Based on public information but has not been updated since I left Intel in 2007.May

1. Intel Microprocessors
Dileep Bhandarkar

2. 1971: 4004 Microprocessor
• The 4004 was Intel's
first microprocessor.
This breakthrough
invention powered the
Busicom calculator
and paved the way for
embedding
intelligence in
inanimate objects as
well as the personal
computer.
Introduced November 15, 1971
108 KHz, 50 KIPs , 2300 10m transistors

3. 1972: 8008 Microprocessor
• The 8008 was twice as
powerful as the 4004. A
1974 article in Radio
Electronics referred to a
device called the Mark-8
which used the 8008. The
Mark-8 is known as one
of the first computers for
the home --one that by
today's standards was
difficult to build, maintain
and operate.

4. 1974: 8080 Microprocessor
• The 8080 became the
brains of the first personal
computer--the Altair,
allegedly named for a
destination of the
Starship Enterprise from
the Star Trek television
show. Computer
hobbyists could purchase
a kit for the Altair for
$395. Within months, it
sold tens of thousands,
creating the first PC back
orders in history.

5. 1978: 8086-8088 Microprocessor
• A pivotal sale to IBM's
new personal computer
division made the 8088
the brains of IBM's new
hit product--the IBM PC.
The 8088's success
propelled Intel into the
ranks of the Fortune 500,
and Fortune magazine
named the company one
of the "Business
Triumphs of the
Seventies."

6. 1982: 286 Microprocessor
• The Intel 286, originally
known as the 80286, was
the first Intel processor
that could run all the
software written for its
predecessor. This
software compatibility
remains a hallmark of
Intel's family of
microprocessors. Within 6
years of its release, an
estimated 15 million 286-
based personal
computers were installed
around the world.

7. 1985: Intel386™ Microprocessor
• The Intel386™
microprocessor
featured 275,000
transistors--more than
100 times as many as
the original 4004. It
was a Intel’s first 32-
bit chip.

8. 1989: Intel486™ DX CPU
Microprocessor
• The Intel486™ processor
generation really meant you go
from a command-level
computer into point-and-click
computing. "I could have a
color computer for the first time
and do desktop publishing at a
significant speed," recalls
technology historian David K.
Allison of the Smithsonian's
National Museum of American
History. The Intel486™
processor was the first to offer
a built-in math coprocessor,
which speeds up computing
because it offloads complex
math functions from the central
processor.

9. 1993: Intel® Pentium® Processor
• The Intel Pentium® processor
allowed computers to more
easily incorporate "real world"
data such as speech, sound,
handwriting and photographic
images. The Intel Pentium
brand, mentioned in the
comics and on television talk
shows, became a household
word soon after introduction.
• 22 March 1993
• 66 MHz
• 3.1 M transistors
• 0.8µ

10. P6
1995: Intel® Pentium® Pro
Processor
• Intel® Pentium® Pro processor
was designed to fuel 32-bit
server and workstation
applications, enabling fast
computer-aided design,
mechanical engineering and
scientific computation. Each
Intel® Pentium Pro processor
is packaged together with a
second speed-enhancing
cache memory chip. The
powerful Pentium® Pro
processor boasts 5.5 million
transistors.
• 1 November 1995
• 200 MHz
• 0.35µ
• 1st x86 to implement out of
order execution.

11. P55C
1997: Intel® Pentium® Processor
with MMX™ Technology
• 8 January 1997
• 0.35µ
• 200 MHz
• 4.5M transistors

12. Klamath
1997: Intel® Pentium® II
Processor
• The 7.5 million-transistor
Intel® Pentium II processor
incorporates Intel® MMX™
technology, which is designed
specifically to process video,
audio and graphics data
efficiently. It was introduced in
innovative Single Edge
Contact (S.E.C) Cartridge that
also incorporated a high-speed
cache memory chip.
• 7 May 1997
• 0.25µ
• 300 - 450 MHz
• External L2 cache

13. 1998: Intel® Pentium II Xeon
Processor
• The Intel® Pentium II Xeon processors
were designed to meet the
performance requirements of mid-
range and higher servers and
workstations. Consistent with Intel's
strategy to deliver unique processor
products targeted for specific markets
segments, the Intel® Pentium II Xeon
processors feature technical
innovations specifically designed for
workstations and servers that utilize
demanding business applications such
as Internet services, corporate data
warehousing, digital content creation,
and electronic and mechanical design
automation. Systems based on the
processor can be configured to scale
to four or eight processors and
beyond.

14. Mendocino
1999: Intel® Celeron® Processor
• Continuing Intel's strategy
of developing processors
for specific market
segments, the Intel®
Celeron® processor was
designed for the value PC
market segment.
• First integrated L2 cache
-128 KB
• 19M transistors
• 300 MHz
• 0.25µ
• 24 August 1998

15. Katmai
1999: Intel® Pentium® III
Processor
• The Intel® Pentium® III processor
features 70 new instructions--
Internet Streaming SIMD
Extensions -- that dramatically
enhance the performance of
advanced imaging, 3-D, streaming
audio, video and speech
recognition applications. It was
designed to significantly enhance
Internet experiences, allowing
users to do such things as browse
through realistic online museums
and stores and download high-
quality video. The processor
incorporates 9.5 million
transistors, and was introduced
using 0.25-micron technology.
• 26 Feb 1999
• 500 MHz

16. Tanner
1999: Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™
Processor
• The Intel® Pentium III Xeon™
processor extends Intel's offerings
to the workstation and server
market segments, providing
additional performance for e-
Commerce applications and
advanced business computing.
The processors incorporate the
Intel® Pentium III processor's 70
SIMD instructions, which enhance
multimedia and streaming video
applications. The Intel® Pentium
III Xeon processor's advance
cache technology speeds
information from the system bus to
the processor, significantly
boosting performance. It is
designed for systems with
multiprocessor configurations.

17. Coppermine
1999: Intel® Pentium® III
Processor – 0.18µ
• 25 Oct 1999
• Integrated 256KB L2
cache
• 733 MHz
• 28 M transistors
• First Intel
microprocessor to hit
1 GHz on 8-Mar-2000

18. Cascades
2000: Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™
Processor
• Intel's Pentium III Xeon
processors were specially
designed to meet the
scalability, availability and
manageability needs of
the server market
segment.
• 22 May 2000
• 145M transistors
• 2 MB integrated L2 cache
• 0.18µ

19. Willamette
2000: Intel® Pentium® 4
Processor – 0.18µ
• The processor debuted with 42
million transistors and circuit lines
of 0.18 microns, 29 years after
Intel's first microprocessor. The
Intel® Pentium® 4 processor's
initial speed was 1.5 GigaHertz. If
automobile speed had increased
similarly over the same period, you
could now drive from San
Francisco to New York in about 13
seconds.
• 20 Nov 2002
• 256K integrated L2 cache
• Double clocked inner core
• 100 MHz quad pumped bus
• Hit 2 GHz on 27 Aug 2001
• Simultaneous Multi-threading

20. Tualatin
2001: Intel® Pentium® III
Processor – 0.13µ

21. Northwood
2001: Intel® Pentium® 4
Processor – 0.13µ
• 27 August 2001
• 55 million transistors
• 2 GHz
• 512KB L2 cache
• 14 Nov 2002: 3.06
GHz
• 23 June 2003: 3.2
GHz

22. Merced
2001: Intel® Itanium™ Processor
• The Itanium™ processor is the
first in a family of 64-bit
products from Intel. Designed
for high-end, enterprise-class
servers and workstations, the
processor was built from the
ground up with an entirely new
architecture based on Intel's
Explicitly Parallel Instruction
Computing (EPIC) design
technology. May 2001
• 800 MHz
• 25M transistors
• 0.18µ
• External L3 cache

23. Foster
2002: Intel® Xeon™ MP
Processor
• 12 March 2002
• 1.6 GHz
• 1MB L3 cache
• 108 M transistors
• 0.18µ

24. McKinley
2002: Intel® Itanium™ 2
Processor - 0.18µ
• The Itanium™ 2 processor is the
second member of the Itanium
processor family, a line of
enterprise-class processors. The
family brings outstanding
performance and the volume
economics of the Intel®
Architecture to the most data-
intensive, business-critical and
technical computing applications.
It provides leading performance
for databases, computer-aided
engineering, secure online
transactions, and more.
• 8 July 2002
• 1 GHz
• 221 M transistors
• 3 MB L3 cache

25. Madison
2002: Intel® Itanium™ 2
Processor - 0.13µ
• 30 June 2003
• 1.5 GHz
• 6 MB L3 cache
• 410 M transistors

26. Banias
2003: Intel® Pentium® M
Processor
• The first Intel® Pentium® M
processor, the Intel® 855 chipset
family, and the Intel®
PRO/Wireless 2100 network
connection are the three
components of Intel® Centrino™
mobile technology. Intel Centrino
mobile technology is designed
specifically for portable computing,
with built-in wireless LAN
capability and breakthrough
mobile performance. It enables
extended battery life and thinner,
lighter mobile computers.
• 12 March 2003
• 130 nm
• 1.6 GHz
• 77 million transistors
• 1 MB integrated L2 cache

27. Prescott
2004: Intel® Pentium® 4
Processor – 90 nm
• 1MB L2 cache
• 64-bit extensions
• 120 million transistors
• 3+ GHz frequency

28. Dothan
2004: Intel® Pentium® M
Processor (90 nm)
• Banias shrink with the cache doubled to 2 MB

29. Cedar Mill
2005: Last Netburst Microarchitecture
Core (65nm)
2 MB L2 Cache

30. Yonah
Intel’s 1st Monolithic Dual Core
• January 2006
• Intel® CoreTM Duo
Processor
• 90 mm2
• 151M transistors
• 65 nm
The Core Duo is also famous for being the
first Intel processor to ever be used in
Apple Macintosh computers .

31. Merom
Intel® CoreTM Duo Processor
90 mm2
151M transistors
Intel® CoreTM 2 Duo Processor
143 mm2
291M transistors
• Intel® Wide Dynamic Execution
• Intel® Advanced Digital Media Boost
• Intel® Advanced Smart Cache
• Intel® Smart Memory Access
• Intel® Intelligent Power Capability
• Intel® 64 Architecture

32. Montecito
Itanium 2: First Billion Transistor Dual
Core Chip (90nm)
1MB L2I 2 Way
Multi-threading
Dual-
core
2x12MB L3
Caches Arbiter
1.72 Billion Transistors

33. 2006: Intel® Core™ Micro-architecture
Products
Intel® Wide
Dynamic 14 Stage Pipeline
Execution Server
Intel® Process:
Intelligent 65nm
Power
Capability Die size:
143 mm2
Intel®
Advanced Execution core area: Desktop
Smart Cache 36 mm2
Intel® Smart Transistor count:
Memory 291 M
Access
Execution core
Intel® transistor count:
Advanced 19 M Mobile
Digital Media
Boost
World Class Performance & Energy Efficiency

34. 2006: Tulsa
 Large shared 16M L3
PADS cache
 Two cores on single
die at ≥3 GHz core
CORE
frequency
– Four threads per
processor with HT
16 MBy
on each core
 65nm process
Clock unCore
LLC
technology
 1.3 M transistors
 150 & 95 Watt SKUs
CORE – Intel Cache Safe
Technology
– Intel Virtualization
PADS technology

35. October 2006: The World’s First x86
Quad-Core Processor
4MB 4MB
L2 Cache L2 Cache
Core Core Core Core
1066/1333 MHz

36. Penryn Dual Core Die Photo
6 MB L2
Cache
45 nm next generation Intel® CoreTM2 family processor
410 million transistors for dual core, 820 million for quad core
World’s first working 45 nm CPU
Production in the 2H’07

37. Moore’s Law in Action:
Microprocessors Advance
1.0µm 0.8µm 0.6µm 0.35µm 0.25µm 0.18µm 0.13µm 90nm 65nm
Intel 486™
Processor
Pentium®
Processor
Pentium® II/III
Processor
Pentium® 4
Processor
Intel® CoreTM Duo
Processor
Intel® CoreTM 2 Duo
Processor
Source: Intel