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TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
        T C P / I P...
     Internet transport Services...
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     TCP ---> Transmission
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      Control Protocol.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     I P ---> Internet
TCP/IPProtocol. TCP/IP TCP
       TCP/IP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
            TCP / IP
       TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                05E0G2E6FG60F

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
   ¢Provides Multiplexing services
    permitting the transmission of
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    information to any one of a
    number of application residing on
TCP/IP addressed host.
    the  TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
          TCP 05E0G2E6FG60F
                 / IP
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    ¢More full featured protocol,
     providing reliable delivery of
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     information stream
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
             TCP / IP
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                    05E0G2E6FG60F


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
   ¢With a layered architectre
    TCP/IP suite can be understood
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    as a set of discreet components.
   ¢Deals with communicationns
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
    among hetrogenous computers.
TCP/IP TCP/IPend data transfer
   ¢reliable end to TCP/IP TCP
    service.
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
             TCP / IP
       TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                05E0G2E6FG60F

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
  ¢Ressambly of the packets can occure

   either within a local network or at
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
   the recieving end.
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP...
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                  History..
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
   ¢Originally developed in 1970's as

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     a U.S. goverment
   Advaced Research Project Agency
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     ( ARPA ), reseaech and
     developement project.
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
             TCP / IP
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                  05E0G2E6FG60F


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     ¢TCP / IP has matured to become
      the backbone of the Information
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
      Superhighway.
TCP/IP TCP/IPprovide connections
     ¢Developed to
                     TCP/IP TCP
      to systems world-wide helping to
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IPinto
      bring the information age TCP
      reality.
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
            TCP / IP
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                  05E0G2E6FG60F


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    ¢Byte oriented stream protocol
    ¢Information acknowledgement

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     based on acknowledgement of
     individual bytes in the stream
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     rater than complete packet.
    ¢Automatically adjust to
TCP/IP TCP/IPthe communication
     differences in TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     channels.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
        TCP / IP....
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
   ¢Sliding window acknowledgement
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     scheme controls the orderly
     dlivery of information
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
             TCP / IP
       TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
      Sliding Window Protocol..
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
   Effective in the cases where the bit
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    size (a ) is greater than the frame
    length ( l ),
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
              a  l.
   Used to allow multiple frames to be
TCP/IP TCP/IPtime.
    in transit at one TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
      Sliding Window depiction
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                                         window of frames that may
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
 Frames already recieved                      be transmitted


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
       0   1   2   3 4   5   6   7   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7




TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
                   Last frame
                   acknowledged

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
    Recievers perspective
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
      Sliding Window depiction
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
      Frames already transmitted
          0   1 2 3     4 5 6       7 0   1 2   3 4   5 6

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I       Window of frames that may be
                              transmitted.

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
Frame sequence numbers


TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
                 Last frame transmitted




TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
 Transmitter's perspective
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
          TCP/IP..
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                 NETWORK SERVICES

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     ¢Provides the smarts required to

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
      identify the computers and
      subnetworks that Recieve and
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      Transmit PACKETS

TCP/IPIncludes Packet addressingTCP
     ¢
        TCP/IP TCP/IP and
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      routing of traffic between the
      system.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
           TCP/IP
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                  INTERNET PROTOCOL

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    • Help identify the most
      appropriate route for each packet
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
      in the network.
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
    • IP uses a 32-bit address field that
TCP/IP TCP/IPinto as many as
      can be divided TCP/IP TCP
      four 8-bit fields that are used to
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      describe the network.
TCP/IP..
               TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                           INTERNET PROTOCOL
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
               DIRECT STATION ADDRESS FORMAT
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
  CLASS  A

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
high-order eight bits are
used to describe the network.
                                CLASS B

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
               high-order 16 bits define Network
               low-order 16 bits define the host.
                                                      CLASS C


TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
          High-order 21 bits define the subnetwork and the Low-
          order eight bits define the specific hosts.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
          TCP/IP..
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                 INTERNET PROTOCOL..
    ¢Provides Fragmentation and
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     Ressambly services.
    ¢Includes service that Split each
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     packet into two or
      more packets that are
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     subsequently routed through
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      the network.
    ¢Ressambly of the packets can
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     occure either within a local
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
       TCP/IP....
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP                          DHCP

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
Telnet        FTP     SMPT     SNMP     TFTP
                                                BOOTP


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
      TCP                  UDP

                                       RIP
         IP              UCMP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP                       OSPF
 ARP     RARP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
    Ethernet        Serial Protocols
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
FIGURE: Internet Protocol Suite Architecture.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
      TCP/IP...
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
              LINK SERVICES...........



TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    ¢At this level the internet Protocols
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     need only to provide delivery of
     completed packets.
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
    ¢Used where Reliability is
     required..
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
        TCP/IP...
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
              LINK SERVICES...........


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    ¢Standards for exchange of internet

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    traffic have been developed for,
TCP/IPEthernet, Serial Lines, TCP
          TCP/IP TCP/IP
        Token Ring LANs,
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
         ATM, ISD and others.

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
            TCP/IP...
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     • In the UNIX community, the IP
       (Internet Protocol)is often used
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
       for local area networking even if
       it is not connected to a larger
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
       network.
     • It is common for a site to use
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
       TCP/IP for communication over a
       local Ethernet.
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
          TCP/IP...
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                      features

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     ¢Open protocol standards.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     ¢Freely Available.
     ¢Develops independently from any
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      specific computer hardware or
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      operating system.

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
         TCP/IP..          Features
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     ¢Ideal for Uniting different
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
      hardware and software even if
      you dont communicate over the
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      internet.

TCP/IPTCP/IP Integrates many different
     ¢ TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      kind of networks.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
          TCP/IP.....
                           features
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
    ¢Can be run over a ,
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
                      * ETHERNET,
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
                      * TOKEN RING,
                      * A DIAL-UP-
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPLINE,
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
                      * AN X.25, and
     virtually any other kind of
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     Physical Transmission Media.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
              TCP/IP...
                           features
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
    ¢Has a common addressing
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     scheme that allows any TCP/IP
     device to uniquely address any
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     other device in the entire
     Network, even the WWW.
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IPhigh level Protocols
    ¢Standardised TCP/IP TCP
     for consistent widely available
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     user service.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
            TCP/IP...
                          features
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
    ¢Has a common addressing
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     scheme that allows any TCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     device to uniquely address any
     other device in the entire
     Network, even the WWW.
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IPhigh level Protocols
    ¢Standardised TCP/IP TCP
     for consistent widely available
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     user service.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                    4
                         APPLICATION LAYER
                           APPLICATION AND PROCESS
                               4

     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP    THAT USE THE NETWORK
                        HOST-TO-HOST TRANSPORT LAYER.

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
                    3     PROVIDES END-TO-END DATA
                          DELIVERY SERVICE

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
                    2
                         INTERNET LAYER
                           DEFINES THE DATAGRAM AND
                           HANDLES THE ROUTING OF
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP   NETWORK ACCESS LAYER

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
                     1        CONSIST OF ROUTING FOR
                              ACCESSING PHYSICAL NET-

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP      WORK.
Pictorial representation of the Layers in the TCP/IP protocol
hierarchy
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
       TCP/IP...
              NETWORK ACCESS LAYER..
       TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     ¢Contains Protocols that provide
      access to a communication
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
      Network.

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     ¢Protocols at this layer are

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      between communications
       node and an attached host or its
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      logical equivalent.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
          TCP/IP...
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
               NETWORK ACCESS LAYER...


TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    ¢Functions of all the protocols is to
     Route Data between hosts
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     attached to the same Network.
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
    ¢Deals with Flow Control and
TCP/IP TCP/IP between hosts.
     Error Control TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP ....
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
                internet layer.....
       TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    ¢ Consist of procedures required

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     to allow data to traverse multiple
     Networks between the Hosts..
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
    ¢This Protocol is usually
     implemented within hosts and
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     Gateways.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
      TCP/IP.....
         HOST TO HOST LAYER...
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
  ¢Contains Protocol entities with
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
   the aility to deliver data between
   two processes on different host
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
   computers.

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  ¢Provides logical connection
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
   between higher-level entities.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
      TCP/IP.....
         HOST TO HOST LAYER...
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
   ¢Logical connections are used to
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    exchange data between the
    ultimate endpoints (processes).
TCP/IP TCP/IPcontrol and the
   ¢error and Flow
                       TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
    ability to deal with
     control signals not associated
TCP/IP logical data connections. TCP
    with TCP/IP TCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
     TCP/IP.....
          HOST TO HOST LAYER...
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
     ¢Four general Protocols are
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
      seemed to be needed in this level:

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
               * Reliable Connection-
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
      oriented Data Protocol.
TCP/IP TCP/IP datagram Protocol,
               * A TCP/IP TCP
               * A Speech Protocol,
TCP/IP TCP/IPreal time DataTCP
               *A
                    TCP/IP
Communications Using The TCP/IP Protocol
                  Architecture.


          HOST                               HOST
 O                                                     O
 p applications                           applications p
  e                                                     e
  r                                                     r
      TCP                                    TCP       a
 a
 t                                                     t
 i      IP                                    IP       i
 n                                                     n
    Network                                Network     g
 g Access 1            ROUTER               Access 2
sys                                                   sys
                           IP
                       NAP1 NAP2        subnet
     subnetwork
        1                                 2
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
         TCP/IP....
               OPERATIONS..
      TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    ¢A Network Access Protocol like
     the Token ring is used to connect
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
     a computer to the subnetwork.
    ¢The Protocol enables the Host to
TCP/IP TCP/IPthe subnetwork,
     send data acros  TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     to a Router.

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
          TCP/IP...
               operation ....
     TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    ¢IP is implemented in all of the
     end systems and the Routers.
TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I
    ¢It acts as a Relay to move a block

TCP/IPdatamore routers, tothrough
     of TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     one or
             from one Host,
                              another
TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
     Host.

TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP

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06tcpip

  • 1. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP T C P / I P... Internet transport Services... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I TCP ---> Transmission TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Control Protocol. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I I P ---> Internet TCP/IPProtocol. TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 2. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP / IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP 05E0G2E6FG60F TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Provides Multiplexing services permitting the transmission of TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I information to any one of a number of application residing on TCP/IP addressed host. the TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 3. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP 05E0G2E6FG60F / IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢More full featured protocol, providing reliable delivery of TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I information stream TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 4. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP / IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP 05E0G2E6FG60F TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢With a layered architectre TCP/IP suite can be understood TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I as a set of discreet components. ¢Deals with communicationns TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP among hetrogenous computers. TCP/IP TCP/IPend data transfer ¢reliable end to TCP/IP TCP service. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 5. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP / IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP 05E0G2E6FG60F TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Ressambly of the packets can occure either within a local network or at TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP the recieving end. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 6. TCP/IP... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP History.. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Originally developed in 1970's as TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I a U.S. goverment Advaced Research Project Agency TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP ( ARPA ), reseaech and developement project. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 7. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP / IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP 05E0G2E6FG60F TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢TCP / IP has matured to become the backbone of the Information TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I Superhighway. TCP/IP TCP/IPprovide connections ¢Developed to TCP/IP TCP to systems world-wide helping to TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IPinto bring the information age TCP reality. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 8. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP / IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP 05E0G2E6FG60F TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Byte oriented stream protocol ¢Information acknowledgement TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I based on acknowledgement of individual bytes in the stream TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP rater than complete packet. ¢Automatically adjust to TCP/IP TCP/IPthe communication differences in TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP channels.
  • 9. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP / IP.... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Sliding window acknowledgement TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I scheme controls the orderly dlivery of information TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 10. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP / IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP Sliding Window Protocol.. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I Effective in the cases where the bit TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I size (a ) is greater than the frame length ( l ), TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP a l. Used to allow multiple frames to be TCP/IP TCP/IPtime. in transit at one TCP/IP TCP
  • 11. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP Sliding Window depiction TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP window of frames that may TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I Frames already recieved be transmitted TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Last frame acknowledged TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Recievers perspective TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 12. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP Sliding Window depiction TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I Frames already transmitted 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I Window of frames that may be transmitted. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Frame sequence numbers TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Last frame transmitted TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Transmitter's perspective
  • 13. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP.. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP NETWORK SERVICES TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Provides the smarts required to TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I identify the computers and subnetworks that Recieve and TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Transmit PACKETS TCP/IPIncludes Packet addressingTCP ¢ TCP/IP TCP/IP and TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP routing of traffic between the system.
  • 14. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP INTERNET PROTOCOL TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I • Help identify the most appropriate route for each packet TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I in the network. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP • IP uses a 32-bit address field that TCP/IP TCP/IPinto as many as can be divided TCP/IP TCP four 8-bit fields that are used to TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP describe the network.
  • 15. TCP/IP.. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP INTERNET PROTOCOL TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP DIRECT STATION ADDRESS FORMAT TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I CLASS A TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP high-order eight bits are used to describe the network. CLASS B TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP high-order 16 bits define Network low-order 16 bits define the host. CLASS C TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP High-order 21 bits define the subnetwork and the Low- order eight bits define the specific hosts.
  • 16. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP.. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP INTERNET PROTOCOL.. ¢Provides Fragmentation and TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I Ressambly services. ¢Includes service that Split each TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I packet into two or more packets that are TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP subsequently routed through TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP the network. ¢Ressambly of the packets can TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP occure either within a local
  • 17. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP.... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP DHCP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I Telnet FTP SMPT SNMP TFTP BOOTP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I TCP UDP RIP IP UCMP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP OSPF ARP RARP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Ethernet Serial Protocols TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP FIGURE: Internet Protocol Suite Architecture.
  • 18. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP LINK SERVICES........... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢At this level the internet Protocols TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I need only to provide delivery of completed packets. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP ¢Used where Reliability is required.. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 19. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP LINK SERVICES........... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Standards for exchange of internet TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I traffic have been developed for, TCP/IPEthernet, Serial Lines, TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP Token Ring LANs, TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP ATM, ISD and others. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 20. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I • In the UNIX community, the IP (Internet Protocol)is often used TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I for local area networking even if it is not connected to a larger TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP network. • It is common for a site to use TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP for communication over a local Ethernet. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 21. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP features TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Open protocol standards. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Freely Available. ¢Develops independently from any TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP specific computer hardware or TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP operating system. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 22. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP.. Features TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Ideal for Uniting different TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I hardware and software even if you dont communicate over the TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP internet. TCP/IPTCP/IP Integrates many different ¢ TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP kind of networks.
  • 23. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP..... features TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP ¢Can be run over a , TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I * ETHERNET, TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I * TOKEN RING, * A DIAL-UP- TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCPLINE, TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP * AN X.25, and virtually any other kind of TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Physical Transmission Media.
  • 24. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP... features TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP ¢Has a common addressing TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I scheme that allows any TCP/IP device to uniquely address any TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I other device in the entire Network, even the WWW. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IPhigh level Protocols ¢Standardised TCP/IP TCP for consistent widely available TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP user service.
  • 25. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP... features TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP ¢Has a common addressing TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I scheme that allows any TCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I device to uniquely address any other device in the entire Network, even the WWW. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IPhigh level Protocols ¢Standardised TCP/IP TCP for consistent widely available TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP user service.
  • 26. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP 4 APPLICATION LAYER APPLICATION AND PROCESS 4 TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP THAT USE THE NETWORK HOST-TO-HOST TRANSPORT LAYER. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I 3 PROVIDES END-TO-END DATA DELIVERY SERVICE TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I 2 INTERNET LAYER DEFINES THE DATAGRAM AND HANDLES THE ROUTING OF TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP NETWORK ACCESS LAYER TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP 1 CONSIST OF ROUTING FOR ACCESSING PHYSICAL NET- TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP WORK. Pictorial representation of the Layers in the TCP/IP protocol hierarchy
  • 27. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP... NETWORK ACCESS LAYER.. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Contains Protocols that provide access to a communication TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I Network. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP ¢Protocols at this layer are TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP between communications node and an attached host or its TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP logical equivalent.
  • 28. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP NETWORK ACCESS LAYER... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Functions of all the protocols is to Route Data between hosts TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I attached to the same Network. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP ¢Deals with Flow Control and TCP/IP TCP/IP between hosts. Error Control TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 29. TCP/IP .... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP internet layer..... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢ Consist of procedures required TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I to allow data to traverse multiple Networks between the Hosts.. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP ¢This Protocol is usually implemented within hosts and TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Gateways.
  • 30. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP..... HOST TO HOST LAYER... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Contains Protocol entities with TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I the aility to deliver data between two processes on different host TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP computers. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP ¢Provides logical connection TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP between higher-level entities.
  • 31. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP..... HOST TO HOST LAYER... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢Logical connections are used to TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I exchange data between the ultimate endpoints (processes). TCP/IP TCP/IPcontrol and the ¢error and Flow TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP ability to deal with control signals not associated TCP/IP logical data connections. TCP with TCP/IP TCP/IP
  • 32. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP..... HOST TO HOST LAYER... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP ¢Four general Protocols are TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I seemed to be needed in this level: TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I * Reliable Connection- TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP oriented Data Protocol. TCP/IP TCP/IP datagram Protocol, * A TCP/IP TCP * A Speech Protocol, TCP/IP TCP/IPreal time DataTCP *A TCP/IP
  • 33. Communications Using The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture. HOST HOST O O p applications applications p e e r r TCP TCP a a t t i IP IP i n n Network Network g g Access 1 ROUTER Access 2 sys sys IP NAP1 NAP2 subnet subnetwork 1 2
  • 34. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP.... OPERATIONS.. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢A Network Access Protocol like the Token ring is used to connect TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I a computer to the subnetwork. ¢The Protocol enables the Host to TCP/IP TCP/IPthe subnetwork, send data acros TCP/IP TCP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP to a Router. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP
  • 35. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IP... operation .... TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢IP is implemented in all of the end systems and the Routers. TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/I ¢It acts as a Relay to move a block TCP/IPdatamore routers, tothrough of TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP one or from one Host, another TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP Host. TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP