1. Chapter 8 Facility and Work Design Types of Facility Layouts Office layout Retail layout Fixed-position layout Product-oriented layout Work-cell layout Process-oriented layout

2. Requirements of Work Cells Identification of families of products A high level of training, flexibility and empowerment of employees Being self-contained, with its own equipment and resources

3. Improving Layouts Using Work Cells Current layout - straight lines make it hard to balance tasks because work may not be divided evenly Improved layout - in U shape, workers have better access. Four cross-trained workers were reduced. U-shaped line may reduce employee movement and space requirements while enhancing communication, reducing the number of workers, and facilitating inspection

4. Improving Layouts Using Work Cells Current layout - workers in small closed areas. Cannot increase output without a third worker and third set of equipment. Improved layout - cross-trained workers can assist each other. May be able to add a third worker as additional output is needed.

6. Less floor space required

7. Reduced raw material and finished goods inventory

8. Reduced direct labor

9. Heightened sense of employee participation

10. Increased use of equipment and machinery