14. What Goes on at a Refinery. . .?
• Separation of components by distillation, e.g.:
Atmospheric
Vacuum
Hydrotreating (uses excess hydrogen)
• Breaking apart molecules to make smaller ones, e.g.:
catalytic cracking
hydrocracking
• Joining molecules to make bigger ones, e.g.:
Reforming - alkylation that lengthens the hydrocarbon
chain
Reforming - cyclic that generates hydrogen
15. Physical Hazards
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High Pressure/Temperature Steam
Oil/Gas-Fired Furnaces
Acoustic
High Voltage (4160V, 480V, 13.2 kV)
Falling Hazards
Confined Space Hazards
Cranes/Lifting Hazards
Hot Work Hazards
Acid Exposure
Toxic Vapors
Radiation
Flammability Hazards
16.
17. Common PPE Requirements
• Hardhat
• Hardsoled / Hardtoe Shoes
• Safety Glasses with Side
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•
Protection
Safety Goggles or Faceshield
Fire-Resistant Clothing
18. Process Hazards
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Emergency Flare
Atmospheric Pressure Relief
High Temperature (up to 2000oF)
Low Temperature (e.g., Brittle
Fracture)
• High Pressure (up to 3000 psig)
• Low Pressure (e.g., vacuum)