Bentuk tenses

Simple Present Tense
Simple Present adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk menceritakan waktu sekarang dalam bentuk
sederhana/untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang berulangkali/menjadi suatu kebiasaan.
I always go to school by bus.
Father sometimes leaves for office at 6 o’clock.
I usually plays football every Saturday.
My English teacher comes from Tangerang.
The sun shines is East and sets in West. To show fact/the truth.
Water boils at 100⁰C.
work – works pass – passes teach –teaches
make – makes kiss – kisses reach – reaches
sleep- sleeps cross – crosses brush – brushes
smoke – smokes smash – smashes catch – catches
read – reads wash - washes
Adverbs of Frequency
always selalu
usually biasanya
often seringkali
sometimes kadang-kadang
seldom jarang
never tidak pernah
ever pernah
Subject + Verb 1/Infinitive (s/es)+ Object +
adverb

- I drink a cup of milk every morning.
- We study English at school every Wednesday night.
Transitive Verb : kata erja yang harus diikuti objek agar menjadi kalimat sempurna.
• My little brother swins every week.
• We always walk to school.
• They study in this room every Wednesday night.
Intransitive verb : kata kerja yang tidak perlu diikuti oleh objek agar menjadi kalimat sempurna.
(+) You are a teacher (+) You have a book
(- ) You are NOT a teacher (-) You DON’T have a book
(? ) Are you a teacher (?) DO you have a book?
(+) You write (+) He has a book
(-) You DON’T write (-) He DOESN’T have a book
(?) DO you write? (?) DOES he have a book?
(+) He writes
(-) He DOESN’T write
(?) Does he write?
Present Continuous Tense
digunakan untuk tindakan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang, kejadian di waktu sedang berbicara dan
tindakan yang berlangsung hanya untuk jangka waktu yang singkat. Present Continuous tense disebut
juga dengan Present Progressive Tense.

*) V –ing = Present Partciciple
- The cost of living in our conttry is increasing.
- The population of the world is rising very fast.
- John is working on his month report in the office.
- Dick is painting his motorcycle.
- My grandmother is sleeping in the family room.
- My brother is always busy at home because he is working on his thesis.
- I am having an important meeting tomorrow night.
- We are spending our vacation in Tanjung Pasir next week.
- Freddy is meeting his father at the airport this morning.
belong (kepunyaan) believe (percaya)
hear (mendengar) know (mengetahui)
forget (lupa) need (membutuhkan)
prefer (lebih suka) realize (menyadari)
remember (ingat) see (melihat)
understand (mengerti) worse (memburuk)
Adverb of time: Now, Right now, Tomorrow, etc.
Question words di dalam Present Continuous Tense :
Subject + to be(is/am/are) +verb –ing + object + adverb

- What is he watching in this family room now? He is watching the Avatar now on Global TV.
- Where are they playing football now? They are playing in the Santiago Bernbau now.
- Who is studying in this room? The students of Bina Warga are.
- Whose book are you reading? I’m reading my girlfriend’s book.
- Which motorcycle are you choosing ? I’m choosing the red’s one.
Present Perfect tense
digunakan untuk suatu tindakan sederhana yang masih berlangsung atau yang baru sajar terjadi, tetapi
memiliki pengaruh hingga masa kini. Menempatkan penekanan pada hasil.
Question word + to be + subject + verb –ing + object + adverb
(what/where/who/why/how/which/whose?
Subject + have/has + past participle + object + adverb

Has – he, she, it (orang ketiga tunggal)
Have – they, we, I, you (selain orang ketiga tunggal)
I have had breakfast.
I have finished doing my home work.
They have occupied the house for seven years.
Tina has studied English for three years. masih berlangsung sampai sekarang
Dick has finished his thesis for two years in Untirta.
We have lived in this city for twenty years.
He has brought a new motorcycle. masih ada hubungannya sekarang
John has passed from junior high school.
I have tried to contact her this night. aktivitas lampau yang berulangkali
I have smoked eight cigarettes today.
adverb of time : for, since, etc.
Using been in Present Perfect
Subject + have/has + been + subject complement (adjective, adverb of phrase, noun)

- I have been busy for three hours.
- The weather has been so hot this week. adjective
- He has been disappointed with your thesis.
- They have been there for six days. adverb of place
- Lia has been here for thirty minutes ago.
- I have been to Jogjakarta twice.
- Ozi has been a teacher for three years. noun
- His uncle has been a police for twenty years.
- Father has gone to the school.
- They have been in Jakarta at the moment.
- Bobby has just gone out.
- He has gone home.
Question words in Present Perfect.
- Have you done your home work? Yes, I have done my home work.
- How many hours has he done the job? He has done the report for three hours.
- Who has bought an English dictionary? John has bought an English dictionary / I have.
- Which novel you have read? I have had read “twilight” novel.
Present Perfect Continuous
mengungkapkan kejadian di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang, dan berlanjut di waktu
yang akan datang.

- Kiki has been living in Cipondoh since 1986.
- I have been working here for three months.
- They have been discussing their lesson for twenty minutes.
- They have been watching television since this morning.
- I’m sorry for coming late. Have you been waiting long? It’s OK, I haven’t been waiting long.
Question words in Present Perfect Continuous.
- How long have you been studying here? I have been studying here for five months.
- How many hours has he been going to the airport? He has been going to the airport for five minutes.
- etc.
Subject + have/has + been + V –ing + Object + Adverb

digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang telah terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu. kejadian
bisa pendek atau panjang. Berarti juga bisa menjadi beberapa kejadian terjadi satu demi persatu. Secara
umum, Ada dua fakta penting yang perlu diingat dalam tenses bahasa Inggris ini :
- kata kerja tak beraturan (Irregular Verbs)
- kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan tidak seperti kalimat positif tetapi mempertahankan bentuk dasar
kata kerja
adverb of time : yesterday (kemarin), the other day (lain hari), just now (sekarang), the day before
yesterday (sehari sebelum kemarin), last summer (musim panas lalu), last autumn (msuim gugur lalu),
last winter (musim dingin lalu), last spring (musim semi lalu), two hours ago, six years ago, etc.
- I went to see the doctor yesterday.
- I was buy a new dictionary at the bookshop two days ago.
- We studied English at school last night.
- He decided to return to Jogjakarta last week.
- I didn’t see him at the station yesterday noon.
- Father gave me some money before I went to school this morning.
Regular verb Irregular verb
Stay – stayed Go – went – gone
Work – worked Buy – bought – brought
Count – counted Give –gave – given
Cook – cooked Come – came – come
Enjoy – enjoyed Become – became
Finish – finished Begin – began – begun
Yawn – yawned (mengantuk) Blend – blent – blent (mencampur)
Open – opened Awake – awoke – awoken (bangun)
Subject + Verb 2 (past form) + Object + Adverb

Wait – waited Blow – blew – blown (bertiup)
Happen – happened Build – built – built
Smile – smiled Choose – chose – choosen
Live- lived Forbid – forbade – forbidden
Use – used Freeze –froze – frozen
Taste – tasted Eat – ate – eaten
Utilize – utilized Drive – drove – driven
Realize – realized Drink – drank – drunk
Organize – organized Forgive – forgave- forgiven
Study – studied Lead – led – led
Cry – cried Lend – lent – lent
Accompany - accompanied Light –lit – lit
Dry – dried Make – made – made
Stop - stopped See – saw – seen
Drop – dropped Show – showed – shown
Rub – rubbed (menggorok) Sit – sat – sat
Clap – clapped (bertepuk tangan) Send – sent – sent
Dam – dammed (membendung) Ride – rode – ridden
etc.
Past Continuous Tense

mengungkapkan tindakan di masa lalu yang sedang berlangsung. tindakan kadang dapat juga disela oleh
sesuatu. Bentuk tenses ini disebut juga Past Progressive Tense.
was – I, he, she, It.
were– they, we, I, you.
- He was repairing my motorcycle with carefully.
- They were waiting for us.he was typing a letter at 11.00 a.m yesterday afternoon.
- We were working in the garden while my mother was serving for breakfast.
- Ika was watching television while John was washing his car.
Subject + was/were + verb –ing + object + adverb

untuk menunjukkan suatu tindakan di masa lalu berkaitan dengan tindakan lain sebelumnya di masa lalu.
- I had studied for three months when my aunt passed away three years ago.
- The first train had left before we arrive at the station this morning.
- Donny entered the university after he had graduated from senior high school.
- Gery had a permanent job when he decided to marry his girlfriend, Jojo.
Penggunaan If dalam Past Perfect Tense.
- If you had studied English more seriously when you were in University, you would have been
able to be a lecturer.
- If I had seen you before married, I would have married with you, Farah.
- If I had known you would gone to Jerman, I would have went too.
Subject + had + past participle + object + adverb

digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlangsung sampai
tindakan lain yang di masa lalu.
- I had been living here for six years in July 2005.
- I had been working for BRI for two years when I was 23 years old in 2009.
- Maya had been teaching English for eight years until Nopember last years.
- When Jojo went home at 8 o’clock last evening, I had been reading a novel for one hour.
Subject + had + been + verb –ing + object + adverb

adalah yang paling umum, digunakan dalam banyak situasi seperti ketika membuat janji, prediksi atau
rencana. Future Tense disebut juga dengan Present Future Tense
Simple Future Tense dibagi menjadi dua bentuk yaitu “Will/shall” dan “going to” tetapi memiliki
perbedaan penggunaan.
“going to” digunakan dalam mengucapkan suatu rencana tindakan yg telah dibuat jauh2 sebelum
berbicara.Juga digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu prediksi berdasarkan tanda-tanda saat ini (pasti
terjadi kemungkinan besar)
“going to” juga dikenal dalam kata “gonna” yang sering digunakan dalam situasi tidak resmi.
PENTING : Hindari menggunakan kata “gonna” dalam ujian bahasa inggris atau suasana resmi.
“will” digunakan dalam mengucapkan suatu rencana tindakan yang baru saja kamu pikirkan/belum
direncanakan/spontanitas saat berbicara.juga digunakan untuk mengungkapkan ramalan yg akan terjadi
berdasarkan perhitungan atau perasaan (belum tentu kepastiannya).
- My mother will be a headmaster next year.
- I will busy this night.
- The weather will very cold next winter.
- I won’t go with them next month.
- Will you go to school tomorrow?
- It will rain hard tonight.
Adverb of time : next week, next month, next year, tomorrow morning, the day after tomorrow, etc.
Question word in Simple Future Tense.
- What will you buy at the book shop tomorrow night?
- Where will you spend your school holidays next week?
- Who will pick up him this morning?
Subject + shall/will + be + subject complement (noun, adjective, adverb of place)

“be going to” in Future Tense
- I’m going to send this letter to my friend in Singapore.
- We are going to discuss our lesson at my house tonight.
- I am going to return these books this afternoon.
- I’m going to be sick again because I’m feeling not so well this night.
Future Continuous tense
umumnya digunakan untuk menandakan bahwa kita akan berada ditengah-tengah suatu kejadian dalam
waktu tertentu di masa depan. Future Continuous dikenal juga dengan sebutan Present Future Continuous

Future Continuous juga memiliki 2 bentuk yaitu “will” dan “going to” memiliki makna yang sama dan
bisa saling menggantikan saat digunakan. Berbeda dengan penggunaan pada simple future tense.
- They will be working on the new project by next month.
- I will be returning the book to the library when you come to my hous at 9 o’clock tomorrow
afternoon.
- My family are spending our summer holidays in Bali.
- We will be meeting him at the airport this morning.
Subject + will + be + verb –ing + object + adverb

Future Perfect tense
untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan selesai dimasa depan yang sudah dimulai dimasa lalu. Future
Perfect disebut juga Present Future Perfect Tense atau Future Perfect Simple Tense.
Subject + will + have + past participle + object

- I will have resigned from this company befor April next year.
- My father will have retired before December this year.
- The students will have finished the final exam next month.
- He will have completed his home work next week.

Future Perfect Continuous tenses
untuk menceritakan kejadian yang akan berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa depan. Future Perfect
Continuous Tense dikenal juga dengan sebutan Present Future Perfect Continuous atau Future Perfect
Progressive.

- I will have been studying for this company for three years by the end of next week.
- My brother will have been typing the mnthly report for six ours before night.
Subject + will + have + been + verb –ing + object + adverb

digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang akan terjadi pada masa lalu (bukan masa sekarang,
kebalikan dari simple future tense).
- He should be in Banten next month.
- I should be pick up when you arrive at the station tomorrow.
Subject + should/would + tobe +object + adverb

Past Future Continuous atau Past Future Progressive Tense

untuk menceritakan suatu tindakan yang akan sedang terjadi pada masa lalu ( untuk yang sedang terjadi
di masa sekarang disebut Future Continuous Tense).
• My brother would be finishing Thesis last week .
• I should be arriving at the bus station on 7 o’clok last evening.
Subject + should/would + verb –ing + object + adverb

Past Future Perfect Tense
digunakan untuk mengungkapkan tindakan yang akan sudah selesai di masa lalu.
• My mother should have been here at nine o’clock tomorrow .
• Mar’i would have worked in leading companies next month .
Subject + should+ have + been + object + adverb

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian di masa lalu, bisa tetap berlanjut sampai sekarang ataupun
tidak.
• I would have working in leading companies for 10 years.
• If my father would have finished repairing the car, I would have going to the campus.
Subject + should/would + have + verb –ing + object + adverb

LATIHAN SOAL
Exercise 1 : Simple Present Tense
Ubahlah kedalam kalimat (-) dan (?).
1. You have a car
2. My sister has a car
3. My sisters have a car
4. You and I learn English
5. John and Bill sing
6. The cat drinks
7. Joe has breakfast
8. Our brother teaches
9. Our brothers work
10. John’s sisters have a car
Exercise 2 : Present Continuous Tense
Terjemahkan kalimat ini kedalam bahasa Inggris.

1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang.
2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu.
3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televise.
4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang.
5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran bahasa Inggris.
6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang.
7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang.
8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang.
9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang.
10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang.
Exercise 3 : Present Perfect Continous Tense.
Terjemahkan kalimat ini dalam bahasa Inggris.
1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam.
2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa Inggris ?
3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam.
4. Donny sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun.
5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ?
6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam
Exercise 4 : Past Tense.
Latihan : Terjemahkan kalimat ini kedalam bahasa Inggris !

1. Kami menjual sepeda motor kami kemarin.
2. Apakah kamu pergi ke bioskop tadi malam ?
3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu.
4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ?
5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Surabaya tahun lalu.
6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu.
7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ?
8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Surabaya ?
9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ?
10. Apa yang terjadi kemarin di rumahmu?
Exercise 4 : Past Continuous Tense
Latihan : terjemahkan kalimat ini kedalam bahasa Inggris.
1. Rudi sedang belajar semalam ketika neneknya menelponnya.
2. Rendi dan Yani sedang membersihkan kamarnya ketika bibinya datang kemarin.
3. Saya sedang menyiapkan makanan untuk Rafa ketika tukang post datang tadi pagi.
4. Mereka sedang bermain sepak bola ketika kepala sekolah datang ke kelas mereka minggu lalu.
5. Ibu sedang memasak ketika telpon berbunyi jam 8 tadi pagi.
Exercise 5 : Pasr Perfect Tense
1. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.
2. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur.
3. Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.

4. Toni tidak berada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.
Exercise 6 : Past Perfect Cntinuous Tense.
1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang menakutkan.
2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti.
3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki berteriak.
4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam.
5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi.
Exercise 7 : Simple Future Tense.
1. Nia dan Dona akan pergi ke Pasar besok sore.
2. Tina dan Tita akan menghadiri perayaan pernikahan Eva nanti malam.
3. Saya akan menulis lagu cinta untuk Dona.
4. Guru akan menghukum murid-murid yang terlambat.
5. Fadhli akan mengendarai sepeda motor barunya.
Exercise 8 : Future Continuous Tense.
Latihan : terjemahkan kalimat ini kedalam bahasa Inggris
1.George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi.
2.Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti.
3.Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam.
4.Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam.
5.Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam.

Exercise 9 : Future Perfect Tense
1.John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini.
2.Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini.
3.Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya.
4.Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini.
Exercise 10 : Future Perfect Continuous Tense
1.Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa Inggris selama tiga tahun.
2.Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun.
3.Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali.
4.Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa.
Exercise 11 : Simple Past Future Tense
1.Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu.
2.Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan.
3.Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa.
4.Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa Inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri.
5.Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus.
Exercise 12 : Past Future Continuous Tense.
1.Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu.
2.Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu.
3.Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola waktu itu.
Exercise 13 : Past Future Perfect Tense
1.Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu.
2.Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan begitu sulit.
3.Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello.

4.Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu.
5.Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatnya.
Exercise 14 : Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
1.Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada waktunya.
2.Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang.
3.Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak makanan itu.

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