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Turzo etiology spreecast
1. I am an osteopathic physician and what is that?? Well it start with a man named AT Still was an MD
born in 1828 and lived in Missouri. At that the medicine we had was considered crude and
included blood letting and giving small doses of poisons. Antibiotics were not discovered yet. Dr.
Still had lost many of his family members to various illness and he began to question what was
missing in his medical training. AT Still was also trained as an engineer and a minister. He began
to look at the human body from his mechanical perspective and saw that it’s a whole functioning
unit with the individual parts forming in a specific shape to create a specific function. Like a bridge
has a specific form to hold the function of carrying cars across. So when a pateint had pneumonia
he started assessing rib movement under the theory that the structure/function of the ribs are
related to the function of the lungs. He began to get fabulous results with his patients. He named
the method of which he treated the body with his hands Osteopathy and began the first school in
1892. Talk about Upledger teaching out of Michigan State Univeristy started “cranio sacral
therapy” in 1983. Talk about difference
2. Philosophy of
Osteopathy
Body is a functioning unit.
The body possess a self regulatory
mechanism, having the inherent capacity to
heal itself.
Structure and Function are reciprocally
interrelated.
3. As The Twig Bends
The Tree Grows
AT Still said “as the twig bends the tree grow.” So when treating
children we are looking at the forces that bend the little twig.
Dysfunctional breathing, swallowing, chewing, birth injuries,
childhood falls are just a few of the dysfunctions. The body will
contort itself to breath and be well oxygenated. Just like a plant will
bend and grow towards the light.
4. (1)We have talked about the development of the cranium and face
from embryo into adulthood and we have a sense of some of the
dynamics that play a part in growth. Joy has introduced us to some of
the myofunctional components that affect growth. We have been
introduced to the ideas and palpatory feel of the importance of the
swallow. Now we are going to talk more about some of the influences
that can affect facial growth.
5. (37) Paloma before side view. It’s and underdeveloped maxilla. Talk
about what the traditional treatment is.
6. (38)Paloma (11-07) present cases from Jim of under bite. This is an
example of an underdeveloped mandible. Causes genetic, mandible
from german father and maxilla from asian mother. Fluid field lesion
in maxilla. Restriction to anterior growth of the middle face or
anterior cranial fossa, trauma to forehead, or nose, or maxilla
9. T
eam Approach to Facial
Development
Team approach.... it’s takes a village to raise a child... many of us
have had this experience. It also takes a team of a functional dentist,
osteopath and myofunctional therapist to most efficient treat facial
dysfunction's.
10. Dr. Darick Norstrom... tell story of the ALF. How it was created and intended to be used. What do the osteopath do.... remove obstacles... soften the
tissue so the appliance can work in the dentist most predictable ways. Diagnosis and treat underlying issues such as pelvic asymmetries, cervical
somatic dysfunction's. Also assure that the adjustments are biocompatible with the patient.
(21) Darick and I treating-Teamwork. We are using the ALF to enhancing and stimulate growth of the face which is also augmenting inherent motion.
Coming from the parts for a dentist would be simply looking at teeth and how they are aligned in relationship to each other. Looking at the disease in a
tooth and not assessing the movement of the soft tissue in the mouth. Not taking into account the dynamic movement of the TMJ or the functioning of
the swallow or an assessment of breathing or the asymmetries of the face or the birth and trauma histories to the head.
To come from the part for an Osteopath is the treat the body without awareness and skill to assess the motions created by the teeth coming together in
occlusion and its affect on the whole body. Coming from the part for an osteopath would be to be aware of the somatic dysfunction in the neck and not to
check how the bite plays into the dysfunction or not. To be aware of cranial somatic dysfunctions and not to see how the occlusion plays a part of the
dysfunction.
The Osteopath needs to have the skills to look into the mouth and put together what they see in the mouth with what they feel. We can learn how to
describe what we feel to dentist. We can learn how to evaluate swallow and breathing and feel the affects on the palate and the whole. We can learn
how to feel individual teeth and treat them.
Dentist could develop basic palpatory skills that would give them more feedback about the forces that are being introduced into the palate and cranium.
By having the skills to assess the dynamics soft tissue movements the dentist will have a wider understanding of why a particular force introduced onto
the teeth will create a certain responds.
11. Myofunctional Therapy
(24) Myofunctional therapy- Talk about value of working with a
functional facial specialist. Example of Gabriel and father-finishing
the case. Talk about Michaela
12. Natures Intent
(2) We start with always looking at the health. We must have an intimate relationship with Health, Nature to
be able to feel, see, and sense dysfunction. We can only heal from our health, from what is working. So we
started by studying embryology to look at what is Natures intent in terms of the human structure and
function. We study embryology to see and understand natures intent. As osteopaths and functional dentist
we are interested in the process of nature unfolding as seen in growth and development. We need to be able
to see, sense and touch this Health that we work with not only our patient but everywhere in life.
13. Talk about why study the formative forces. The formative forces also
called embryonic functional growth movements are present at birth
and continue to grow a human being. This is what we call inherent
motion. If we develop a close relationship with the embryonic growth
movements we can feel them present and working in a biodynamic
process creating structure and health. If we want to input a force into
the human being it will be most effective if it stimulates inherent
motion. That is to say we would like to augment the embryonic
growth forces to help stimulate growth in a child and an adult.
15. Any insult that disrupts normal growth and development causes facial dysfunction. So, what grows a face? It’s the
interaction between forma dn fucntion again. So the functions of the face including breathing, swallowing, chewing, vision
that grows a face.
(8)Illustrated here, is a neonatal skull enlarged to the same size as a fully grown one. The child face is not merely a
miniature of the adult. Rather, progressive facial enlargement is a “differential” developmental process in which each of
the many component parts mature earlier or later than the others, to different extent in different rates. Here are some
examples, the baby’s face grows out form under the brain. Structures must grow proportionally more and for a longer
period of time the further they are from the neurocranium. Therefore, growth of the mandible begins later and continues
longer than midfacial or orbital development. We also see here that the infant and young child are characterized by a
wide-appearing face which is because of the broad basicranium template, but the face otherwise is vertically short. This is
because the nasal and oral regions are yet diminutive, matching the smallish body and pulmonary parts and with
masticatory development in transition. We see that the face growth predominates in the vertical and horizontal. We see
that the orbits do not change dramatically in size but the mandible does. Most of development occurs in the nasomaxillary
complex and the mandible. The nasomaxillary complex includes the nasal, maxillary, palatines, ptyergoid plates, and
zygoma.
16. Dynamics that
Develop the Face
• Brain Growth
• Swallow
• Breathing
• Chewing
• Vision
(10)now lets talk about dynamic of growth. The functions are what mostly grow a face (hearing, vision,
smell). The functions come in this order.. breathing, swallow and chewing
17. (13) One very influencial cranial growth that affects the face is the growth of the anterior cranial fossa. The
nasomaxillary complex is suspended from the anterior cranial fossa, and the width of the facial airway, the
configuration of the palate and maxillary arch, and the placement of all these parts are influenced by the
length and width of the anterior cranial fossa.
18. Swallowing
(23)sucking and swallow begin in utero but interestingly the swallow that developed in utero is different than
the swallow of a older child and adult and this transition (as we heard from Joy) is vitally important to growth
and development not only of the face but of the cervical, thoracic lumbar and pelvic region. Let’s look more
closely are an infants swallow.
19. Infantile
Swallow
(24)The infantile swallow is characterized by the tongue held between the gum pads while
swallow is completed. The mandible is stabilized by the facial mm (Seventh cranial nerve)
and the interposed tongue. The swallow is initiated by sensory contact of the tongue with
the lips.
20. Mature
Swallow
(26)The characteristic features of the mature swallow are; (1) the teeth are
together with swallow; (2) the mandible is stabilized by the contractions of the
fifth cranial nerve muscles; (3) the tongue tip is held against the palate above
and behind the incisors; and (4) minimal contractions of the lips are seen during
the swallow. (Handbook of Facial Growth p.379) Stabilization by the first molars.
So we have an understanding of the importance of the tongue movement, this
will help create a wide palate. Also, a functional bite will stimulate growth and
functional contractions of the mm of mastication.
21. (29) Here we see the soft palate and again note the proximity of the soft palate to not only the SBS but the
sella turcica which is also dependent on movement for the excretion of it’s hormones. Swallow creates the
augmentation of the motion in the cranium. When the tongue doesn’t contact the palate functionally we do
not get the most efficient draining of the sinuses and the middle ear. We will talk about more about this
later. The function of swallow is a basic driving force for the growth and development of the middle face.
22. (21)pg 104, Again this is the connection between the occiput and the sphenoid the SBS which is dependent
on compression-decompression forces to stimulate growth. It is a cartilaginous structure. Feel with hands
around mastoid process and on vertex. Bite and feel pressure expand on the vertex after biting down. Then
feel swallow and feel pressure on the vertex when swallow. Now that we have a clear understanding that the
cranial base gives the perimeter for facial growth let’s talk about the functions or dynamic that play another
vital role in facial development.
23. Breathing
(30)So we understand that swallowing is a primary function that develops the middle face and maxillary arch.
Let’s look at another function that also helps to develop the middle face. Breathing. It has been said by many
sages that proper breathing is the most fundamental contribution to health. Not only is it vital to life itself
but it plays a very important role in facial development.
24. Breathing
Breathing as we saw with the embryological development of the diaphragm and
watched the function of breathing begin we see that a structure was domed then
flattened. There is a pressure change form on closed area to another. The lower the
thoracic pressure is the greater the amount of air comes into the lungs. Breathing is
thee creation of empty space in the chest. It is also this pressure gradient created
throughout the body that is the driving force for venous and lymphatic return.
Experience tongue down which open the TMJ a little. Put hand on chest. Now take a
deep breath. Notice thoracic diaphragm excursion, notice post pharyngeal space and
pelvic diaphragm. Now tongue is up and take a deep breath. Any restriction to these
structures that create a piston like action will affect airway and thus facial
development.
26. Mastication
(46) Chewing is the not a function that come into play until the
development of teeth. It is the main function that stimulates the
vertical growth of the mandible and the face.
27. (47) mandible comparison. The mandibular ramus lengthens giving vertical height
which also brings mandible forward and widens arch which increases oral volume.
Can also image that between the two rami houses the oral pharyngeal space and we
can see that as we get widening and lengthening of the mandible we are also
increasing the oral volume and the pharyngeal volume for increase food bolus and
airway increase to adapt to increasing body mass.
28. Mandibular Changes
(48)Here we see the change in the angle of the mandible as we grow. (Masticatory
musculature is proportionately sized and shaped to progressively match increasing
function and to interplay developmentally with the ramus.) Studies have shown that a
molar contact stimulate mandibular growth as well as a hard food diet. Increasing
the angle gives vertical height and contributes to more oral volume. Soft diet
decreases ht of mandible, decreases angle and creates more porous, softer bone,
there is also less water in the cartilage. Soft diet has also been associated by
malocculsions. The less stimulation and use of the joint the increase in bone turn
over...leads to question of management of mandibular fractures. Function is
intimately related with mandibular growth (incisor contact stimulates growth).
Research also showed that mastication has to be balanced bilaterally. When a change
in the bite on one side occurs it caused a elongation of the mandible on the other
side.
29. Etiology
• Trauma
• Breathing dysfunction
• Non-functional Orthodontic treatment
• Myofunctional dysfunctions
• Dysfunctional occlusions
• Nutritional Deficiencies
• Sleep positions
(2)Any influence which affects growth and development could also
create facial dysfunction. Others not mentioned here are
neurodevelopmental issues, nutritional deficiencies
30. Epidural Births
(3)Birth trauma is very common and easily overlooked. This is very important for the
dentist to know and to know what questions to ask about birth to assess who needs a
referral to the osteopath. Any epidural/pitocin birth is considered to be a traumatic
birth. When there is extraneous forces that is pushing on the babies head without the
mothers natural feedback system in place because of the eipdural....there is a
disconnect. All babies would benefit from treatment after birth. I think this is one
reason why we are seeing more facial dysfunction and occlusion issues in younger
children.
31. First Breath
(16)First breath is so important. It is the ignition that turns on the engine and
coordinates the diaphragms. It lights the spark that is the potency. See
diaphragmatic somtic dysfunction that is associated with facial dysfunctions. If the
diaphragm doesn’t ascend and descend in an unimpeded motion there can be
restrictions thru the central tendon of the diaphragm to the sternum to the infra hyoid
mm and to mandible.
32. Mouth
Breathing
(19) The buccinator mm overactive because it lacks the normal counter pressure of
the tongue’s lateral pressure during swallow. The buccinator mm is a thin flat mm
that aids in mastication by pressing the checks against the teeth during chewing.
This pushes the food against the occlusal surface of the teeth. It is used when
sucking by forcing the cheeks against the molars. To feel place fingers under
zygomatic arch and suck cheeks in. Also the orbicularis mm is a sphinter around the
mouth. It’s fibers are continuous with the buccinator mm. It closes the mouth,
purses the lips (whistling and sucking) and plays a role in speech and chewing. It
works with the buccinator to hold food on the teeth for chewing.
33. Cross Bite
• Under developed maxilla
resulting in a cross bite.
(20)Because of lack of stimulation to palate, it is underdeveloped.
This may create a cross bite where the upper maxila fits inside the
lower jaw.
34. Nursing
(4)Nursing. Important to ask how was nursing. It gives us the first clue of the
organization of the oral region and how traumatic birth was. Of course, nursing
issues could also be positional for mother or milk supply issues. That is to say there
are many causes for difficulty nursing and a consultation with a Leletch League could
be helpful. It is very important to start this first suck and swallow experience with a
well organized and functional swallow. We also remember that this is one the main
ways newborns release and work thru cranial and facial trauma from birth. The other
ways include crying and yawning which are both natural release to the pharyngeal
area which attaches to base of the occiput.
35. Birth T
rauma
(5)We talk about condylar compression affecting the 9,10, 11 and 12 cranial nerves.
As we know this affects the coordination of swallow thru the hypoglossal nerve
affecting the coordination of the tongue for suck and swallow and the
glossopharyngeal nerve affecting swallow. Another lesion to be aware of is an
extension lesion at C-1. We see this often. This lesion tend to tilt head backwards
which decreases airway. This also tend to bring the mandible back along with the
tongue because the tongue follows the mandible. From this compressed position the
reflex towards health is for the tongue to push forward and downwards on the
mandible in attempt to open airway and increase oral volume. This tends to create a
division 2 class1 obtuse angle cases.. They can be difficult to treat and we can see
congestion adenoidal and tonsil congestion. Help to widen maxilla with upper ALF.
36. Chin T
rauma
(8)fall on chin create TMD, Talk about treatment of fracture, any fall
on head could affect the dynamic motion of the soft tissues.
Compression into the condyle can cause growth lesion. These are not
that uncommon
37. Whiplash
(9)it is not uncommon for people to have jaw pain after a whip lash
injury. Remember that the mandible is also suspended from the
sphenoid by the sphenoid mandibular ligament and from the temporal
by the hyoidmandibular lig.
38. Hyoid Strain
(10) Talk about chin trauma and affect on hyoid region. Why hyoid
needs to be supple with full range of motion. Hyoid dysfunctional
swallow is head forward and then up just like how hyoid needs to
move to pass bolus. Head back during swallow is ass with weak
posterior pharynx muscles.
40. Finger Sucking
(27)thumb sucking is common. Infantile anterior swallow as well as bringing
premaxilla forward. Yes, can be an attempt to treat cranialfacial birth trauma. Case
of one time treatment and child stopped sucking. Can also become a habit and lead
to TMJ, assymetrical growth of thecondyle. Send to myofunctional therapist.
42. Open Bite
(43) anterior tongue thrust. common occlusion for relapse after
traditional ortho secondary to being primarily a myofunctional
dysfunctional habit. The first molars are hyperextruded and the
premaxilla is in external rotation or internal rotation? It is flared
open.
43. Stimulation of Mandibular Growth
(51) Muscles of Mastication are the temporalis and masseter and med. pterygoid and lateral pterygoids. They
all close the mandible except the lateral pterygoid. Mandibular cartilage on the condyles plays two functions
one endochondral growth area and support for joint function. The cartilage is composed of fibrocartilage
which plays function in weight bearing and a hyaline cartilage which mainly participates in endochondral
ossification and mandibular growth. Research has shown that these cartilages respond to mechanical forces
which stimulate growth. The condylar cartilage is one the most imp growing site in the mandible (the ramus
being the other), it is responsible for the final length which gives us our vertical ht. The mandibular condylar
cartilage originates from bone membrane during embrogenesis as opposed to typical epiphysiary cartilage
which comes from the chondro-skeleton. It is considered a secondary cartilage which gives a greater
adapability to the joint in terms of stimulating not only the direction of growth but also the amount. With
primary cartilage of the long bone the stimulation to growth is limited to direction and not amount. Bone
growth can continue until at least the end of the 3rd decade...more research needed.
44. (53)Lateral pterygoid mm with the infrahyoid and suprahyoid mm open the mandible.
Another important point for growth and development is the health of the TMJ disc.
The disc is avascular and what diffuses nutrition to this structure is compression and
decompression, which is the function of the joint. So we see again that function
supports the development of the structure. The lateral pterygoid attaches directly
onto the disc. It’s important that this muscle is soft and pliable.
46. Braces
(24)When a tranditional orthodontic assess a patient for ortho treatment. A structural
exam of the whole body is not part of the traditional learned process. Therefore if
there is any rotaion at the base of the head at the level of the OA, any head tilting is
not incorporated into the treatment plan. Dentin is the hardest substance in the
body, harder than bone. Main point they decrease oral volume.
47. Palate Expander
(25)Palate expanders do not symetrically widen the maxilla, rapid expansion causes
asymertical growth of the septum, affect the most powerful orthodonics appliance
from doing it’s work--the tongue. Also with retainer that cover the palate inhibit
tongue affect on the palate. Remember the importance of what swallow does-causing pressure changes on the base and augmentation of the CSF
48. Birth History
• tell me about your child’s birth
• epidural and/or pitocin
• forceps or vacuum extraction
• how much molding and describe where
• any trouble nursing
• colicky baby
50. picture of 6-7 year old
(63) The children are the inspiration. We need to learn more about
facial dysfunction to help these children grow into their greatest
potential. They are the being of our future.
