8 business cycles

So far……… ,[object Object],[object Object]

Dynamics of Income Movements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Business Cycles ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

Generalising… ,[object Object]

A Typical Business Cycle Number of Years Level of Business Activity P M depression boom recession prosperity recovery X Y O

Depression ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recovery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Prosperity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Boom ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recession ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Classification of Business Cycles Prof. James Estey

Major & Minor Cycles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Building Cycles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Kondratieff Cycles or Long Waves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sunspot theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Psychological theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Overproduction theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Over-saving theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Innovation theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Monetary theory ,[object Object],[object Object]

Theories of Business Cycles ,[object Object]

Multiplier ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Accelerator ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acceleration principle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Two relationships… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Generation of Business Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multiplier Period Initial Outlay Induced Consumption Induced Net Investment Total increase in NY 1 Rs.10 0 0 Rs. 10 2 Rs.10 Rs. 5 Rs. 10 Rs. 25 3 Rs.10 Rs. 12.5 Rs. 15 Rs. 37.5 4 Rs.10 Rs. 18.75 Rs. 12.5 Rs. 41.25 5 Rs.10 Rs. 20.62 Rs. 3.74 Rs. 34.36 6 Rs.10 Rs. 17.18 Rs. – 6.88 Rs.20.3 7 Rs.10 Rs. 10.15 Rs. – 14.06 Rs. 6.09 8 Rs.10 Rs. 3.05 Rs. –14.20 Rs. –1.15 9 Rs.10 Rs. - 0.58 Rs. – 7.27 Rs. 2.15 10 Rs.10 Rs. 1.07 Rs. 3.32 Rs. 14.39 11 Rs.10 Rs. 7.20 Rs. 12.25 Rs. 29.44

Methods to Control Business Cycles

Monetary Policy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fiscal Policy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Automatic Stabilizers ,[object Object]

8 business cycles

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8 business cycles