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Earth Systems and Resources
- 2. Earth Science EARTH SCIENCE Time scales, Earth structure, Tectonic Plate Theory
- 3. Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Two time scales Radiometric Based on natural radioactivity of chemicals in rocks Relative Based on sequence of layering of rocks and evolution of life.
- 4. Earth Science Time Eons Eras Periods Epochs Stage
- 5. Earth Science Earth Structure 4.6billion years ago. 3 Sections Biosphere – All forms of life Hydrosphere – All forms of water Internal Structure – Crust, mantle, core
- 7. Earth Science Tectonic Plate Theory Continental Drift Continents were once Pangaea Similar rock layers with similar fossils Seafloor Spreading Magnetic rock patterns found on either side of ocean ridges Explains mountains, volcanoes, earthquakes
- 10. Atmosphere Atmospheric Components Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% CO2 .035% Other >1%
- 11. Atmosphere Zones Troposphere Closest to Earth Convection Currents Stratosphere Less dense Contains most Ozone Mesophere Thermosphere Heated by solar and cosmic radiation
- 13. Atmosphere Rain Shadow Effect Clouds release moisture as they rise, windward side of mountains receive rainfall, leeward side does not and becomes desert. Places with high level of precipitation also have high levels of atmospheric circulation. Includes regions with colliding air masses, windward side mountains, around equator
- 14. Atmosphere Kyoto Protocol 1997 160 countries agree to reduce greenhouse gas levels by 2012 to below 1990 levels Has been signed by all industrialized countries except Monaco, Liechtenstein, Australia, and United States Poor countries are exempt to encourage development
- 15. Atmosphere Coriolis Effect Deflection of objects in a rotating frame Wind patterns Ocean currents
- 16. Earth’s Water Resource Use
- 17. Water Distribution 97.6% of all water is oceanic saltwater Freshwater is not easily found 87.2% of freshwater is in glaciers/ice caps 12% is groundwater .8% is surface water 45.7% is in lakes/reservoirs 23.8% in soil moisture 23.8% in plants and animals 4.8% in atmosphere 1.3% in wetlands .6% in rivers and streams
- 18. Water
- 19. Water Usage 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% Water Use 30% 20% 10% 0% Agriculture Industry
- 20. Water Shortages 1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water 2.6 billion people don’t adequate sanitation Future wars will be fought over water rather than oil.
- 21. Water Dams Pros Stores water Generates renewable power Cons Structure failure is disastrous Displaces people and wildlife Kills fish Sediment limits reservoir life
- 22. Water Increasing Water Supplies Desalination Conservation Recycling Policies which encourage conservation
- 23. Soil Soil
- 24. Soil Soil Characteristics Thintop layer of the Earth’s surface Basic natural resource Holds nutrients and water for plants and animals Water is filtered and cleansed as it flows through soil
- 25. Soil Soil Composition Three main ingredients Minerals of different sizes (sand, silt and clay) Organic materials from dead organisms Open space Good soil has 45% minerals, 5% organic matter, 25% air, and 25% water.
- 26. Soil Soil Development Soildevelops in response to several factors: Parent Material Climate Living Organisms Topography
- 28. Soil Rock Cycle Three main categories of rock include: Metamorphic Slate and marble Igneous Granite and basalt Sedimentary Sandstone, shale, and limestone
- 29. Soil