool
– Use DocTree API to identify basic errors in javadoc comments
Small Things @OneToOne
@JoinColumn(name=“PARTNUM”)
@JoinColumn(name=“PARTREV”)
public Part getPart() {
return part;
}

 No small task!
– Java SE 7 has 4024 standard classes
 Modernize general library APIs
 Improve performance
– Gains from use of invokedynamic to implement Lambdas
 Demonstrate best practices for extension methods
Enhance Core Libraries With Lambdas

 java.util.function package
– Function, Predicate, Consumer, Supplier interfaces
 java.util.stream package
– Stream, Collector interfaces
 Hidden implicit iteration
 Serial and parallel implementations
– Generally expressed with Lambda statements
 Parallel implementation builds on Fork-Join framework
 Lazy evaluation
Filter, Map, Reduce for Java
Bulk Data Operations For Collections

List<Person> persons = ...
int oldestPeter = persons.stream()
.filter(p -> p.getName() == “Peter”)
.map(p -> p.getAge())
.max();
Java Streams API
Source
Stream
Intermediate
Stream Result
Intermediate
Stream
filter map max
 Higher abstraction view on
Collections
 Uses the Unix concept of
fipes and filters
 No storage
 Functional in nature
 Seeks laziness

List<Person> persons = ...
int oldestPeter = persons.parallelStream()
.filter(p -> p.getName() == “Peter”)
.map(p -> p.getAge())
.max();
Java Streams API
Source
Stream
Intermediate
Stream Result
Intermediate
Stream
filter map max
 Higher abstraction view on
Collections
 Uses the Unix concept of
fipes and filters
 No storage
 Functional in nature
 Seeks laziness
 Support parallel execution
using Fork-and-Join
framework

 A new date, time, and calendar API for the Java SE platform
 Supports standard time concepts
– Partial, duration, period, intervals
– date, time, instant, and time-zone
 Provides a limited set of calendar systems and be extensible to others
 Uses relevant standards, including ISO-8601, CLDR, and BCP47
 Based on an explicit time-scale with a connection to UTC
Date And Time APIs

 Currently developers are forced to use non-public APIs
– sun.misc.BASE64Encoder
– sun.misc.BASE64Decoder
 Java SE 8 now has a standard way
– java.util.Base64.Encoder
– java.util.Base64.Decoder
– encode, encodeToString, decode, wrap methods
Base64 Encoding and Decoding

 New Modern Theme: Modena
 JavaFX 3D
 Rich Text
 New widgets: TreeTableView, DatePicker
 Public API for CSS structure
 WebView Enhancements
 Embedded Support
 Support the direct launching of JavaFX applications
– Enhancement to the java command line launcher
JavaFX 8 New Features

 Optimize java.text.DecimalFormat.format
– Improve performance of common DecimalFormat usages
 Statically Linked JNI Libraries
– Needed for embedded applications
– Currently only dynamically linked supported
 Handle frequent HashMap collisions with balanced trees
– Hash bucket switches from linked list to balanced tree at certain threshold
to improve performance
Small Things

Approximate static footprint goals
Compact Profiles
Compact1 Profile
Compact2 Profile
Compact3 Profile
Full JRE 140Mb
24Mb
17Mb
10Mb

 Fix some assumptions about classloaders
 Use ServiceLoader rather than proprietary SPI code
– E.g. JAXP does not use ServiceLoader
 JDK tool to analyse application code dependencies: jdeps
 Deprecate APIs that will impede modularisation
– e.g. java.util.logging.LogManager.addPropertyChangeListener
Getting Ready For Jigsaw
Modularisation Preparation

 Improve performance, quality, and portability of method handles and
invokedynamic
 Reduce the amount of assembly code in the JVM
 Reduce native calls during method handle processing
 Better reference implementation of JSR 292 (invokedynamic)
Assembly language code re-written in Java
Lambda-Form Representation For Method Handles

 Lightweight, high-performance JavaScript engine
– Integrated into JRE
 Use existing javax.script API
 ECMAScript-262 Edition 5.1 language specification compliance
 New command-line tool, jjs to run JavaScript
 Internationalised error messages and documentation
Nashorn JavaScript Engine

 Rarely used
– DefNew + CMS
– ParNew + SerialOld
– Incremental CMS
 Large testing effort for little return
 Will generate deprecated option messages
– Won’t disappear just yet
Retire Rarely-Used GC Combinations

 Part of the HotSpot, JRockit convergence
 Current objects moved to Java heap or native memory
– Interned strings, class metadata, class static variables
 Metaspace – for native allocation
– Limited only by process address space
– To force a limit use -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=<size>
 Class Data Sharing – Experimental feature
– Available on all platforms, -Xshare:<flag>
– Reduce footprint and startup by sharing JDK classes between processes
Permanently
Remove The Permanent Generation

 Autoconf based build system
– ./configure style build setup
 Enhance javac to improve build speed
– Run on all available cores
– Track package and class dependences between builds
– Automatically generate header files for native methods
– Clean up class and header files that are no longer needed
Increased Build Speed, Simplified Setup
The JDK

The Java EE Journey
Java EE 7
2005-2012
Ease of
Development
Lightweight
Developer Productivity & HTML5
1998-2004
Enterprise
Java Platform
Robustness
Web
Services
2013 - Future

Java EE 7 Themes
 Batch
 Concurrency
 Simplified JMS
 More annotated POJOs
 Less boilerplate code
 Cohesive integrated
platform
DEVELOPER
PRODUCTIVITY
 JAX-RS
 WebSockets
 JSON
 Servlet NIO
MEETING
ENTERPRISE
DEMANDS
Java EE 7

 TCP based, bi-directional, full-duplex
messaging
 Originally proposed as part of HTML5
 IETF-defined Protocol: RFC 6455
– Handshake, data transfer
 W3C defined JavaScript API
– Candidate Recommendation
 Supported by most browser already
http://caniuse.com/websockets
WebSocket

 Starts with HTTP handshake
– Supports HTTP proxies, filtering, authentication and intermediaries
 Data transfer
– Text/Binary frames
– Ping/Pong control frames for keep-alive
– Data frames don’t have HTTP overhead
 No headers/cookies/security/metadata
– Close frame
 Full duplex and bi-directional
WebSocket Protocol Summary

 Create WebSocket Endpoints
– Annotation-driven (@ServerEndpoint)
– Interface-driven (Endpoint)
 SPI for extensions and data frames
 Integration with Java EE Web container
 Client and server APIs
Java API for WebSocket Features

Server Side Object Model
WebSocket

@ServerEndpoint(path="/chat")
public class ChatBean {
Set<Session> peers = Collections.synchronizedSet(…);
@OnOpen
public void onOpen(Session peer) {
peers.add(peer);
}
@OnClose
public void onClose(Session peer) {
peers.remove(peer);
}
...
@OnMessage
public void message(String message, Session client) {
for (Session peer : peers) {
peer.getRemote().sendObject(message);
}
}
}
WebSocket Chat Sample

@ServerEndpoint(
value = "/websockets/{id}",
decoders = ShapeCoding.class,
encoders = ShapeCoding.class)
public class DrawingWebSocket { … }
public class ShapeCoding implements Decoder.Text<Drawing.Shape>, Encoder.Text<Drawing.Shape> {
...
@Override
public boolean willDecode(String s) { return true; }
@Override
public Drawing.Shape decode(String s) throws DecodeException { … }
...}
Custom Encoders and Decoders

 Standard Java API to help building of RESTful web services and clients
 Annotation driven: a DSL for HTTP
 POJO-Based Resource Classes
 HTTP Centric Programming Model
– Maps HTTP methods to java method invocations
 Entity Format Independence
Java API for RESTful Web Services
JAX-RS

 Serializar and Deserializer
– MessageBodyReader, MessageBodyWriter
 Response object for complex responses
 ExceptionMapper for Exception-Mapping
 Container Independence
 Included in Java EE – for Java EE 7 also in the web profile
Java API for RESTful Web Services
JAX-RS

public class AtmService {
public String balance(String card, String pin) {
return Double.toString (getBalance(card, pin));
}
public Money withdraw(String card,String pin, String amount){
return getMoney(card, pin, amount);
}
...
}
Converting a POJO in a REST Resource
JAX-RS Concepts in an Example

@Path("/atm/{cardId}")
@GET @Path ("/balance")
public String balance(String card, String pin) {
}
@POST @Path("/withdrawal")
public Money withdraw(String card, String pin,
String amount){
}
...
}
Converting a POJO in a REST Resource, HTTP method binding

@Path("/atm/{cardId}")
@GET @Path ("/balance")
@Produces("text/plain")
public String balance(@PathParam ("cardId") String card,
@QueryParam("pin") String pin) {
}
@POST @Path("/withdrawal")
@Produces("application/json")
public Money withdraw((@PathParam ("cardId") String card,
@QueryParam("pin") String pin,
String amount){
}
...
}
URI Parameter injection, built-in and custom serialization
GET http://[machine]:[port]/[web-context]/atm/3711/balance?pin=1234
POST http://[machine]:[port]/[web-context]/atm/3711/withdrawal?pin=1234

 New features
– Client API
– Client and Server Configuration
– Asynchronous processing
– Filters and Interceptors
– Hypermedia support
JAX-RS 2.0

HTML5 Architectural Implications
 HTML5 is the new UI across devices
– Applications == HTML5 + JavaScript + CSS3 + Server Resources
 Requires a different programming approach
 Servers no longer generating markup language
 Clients responsible for presentation logic and execution
 JavaScript is part of the domain model, JSON is the payload
 Event-Driven
 No need for browser plugin
The Browser Is the Platform

Thin Server Architecture (TSA) Diagram
JavaScript
HTML
CSS
HTML5DOMAPI
UserInterface
Browser
WebSocket
Server Push
Static
Resource
Services
Data
Access
RESTful
Data Services
DB
EIS
Web
Storage
Runtime application
presentation
input
display
App download
HTTP
XHR
WebSocket
Server-Sent-Events
App Server

 Improved performance
– Caching, no presentation data transmitted again and again
 Scalability
– Less data to transfer, session state is on the client
 Reduced complexity
– UI control is not split bethween client and server, UI events stay on client
 Improved user experience
 Offline support only possible with TSA
Advantages
Thin Server Architecture

With Java EE
Thin Server Architecture
Data Sources
HTTP/S
Web
Sockets
SSE
Clients
JAX-RS
Data Services
JMS
JPA
JAXB
POJO/EJB
Java EE Server
EIS
JSON
XML
JCA
WS
Endpoint

 Collaborative drawing
 Two-page application
– List of drawings
– Drawing
 Demonstrating
– Server-side: JAX-RS, JSON, WebSocket, SSE Java API
– Client-side: JAX-RS, WebSocket, SSE Java and JavaScript API
– JavaFX hybrid Java/HTML5 application
http://github.com/jersey/hol-sse-websocket
Drawing Board Demo

TSA - Architecture
Drawing Board Demo
HTTP/S
Web
Sockets
SSE
Clients
JAX-RS/SSE
Jersey
Data Service
GlassFish 4.0
JSON
JSON
DataProvider
POJO
WS
Endpoint
HTML5 Browser
JavaFX
WebView/WebKit
webSocketSend.send(...)
send(...) onEvent(...)
DrawingService.query(...)

 JSON 1.0: Java API for JSON parsing/processing, similar to JAXP
 Concurrency Utilities for Java EE 1.0
 Java Batch API 1.0
 JPA 2.1: Schema generation props, entity graphs and converters, …
 Servlet 3.1: Non-blocking IO, Upgrade to WebSocket, …
 JTA 1.2: Transactional CDI interceptors, …
 CDI 1.1: Ordering of interceptors, Servlet events, …
 EJB 3.2: Optional CMP/BMP, Ease-of-use, …
 JSF 2.2: @FlowScoped, HTML5 data-* attributes, …
 Bean Validation 1.1: method constraints, injectable artifacts, ...
Many other Improvements

 Java EE 7 SDK
– With GUI installer for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X
– Web and full profile, english and multi-language
– API docs, tutorial and samples
 GlassFish 4.0 OSE with GUI installer or as Zip
 Java EE 7 RI binaries and sources for the web and full profile
 Maven dependencies and javadocs
– javaee-api-7.0.jar, javaee-web-api-7.0.jar, javaee-api-7.0-javadoc.jar
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/downloads/index.html
Java EE 7 Implementation Deliverables

https://java.net/downloads/javaee-spec/JavaEE8_Community_Survey_Results.pdf
Java EE Next
JCACHESSEConfiguration
HTML5 ++Cloud / PaaS
JSON
Binding
Java EE 8
and Beyond
NoSQL

https://blogs.oracle.com/ldemichiel/entry/results_from_the_java_ee
Java EE 8 Survey Results

 Modular end-to-end TSA-framework for HTML5 applications
 Service complonents implemented in JavaScript
– Using a JavaScript runtime based on Nashorn, NodeJS compatible
 View components implemented in JavaScript
– Using HTML5 + Widgets + Data Binding with EL
– Minimal JavaScript code needed
avatar.java.net
Project Avatar

Summary
 Java SE 8 adds plenty of new features
– At the language, libraries and JVM level
 Java SE continues to evolve
– www.jcp.org
– openjdk.java.net/jeps
 Java EE continues to evolve
– Java EE 7 is the most exciting of Java EE ever
– GlassFish distributions for Java EE continue to be regularly updated with
major releases of the Java EE specification
– Work on Java EE 8 started

Java SE 8 & EE 7 Launch

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