1. OPHIDIA
GROUP
PRESENTEDBY:
DR.NEETU M.D.(PGR)
HOMOEOPATHYUNIVERSITY,JAIPUR

2. OPHIDIA
In the animal kingdom, one of the large
families contributing various drugs to
homoeopathy is the ophidia..

3. MORPHOLOGY OF SNAKE
Snakesare elongated,legless,carnivorousreptilesof thesuborderSerpentes
Morethan20familiesare currentlyrecognized,comprisingabout500generaand
about3,400species. Theyrangeinsizefromthe tiny,10cm-longthreadsnaketothe
Reticulatedpythonof up to8.7meters(29ft)inlength.
Basedon comparativeanatomy, thereis consensusthatsnakesdescendedfrom
lizards

5. DISTRIBUTION
 The snakes are distributed world-wide. Majority of snakes inhabit the warm
parts of the world.
 There are more than 2600 species of snakes in the world. Of these, about
216 species are found in India, of which 52 are poisonous.
 The poisonous snakes are cobras, vipers, rattle snakes, kraits, coral snakes
and sea snakes.

6. USESOFSNAKES
 Snakes are very valuable animals, as they eat rats, thus preventing them from
spoiling the crops.
 Snake venom has many toxins, proteins and enzymes. Another important use of
snake venom is to manufacture anti-snake venom serum, the remedy for
snakebite.
 In various cultures the snakes are eaten for medicinal purposes to cure gangrenes,
cholera, tuberculosis, meningitis and in hemorrhagic disorders.
 Snake skin has ornamental values.

7. SENSES
 HEARING:Snakes cannot hear any sounds; only the internal ears are
present which receive vibrations transmitted through the ground.
 VISION:snakes have distinct visual system. they don’t have eyelids. the eye
has a transparent cover, which changes every-time the skin is shed. The
thinner and active species like tree and rat snakes have good eyesight. some
snakes which hunt at night have heat sensitive areas on their face, they can
detect and strike prey in the dark by sensing the warmth given off by the
animals.

8.  SMELL:Snakes dependmostly on the forked tongue to pick up the scent from the
air and ground and transfer them to the Jacobson’s organs at the roof of the
mouth. That’s why a snake is constantly flicking its forked tongue out. With the
smell they not only hunt preys but also avoid its predators like mongoose and
man.
 PAIN& TEMPERATURE:Snakes feel pain and are acutely sensitive and can suffer
from changes in temperature and humidity. When its too cool, their metabolic
rate goes down, it becomes too sluggish; when too hot, it gets dehydrated and
dies.

9. CONSTITUENTSOF SNAKEPOISON
Fibrinolysins.
Proteolysins.
Neurotoxins.
Cholisterase. (predominant in Elapid viper)
Hemolysins (predominant in Viper venom)
Thromboplastin (predominant in Viper venom)
Agglutinins.
Cardiotoxins.
Coaugulase hyaluronidase (helps venom to spread rapidly).

10. MEDICINALVALUEOF SNAKEVENOM
 Cobra venom is used to relieve pain due to neural leprosy.
 In Ayurvedic medicine snake venom is used as an antidote in the form of certain
‘Rasas’ against Tuberculosis.
 Poison of rattle snake is used as medicine for epilepsy, nerve exhaustion.
 Viper venom is used as hemostat. Used in haemophilia, during major surgery, to stop
haemorrhages.
 Certain snake venoms are used as a local agent to treat rheumatism, inflammation of
joints, and neuralgic conditions.
 It can also cure cancer.

11. DOCTRINEOFSIGNATURE
 The snake is extremely sensitive to heat, so it lives in deep burrows where it is
cooler; the patient of ophidiagroupis worsefromwarmth,by hotdrinks,in
sunandinsummer.
 The snake is more ferocious and poisonous when hungry; the patient of
ophidia group is aggravatedby fastingandamelioratedaftereating.
 Snakes are poisonous. When we say the mind is poisoned, it means that
there is jealousy and suspicion; suspicionandjealousyare the characteristic
symptoms of the patients.
 The snake coils itself from left to right; symptoms of ophidia group proceed
fromlefttoright(exceptCrotalusandElapsas theyare rightsided)

12.  Immediately after a snakebite, the blood is let out from that site as a therapeutic
measure to limit the extent of damage; generalrelieffrombleedingandanyother
discharges.
 The snake is very sensitive to touch and vibrations; patient is aggravated by touch
and slight sound.
 The snakes can swallow relatively large creatures easily. Due to pressure created by
solids in the throat it can easily swallow the solids; patients can swallow solids
easily.
 The stools of the snakes are black and offensive; the dischargesin ophidiagroup
aredarkandoffensive.
 The Indian Cobra passively coils in a stand as a warning whereas the Bushmaster
snake attacks immediately. The Rattlesnake makes loud noises before striking.
Such images are reflected in similar human temperaments

13. ACTIONON NERVES
 The ophidia group acts on the Nervous System and paralyses nerves. They
directly weakens the brain and heart.
 At first there develops a condition of anxiety, mental excitability and over
sensitiveness of the brain with hallucinations, anxious and fear.
 Next develops : Nervous depression,Mental confusion.,Stupor,Low
delirium,Paralysis.

14. ACTIONON THEBLOOD
Haemorrhage: Which are usually dark, decomposed blood, oozing from every
orifice of the body and as a result of this, ecchymosis occurs.

15. 1)LACHESIS TRIGONOCEPHALUS[ SURUKUKUSNAKEPOISON,-PROVEDBYHERING]
2) CROTALUSHORRIDUS[ BUSHMASTER,RATTLESNAKE-PROVEDBY HERING]
3) CROTALUSCASCAVELLA[ PITVIPER, BRAZILLIANSNAKE-PROVEDBYMURE]
4)NAJATRIPUDIANS[ NAJA;COBRA]
5) ELAPSCORALLINUS[ CORALSNAKE]
6) BOTHROPSLANCEOLATUS[ YELLOWVIPER]
7) VIPERABERUS(GERMAN VIPER)
THEMAINMEDICINESOFOPHIDIAGROUP

16. 8) CENCHRISCONTORTRIX[COPPERHEADSNAKE]
9)HYDROPHISCYANOCINCTUS(SEASNAKE)
10)TOXICOPHIS( MOCCASIANSNAKE)
11)CLOTHOARICTANS
12)OPHIOTOXINUM
13)VIPERATORVA
14)VIPERACOMMUNIS(COMMONVIPER)
15)VIPERAJEDI

17. CHARACTERISTICFEATURESOF OPHIDIAGROUP
Constitution:
Hemorrhagic constitution, skin shows purple or mottled appearance. They
are very much restless people. Face is sickly, pale, anxious, bloated, dark,
red or bluish.

18. Ailmentsfrom:
Fright, jealousy, alcoholism, onanism, loss of vital fluids, suppress
menses, physical trauma. Bad effects of poisons, long lasting grief,
disappointed love, vexation, summer and spring.

19. Miasm:
Syphilitic and Tubercular background.
Temperament:
Melancholic.(sad)
Diathesis:
Hemorrhagic.

20. Thermalrelation:
All ophidians are hot patients (except Elaps and Naja which are chilly.).
Sphereof action:
Nerves especially pneumogastric and spinal accessory, cellular tissues,
skin, circulation, CVS, brain, liver, glands, throat and muscles etc.

21. CHARACTERISTIC MENTAL
OF OPHIDIA GROUP

22. LOQUACIOUS
MIND– LOQUACITY
Kentrepertory-LACH3+
,CROT.C2+CROT.H1+
HYOS3+,STRAM3+
synthesis repertory
Crot-c. crot-h. Cupr.
DULC. HYOS. LACH..
RAN-B. STRA

23. MIND - DELIRIUM - loquacious
agar. aur. bapt. bar-c. Bell. bry. camph. CIMIC.
Crot-h. Cupr. gels. Hyos. LACH. LACHN. lyss.
naja oena. Op. par. petr. Phos. Plat. plb. Rhus-t.
STRAM. Verat.
-Kent repertory
 MIND - Delirium, frenzy - loquacious
BELL. cupr. LACH. op. RHUS-T. STRAM.
Verat.
-BBCR

24. JEALOUSY
KENTREPERTORY:
LACH3+
HYOS3+
Synthesisrepertory-
MIND -
JEALOUSY
Cench. crot-c..
HYOS. LACH.
NUX-V.

25.  MIND - JEALOUSY
anan. Apis calc-p. Calc-s. camph. Cench. coff.
gal-ac. HYOS. ign. LACH. Nux-v. op. ph-ac.
Puls. raph. staph. Stram.
-Kent Repertory
 MIND - Jealousy, envy, etc.
anac. APIS camph. HYOS. Ign. Lach. lil-t.
Lyc. nux-v. Puls.
-BBCR

26. SUSPICIOUS
KENTREPERTORY-LACH3+
CROT.H2+
Synthesisrepertory-
MIND - SUSPICIOUS
ACON. ANAC. ARS.BAR-C. BRY. CANN-
I. CAUST. CENCH.. CIC.. crot-c. Crot-h.
DIG. elaps. KALI-AR. LACH. LYC. PULS.
RHUS-T. SEC. STRAM.. SULPH.

27. MIND - SUSPICIOUS
ACON. ambr. Anac. anan. ang. ant-c. Arn. ARS. Aur. Bapt. BAR-C. Bar-m.
Bell. Borx. BRY. Cact. Calc-p. calc-s. CANN-I. canth. carbn-s. CAUST.
CENCH. cham. chin. chinin-ar. CIC. Cimic. coca Cocc. con. Crot-h. Cupr.
DIG. Dros. graph. Hell. Hyos. ip. KALI-AR. kali-br. Kali-p. LACH. LYC.
meli. meny. Merc. mez. mur-ac. Nat-act. Nat-c. nat-p. Nit-ac. Nux-v. Op.
Phos. Plb. PULS. RHUS-T. ruta sanic. sarr. SEC. sel. Sep. sil. Stann.
staph. STRAM. Sul-ac. sul-i. SULPH. thuj. Verat-v. viol-t.
MIND - Mistrust, suspicion, doubt
ACON. ambr. ANAC. Ant-c. apis ARS. Aur. BAR-C. BELL.
bry. calc. carb-v. CAUST. cham. CIC. Cimic. coca con. crot-h.
cupr. DIG. DROS. hell. HYOS. ign. kali-bi. Kali-br. LACH.
LYC. Meny. merc. nat-c. NIT-AC. nux-v. Op. Ph-ac. phos. Plb.
PULS. rhus-t. ruta sec. sel. stann. staph. stram. Sul-ac.
SULPH.
-Kent Repertory
-BBCR

28. FEAROF DEATHAND
DISEASE FEAROF DEATH-
Kentrepertory
LACH2+CROT.C2+
Synthesisrepertory-
Crot.c1+,elaps2+
FEAROf DISEASE-
Kentrepertory
LACH1+
Synthesisrepertory
Elaps1+,laches1+

29. MIND - FEAR - death,of
ACON. act-sp. Agn. all-s. aloe alum. am-c. anac. anan. ant-c.
ant-t. Apis Arg-n. ARS. asaf. aur. bapt. bar-c. Bell. Bry. bufo
Cact. calad. calc-s. CALC. camph. Cann-i. canth. caps. carbn-s.
Caust. chel. CIMIC. Cocc. Coff. con. cop. croc. Crot-c. Cupr. cur.
Cycl. Dig. ferr-ar. Ferr-p. ferr. Fl-ac. GELS. glon. graph. Hell.
Hep. hyos. ign. ip. iris kali-ar. Kali-c. Kali-i. Kali-n. kali-p. kali-s.
LAC-C. Lach. led. lob. Lyc. mag-s. med. Mosch. mygal. nat-m.
NIT-AC. nux-m. Nux-v. Op. ox-ac. petr. Ph-ac. PHOS. phyt.
PLAT. podo. Psor. Puls. raph. rheum Rhus-t. rob. Sec. sep.
Spong. squil. stram. sulph. tab. tarax. tarent. tril-p. verat-v. Verat.
vinc. zinc.
-KENT REPERTORY

30. MIND - Death - fear of
ACON. Agn. alum. am-c. anac. APIS ARN. ARS.
asaf. AUR. bar-c. Bell. Bry. bufo Cact. calc. caps.
caust. chel. CIMIC. Cocc. COFF. con. Cupr. dig.
GELS. GRAPH. hell. Hep. iod. Ip. Kali-c. kali-i. kali-
n. Lach. Lyc. MOSCH. nat-m. NIT-AC. nux-m. NUX-
V. Op. petr. PHOS. PLAT. podo. Puls. rheum Rhus-t.
sec. spong. squil. stram. sulph. tab. verat-v. VERAT.
zinc.
-BBCR

31.  MIND - FEAR - disease, - of impending
acon. aether agar. alum. am-c. Arg-n. ars. Borx. bry. bufo
calad. Calc. carb-ac. carb-an. cic. elaps eup-per. hep.
hydr. ign. iris KALI-C. kali-p. kreos. Lac-c. lach. Lec. Lil-t.
merc. nat-act. nat-c. nat-m. nat-p. Nit-ac. Nux-v. paull.
Ph-ac. PHOS. podo. Sep. sulph. tarent. thuj. tril-p.
-KENT REPERTORY

32. RELIGIOUSINSANITY
KENTREPERTORY-
RELIGIOUSAFFECTION-LACH3+
INSANITY
KENT REPERTORY---
CROT.C1+,CROT.H2+,LACH2+,NAJA1+

33.  MIND - RELIGIOUS affections
alum. am-c. Arg-n. Ars. Aur. bar-c. Bell. Calc.
camph. Carb-v. carbn-s.caust. Cham. Chel. cina
coff. con. croc. cycl. dig. ferr-ar. ferr. Graph. hura
HYOS. Ign. kali-br. Kali-p. LACH. LIL-T. Lyc.
Med. Meli. merc. Mez. nat-m. nux-v. Plat. Psor.
Puls. rhus-t. rob. ruta sabad. sel. Sep. sil. stann.
Stram.SULPH. thuj. VERAT. ZINC.
-KENT REPERTORY

34.  MIND - Religious ideas
alum. am-c. ARS. aur. Bell. carb-v. caust. cham. cina
coff. con. croc. cycl. dig. ferr. graph. HYOS. kali-br.
LACH. lil-t. Lyc. merc. nux-v. plat. PULS. ruta
sabad. sel. sil. STRAM. SULPH. VERAT. Zinc.
-BBCR

35. ANXIETY
KENT REPERTORY-CROT.C2+, CROT
H2+ LACH2+,NAJA1+
Synthesis repertory
MIND - ANXIETY
ACON. ARG-N. ARS-I. ARS-S-F.
ARS. AUR-S. AUR. BELL. BISM..
BOV.. BRYCACT. CALC-AR. CALC-
P. CALC-S. CALC.. CAMPH. CANN-I.
CARB-V.. CARBN-S. CAUST..
Cench.. CHIN. CON.. Crot-c. Crot-h.
DIG. elaps. IOD.. KALI-AR.. KALI-C..
KALI-P. KALI-S... Lach. LYC. MEZ.
NAT-AR. NAT-C.. NIT-AC.. PHOS.
PSOR.. PULS.. RHUS-T. SEC.
SULPH.. VERAT. vip
.

36.  MIND - ANXIETY
Abrot. Acet-ac. Acon-f. ACON. act-sp. Aeth. agar. agn. ail. All-c. aloe Alum.
alumn. Am-c. am-m. Ambr. Anac. ang. Ant-c. Ant-t. apis Arg-met. ARG-N.
Arn. Ars-h. ARS-I. ARS. asaf. Asar. aspar. aster. aur-s. AUR. Bar-c. Bar-m.
BELL. benz-ac. berb. BISM. Borx. Bov. BRY. bufo CACT. cadm-s. cain.
calad. CALC-P. CALC. CAMPH. CANN-I. cann-s. Canth. caps. Carb-an.
CARB-V. Carbn-o. CARBN-S. Carl. CAUST. Cench. Cham. Chel. CHIN.
Chinin-ar. Chinin-s. Chlol. Cic. cimic. Cimx. cina clem. Coc-c. Cocc. Coch.
Coff. colch. Coloc. CON. croc. Crot-c. Crot-h. crot-t. cub. cupr-ar. Cupr. cur.
cycl. DIG. Dros. dulc. elaps euon. eup-per. Euph. Ferr-ar. Ferr-i. ferr-p. Ferr.
Fl-ac. Gels. glon. Graph. grat. Hell. Hep. hura Hyos. Ign. indg. IOD. ip. Jatr-c.
KALI-AR. kali-br. KALI-C. kali-chl. Kali-i. Kali-n. KALI-P. KALI-S. kreos.
Lach. lact. lat-m. Laur. Led. Lil-t. LYC. lyss. Mag-c. Mag-m. Mag-s. manc.
mang. med. meny. Merc. MEZ. mill. mosch. Mur-ac. mygal. naja NAT-C.
Nat-m. Nat-p. nicc. NIT-AC. Nux-v. olnd. Op. ox-ac. paeon. Petr. Ph-ac. phel.
PHOS. plan. Plat. Plb. PSOR. PULS. pyrog. ran-b. ran-s. raph. rheum rhod.
RHUS-T. Ruta Sabad. Sabin. Samb. sang. sars. SEC. Seneg. Sep. Sil. Spig.
Spong. squil. Stann. Staph. Stram. stront-c. stry. sul-ac. SULPH. Sumb. Tab.
Tarent. Thuj. valer. VERAT. viol-o. viol-t. xan. Zinc.
-KENT REPERTORY

37.  MIND - Anxiety, agony
ACON. aeth. aloe alum. am-m. ambr. Anac. ant-t. arg-met.
ARN. ARS. asaf. aur. bar-c. BELL. berb. bov. bry. calad.
Calc. CAMPH. Canth. caps. Carb-v. Caust. CHAM. Chin.
cic. cina COCC. Coff. COLOC. con. crot-t. Cupr. CYCL.
DIG. DROS. euph. ferr. GRAPH. grat. Hell. Hep. HYOS.
IGN. Iod. IP. kali-c. kali-i. kali-n. lach. Laur. led. LYC.
MAG-C. mag-m. meny. MERC. mosch. mur-ac. NAT-C.
nat-m. Nit-ac. NUX-V. olnd. Op. petr. phel. PHOS. Plat.
PLB. PULS. ran-s. rhod. RHUS-T. ruta sabad. SAMB.
sars. SEC. Seneg. sep. sil. spig. SPONG. squil. stann.
Staph. STRAM. stront-c. sul-ac. Sulph. tab. thuj. valer.
VERAT. viol-o. viol-t. zinc.
-BBCR

38. IRRITABLEANDQUARRELSOME

39.  MIND - QUARRELSOME
acon. agar. alum. am-c. ambr. Anac. anan. ant-t. Arn. Ars.
aster. AUR. bar-c. Bell. borx. Bov. Brom. Bry. calc-s. calc.
Camph. canth. caps. Caust. cent. Cham. chel. chin. Con.
cor-r. Croc. crot-h. Cupr. dig. Dulc. elaps ferr-ar. ferr. fl-ac.
hipp. Hyos. IGN. ip. kali-ar. Kali-c. kali-i. Lach. lepi. Lyc.
lyss. Merc. merl. mez. Mosch. nat-act. Nat-c. Nat-m. nat-s.
nicc. Nit-ac. NUX-V. olnd. pall. PETR. Ph-ac. Phos. Plat.
plb. Psor. Ran-b. rat. rheum ruta seneg. Sep. spong. stann.
Staph. Stram. stront-c. sul-ac. SULPH. TARENT. thea Thuj.
til. Verat-v. Verat. viol-t. zinc.
-KENT REPERTORY

40.  MIND - Quarrelsome, contentious, strife
ACON. aloe alum. am-c. ambr. Anac. ang. arn. ars. ASAF.
Aur. bar-c. Bell. BRY. CALC. camph. Caust. CHAM. chel.
Chin. coff. colch. croc. crot-h. dig. dulc. ferr. Hyos. IGN.
ip. kali-bi. kali-c. kali-chl. LACH. LYC. Merc. mez. Mosch.
NAT-M. Nit-ac. NUX-V. op. petr. Ph-ac. Phos. Plat. Ran-
b. rat. RHUS-T. Ruta seneg. Sep. Sil. spong. stann.
STAPH. Stram. SULPH. thuj. Verat-v. VERAT. Viol-o.
viol-t.
-BBCR

41. HALLUCINATIONS,DELUSIONS,INSANITY& DELIRIUM
DELUSION AND HALLUCINATION
KENT REPERTORY -
CROT.H1+,ELAPS1+,LACH3+,VALE
R 2+
DELIRIUM
KENT REPERTORY-CROT.C1+
CROT.H1+,LACH3+,NAJA1+,VALER
+

42.  MIND - DELUSIONS,
imaginations,hallucinations,illusions
absin. Acon. Aeth. agar. Ambr. anac. anan. ant-c. apis arg-met.
ARG-N. ars-i. Ars. Aur-m. Aur. Bapt. bar-c. BELL. bry. calc-
s. Calc. Camph. CANN-I. Cann-s. canth. carb-an. carb-v.
caust. cench. chin. chinin-ar. cic. cimic. cina COCC. Coff.
colch. con. croc. crot-h. dulc. elaps eup-pur. fl-ac. Glon.
gran. Hell. hura HYOS. IGN. iod. Kali-br. kali-p. lac-c. LACH.
led. Lyc. Lyss. mag-m. med. Merc. mur-ac. nat-p. Nit-ac.
nux-v. Op. PETR. PH-AC. Phos. Plat. plb. Psor. Puls. Rhus-
t. SABAD. samb. Sec. sep. Sil. spong. stann. Staph.
STRAM. SULPH. tarent. ther. thuj. Valer. verat. verb. viol-o.
Zinc.
-KENT REPERTORY

43.  MIND - Illusions, delusions, visions, etc.
Acon. agar. ambr. ANAC. ant-c. ant-t. ARS. AUR. BAPT.
BELL. bism. Bry. Calc. canth. carb-an. carb-v. caust.
cham. chin. cic. cina coff. colch. coloc. con. croc. crot-h.
cupr. dig. dulc. graph. HELL. hep. HYOS. ign. iod. kali-c.
LAC-C. LACH. lyc. mag-m. Merc. mez. mosch. nat-c. nat-
m. nit-ac. nux-m. Nux-v. OP. Petr. ph-ac. phos. plat. plb.
Puls. rheum rhod. Rhus-t. Sabad. sec. sep. Sil. stann.
staph. STRAM. Sulph. THUJ. VERAT.
-BBCR

44. DESIRE
SOLITUDE
KENTREPERTORY
ELAPS1+,LACH2+

45. MIND - Solitude, love of
ACON. AMBR. AUR. BAR-C. Bell. calc-p. camph.
carb-an. chin. cic. clem. con. cupr. cycl. dig. ferr-p.
hep. IGN. kali-bi. kali-c. led. Lyc. meny. nat-c. Nat-
m. Nux-v. petr. PLAT. PULS. RHUS-T. stann.
BBCR

46. MIND - COMPANY, - aversion to
acon. Aloe alum. Ambr. ANAC. anan. ant-c. ant-t. atro. Aur-s.
Aur. BAR-C. bar-m. Bell. Bry. bufo bufo-s. Cact. Calc-p. calc-
s. calc. cann-i. CARB-AN. Carb-v. carbn-s. cedr. CHAM. Chin.
CIC. cimic. cinnb. clem. coca Coloc. Con. cop. Cupr. cur. Cycl.
dig. dios. elaps eug. ferr-i. ferr-p. Ferr. fl-ac. GELS. graph.
grat. ham. Hell. helon. Hep. Hipp. hydr. Hyos. IGN. Iod. jug-c.
kali-bi. kali-br. kali-c. kali-p. kali-s. Lac-d. Lach. Led. Lyc. mag-
m. mang. meny. Nat-c. NAT-M. nat-p. nicc. NUX-V. Oxyt. petr.
phos. pic-ac. Plat. psor. ptel. Puls. Rhus-t. sec. Sel. Sep.
Stann. sul-ac. Sulph. tarent. tep. Thuj. til. ust. verat.
-KENT
REPERTORY

47. MISANTHROPY
MISANTHROPY(hatrednessto people)-
KENT REPERTORY-
CROT.H1+,LACH1+

48.  MIND - MISANTHROPY
acon. all-c. Am-m. Ambr. Anac. ant-c. Aur. bar-c.
bell. Calc. cic. con. cop. crot-h. cupr. grat. guaj.
hydrc. Hyos. iod. kali-bi. lach. Led. Lyc. merc.
Nat-c. nat-m. nit-ac. Phos. plat. Puls. rhus-t.
Stann. sulph. tab.
KENT
REPERTORY

49.  MIND - Misanthropy
acon. am-m. aur. calc. Cic. clem. LED. lyc.
nat-c. nat-m. Phos. stann. stram.
BBCR

50. MIND - HATRED
acon. Agar. aloe am-c. ANAC. Aur. Calc. cic. cupr.
kali-i. Lac-c. Lach. Led. mang. Nat-m. nit-ac. phos.
rhus-t. stann. sulph.
KENT
REPERTORY

51.  MIND - Hatred and revenge
Agar. aloe am-m. Anac. Aur. calc. cic. fl-ac. hep.
hydr. Lach. led. mang. mygal. NAT-M. NIT-AC. op.
phos. stann. SULPH.
BBCR

52. HYDROPHOBIA
SYNTHESIS REPERTORY
MIND - HYDROPHOBIA
acet-ac. acon. aconin. agar. agav-a. anag.
anan. ant-c. anthraci. apis arg-n. ars.
Aspar. BELL. brom. calc. camph. cann-i.
CANTH. cedr. ceto. chlol. chlor. cocc-s.
crot-h. Cupr. Cur. fagu. gels. gent-c. gua.
Hydr-ac. HYOS. hyper. iod. jatr-c. LACH.
laur. lys. LYSS. merc. nux-v. phel. PHOS.
plb. ran-s. ruta Sabad. scut. spirae.
STRAM. stry. strych-g. sulph. tanac. tann-
ac. tarent. ter. trach. verat. xan. xanth.

53. MIND - HYDROPHOBIA
acet-ac. arg-n. ars. Bell. calc. cann-i. Canth.
chlol. crot-h. cupr. Cur. Hyos. iod. Lach. LYSS.
merc. Phel. phos. ran-s. sabad. STRAM. ter.
verat.
KENT
REPERTORY
MIND - FEAR - water,of
acet-ac. Bell. cann-i. canth. cupr. gels. HYOS.
iod. Lach. LYSS. nux-v. Phos. plb. ruta sabad.
STRAM. tarent.

54.  MIND - Hydrophobia
ant-c. Bell. CANTH. HYDR-AC. HYOS. Lach. laur.
Lys. phos. STRAM. sulph. verat.
BBCR

55. ACTIVENESS
Synthesis repertory
MIND - ACTIVITY - desires
activity
IOD.. LACH.. OP.. VALER.
VERAT.

56. MIND - INDUSTRIOUS
agar. arn. ars. AUR. Bar-c. bell. bry. calc-p. calc. caps. cere-
b. chin. clem. cocc. dig. Hyos. Ign. indg. ip. kreos. Lach. led.
mag-c. mez. mosch. mur-ac. nat-c. nat-s. Op. phos. pip-m.
plb. rhus-t. Sep. stann. sul-ac. TARENT. verat.
KENT
REPERTORY

57.  MIND - Active, busy, inclined to work,
thoughts, etc.
acon. agar. Aloe ang. Apis arn. ars. aur. bar-c. bell.
Brom. bry. Calc. caps. chin. cimic. clem. Cocc.
COFF. Cycl. dig. euphr. fl-ac. Helo. Hyos. Ign. IOD.
ip. Kali-br. LACH. laur. lil-t. LYC. mag-c. mag-m.
mez. mosch. mur-ac. nat-c. nat-s. nux-v. OP.
PHOS. pic-ac. plb. puls. sars. Sep. STANN. staph.
stram. sul-ac. sulph. tarent. VALER. verat. viol-o.
zinc.
BBCR

58. GREEDY
MIND - AVARICE
alum. ARS. bar-c. bry. calc-f.
calc. carb-an. carb-v. carc.
caust. cina coloc. con. cypra-
eg. Dulc. gink-b. graph. hep.
hyos. lach. Lyc. marb-w.
med. meli. MERC. nat-c. nat-
m. nit-ac. nux-v. petr. Ph-ac.
phos. plat. psor. PULS.
rheum Sep. SIL. stann.
staph. sulph.

59. COMPETITIVENESS
MIND - AMBITION -
increased -
competitive
apis aur. canth. crot-c.
crot-h. cupr. form. lach.
nux-v. vesp. vip.

60. CHARACTERSTICSYMPTOMS OF
OPHIDIAGROUP

61. I. PARALYSIS
Features of typical bulbar paralysis occur in Naja.
The paralysis of Ophidia group occur in right side as well as left side
Rightside
(1) Crotalus horridus
(2) Crotalus cascavella right sided hemiplegia.It is complementary to
Lachesis as it completes the curative action.)
(3) Elaps corallinus
(4) Bothrops-hemiple gia with aphonia

62. LeftSide
1.lachesis has left sided paralysis especially from
apoplexy.
There will be extensive paralysis
1. Naja: Bulbar paralysis, sphincter control will be
lost.
2.Vipera: Paraplegia of lower extremities,

63. II.Constrictionof throat– larynx& sphincters
(i)Lachesis:Constriction of throat, larynx and abdomen, with intolerance to least
touch or pressure, especially on neck. There’ll be constriction in rectum. Anus will
feel tight. There will be dysphagia for liquids as in Bothrops.
(ii)Cenchriscontortrix:There’ll be constriction as in Lachesis with the necessity for
having the clothes loose. There will be vivid dreams. Like Arsenic alb, there’ll be
dyspnoea; Mental and physical restlessness; Thirst for small quantities of water.
(iii)Elaps:There’ll be constriction of pharynx. Food and drinks are suddenly
arrested and “ fall heavily into stomach.”

64. (iv)Crotaluhorridus:There’ll be spasms o The patient is not able to swallow
any solid substances. There’llbe an intolerance to clothing around stomach.
(v) Vipera:Tears his clothes open due to violent congestion in chest. There’ll
be “Cardiac anguish with violent, chest pains.”
(vi)Naja:Grasping throat with a sense of choking. There will be asthmatic
constriction in evening.
(vii)Bothrops-There will be constriction in throat with difficulty in
swallowing, especially towards liquids.

65. III.Haemorrhagesof dark,non-coagulabledecomposedblackbloodoozingfromall
orificesof thebodywithecchymosed.
(i)Lachesis-Oozing of dark, decomposed blood, purpura with intense prostration,
epistaxis, bleeding gums. There will be haemorrhages from bowels like charred
straw, black particles. There will be a general relief by menstrual flow.
(ii)Crotalushorridus-Dark non-coagulating blood; haemorrhagic diathesis;
retinal haemorrhages. Blood oozes from ears. There’ll be epistaxis where the blood
will be black and stringy: persistent haemorrhages; intestinal haemorrhage;
bloody urine; purpura haemorrhagica; bloody sweat.

66. (iii)Elaps-Epistaxis; Haemorrhages from lungs as black ink. Watery
haemorrhage with pain in the apex of right lung. There will be cough with
expectoration of black blood. Menstrual bleeding is black In typhoid fevers
when ulcers have eaten into tissues, there’ll be the discharge of black blood.
(iv)Bothrops-Haemorrhages from all orifices, leading to hemiplegia
aphasia and dysarthria; conjunctival and retinal haemorrage; bloody
stools.
(v)Vipera-Persistentepistaxis; affects especially the veins

67. IV.Inflammationsandfeversof lowdestructivetype
Eg: gangrene, cellulitis, malignant ulcerations, diphtherIa and typhoid etc.
(i)Lachesis-Septic states, diphtheria and other low forms of diseases with pro
found prostration. There’ll be boils, carbuncles and ulcers with bluish purple
surroundings; pyaemia, dissecting wounds,bedsore with black edges. bluish or
baickish swellings.

68. (ii)Crotalushorridus-Low septic states; carbuncles; malignant
scarlatina; yellow fever, plague, cholera etc. Boils, carbuncles and
eruptions are surrounded by purplish, mottled skin, and oedema;
lymphangitis; septicaemia.
(iii)Bothrops-Cold,swollen skin with haemorrhagic infiltrations;
gangrene; lymphatics swollen; Anthrax; m erysipelas.
(iv)Vipera-Lymphangioma, boils, carbuncles with burning
sensation, relieved by elevating parts Skin peels off in large
plaques

69. (v).Nerves,speciallyaffectedby snakepoisons
(I) Vagus nerve
(ii) Spinal accessory nerve ,So, characteristically we get symptoms of
larynx, respiration and heart.
-Ophidia medicines cause choking constrictive sensation due to
pneumogastric nerve irritation.
-Weak heart, cold feet and trembling.
-All the medicines have dyspnoea and cardiac symptoms

70. VI.Yellowstainingor colourof skin
Most marked in Cortalus horridus, less in Lachesis and Vipera communis
and Vipera torva

71. VII.Actionon heart-Producepalpitation,dyspnoeaandvalvularlesions.
(i)Naja:Heart rhythm is regular, valvular lesions. There’s a well marked frontal
and temporal headache with the cardiac symptoms. Patient is always gasping for
breath.
(ii)Lachesis:Indicated in the of rheumatic heart diseases. Palpitation with fainting
spells especially during the clirnacteric period; Cyanosis.

72. (iii)Crotalushorridus:Palpitation,espe cially during menses. Heart’s actions
feeble.
(iv)Vipera-Cardiacdropsy

73. VIII.Appearanceof face
Sickly, pale, anxious, bloated swollen, dark red or bluish, especially in
Lachesis, Bothrops, Vipera. The face is yellow in Lachesis and
Crotalus

74. IX. Alterationof spinalreflexes-
Dimness of vision, excitabilityof brain or spinal cord resulting in
mental restless ness and physical sensitiveness
Torpidity, numbness twitching and formication.

75. XI.Periodicity:
Vipera: Symptoms return anually for years
Toxicophis:Pain and fever return an nually, sometimes changing
location with disappearance of the first symptoms.
Lachesis:Complaints, especially the intermittent fever, returning in
every spring

76. XII.Swelling
(ii)Toxicophis:Oedematous swelling.
(iii)Naja:No haemorrhage; only oedema.

77. XIIIClimactericailments:
(1)Lachesis:Haemorrhages, haemorrhoids; hot flushes, hot perspiration;
burning in vertex, headache at or after menopause.
(ii)Crotalushorridus:Intense flushings and drenching perspiration. Profound
anaemia. Prolonged metrorrhagia; dark offensive fluid; faintness and sinking at
stomach.
(iii)Vipera:Climacteric ailments.

78. XIV.MentalSymptoms:
(i) Fear of rain: Elaps, Naja
(ii) Dreams of dead persons: Elaps, Cro talus horridus, Crotalus cascavella
(iii) Dreams to be left alone: Elaps, Naja

79. XV.Actionon liver–
Hepatomegaly and Jaundice
(i) Lachesis- Liver regions sensitive. Can’t tolerate clothing around
waist
(ii) Crotalus- Haemolytic jaundice; yellow conjunctiva and skin
(iii) Vipera: Violent pain. Enlarged liver with jaundice and fever
pains extend to shoulder and hip

80. XVI.Sleepaggravation
(i) Lachesis: As soon as the patient falls asleep, breathing stops
(iii) Naja: Suffocative spells after sleeping

81. XVII.Dysarthria:
(i) Bothrops: Hemiplegia with aphasia; in abilityto articulate without any affect
tion to tongue.
(ii) Vipera: Speech is difficult
(iii) Naja: Blurred speech (bulbar paralysis)

82. OTHERSYMPTOMS
 Hemorrhagicdiathesis.
 Ameliorationafterdischarges.
 Allophidiansare leftsided(exceptcrotalusandelaps.)
 Pains:fromlefttoright(exceptcrotalusandelaps.)
 Congestivepains.
 Gangrene,decompositionof bloodwithdeathof tissueleadingto gangrene.
 Haematuriais veryoftenseen.
 Flushesof heat withcongestion

83.  Hypersensitivenessis markedfeatureof all ophidiansespeciallyto
slightest noisetouchmotionetc.
 Cravingforalcoholicdrinkscolddrinks .
 Drynessofskinwithinabilityto sweat.
 Greatdebilityandprostrationleadingto collapsedconditionafter
wards.
 Feetsareusuallycold.
 All membersof ophidiahavedyspnoeaandheartsymptoms.

84. GENERALMODALITIES
AGGRAVATION
Morning,aftersleep,noise,jar,suppressionof discharges,summer,touch
andnight.
AMELIORATION
Whenawake,cold,appearanceof discharges.

85. REMEDYRELATIONS
ANTAGONIST:
Alcohol.
ANTIDOTE:
Radiationheat,ammoniaandpotassiumpermanganate.

86. FAMILY–OPHIDIA
COMMONNAME-BUSH
MASTER,SURUKUKU
NATURALORDER-CROTALIDA
NATIVEOF SOUTHAMERICA
DOSEAGE-ALLPOTENCIES

87. COBRAVENOM.
THEHOODEDSNAKEOFHINDUSTAN.
PROVEDBYRUSSELL& STOKES,WITHSOMEFORTY
OTHERPROVERSINCLUDINGGILLOW,POPE&
DRYSDALE.
PHARMACY-TINCTUREOFFRESHVENOMIS USED

88. CROTALUSHORRIDUS
COMMONNAME-
TIMBERRATTLESNAKE
NATIVEOF NORTH
AMERICA.
N.O-CROTALIDE
PHARMACY-
TRITURATION OFSUGAR
OF MILK SATURATED
WITHVENOM. SOLUTION
OF VENOMINGLYCERINE
DOSE-ALLPOTENCIES
PROVEDBY HERING

89. Brazilian snake
COMMONNAME-BRAZILLIAN
SNAKE
NATURALORDER-
CROTALIDE
NATIVEOF MIDDLEAND
SOUTHAMERICA
PHARMACY-TRITURATIONOF
VENOMWITHSACCHRUM
LACTIS
DOSAGE–ALLPOTENCIES
ProvedBy Mure

90. Copper head snake
COMMONNAME-COPPER
HEADSNAKE
NATURALORDER-
CROTALIDE
NATIVEOF NORTHAMERICA
PHARMACY-SOLUTIONOF
VENOMS
DOSAGE-ALLPOTENCIS

91. Yellow viper
COMMONNAME-YELLOW
VIPER
NativeOf MarniqueIsland
TINCTURE-ISPREPARED
FROMPOISONIN
GLYCERINE,POTENCIESIN
RECTIFIEDSPIRIT.
DOSAGE–ALLPOTENCIES

92. COMMONNAME-
BRAZILLIANCORALSNAKE
NATURALORDER–
ELAPIDAE
POISONISPRESSEDFROM
THEVENOMSACOF LIVING
SNAKEANDTRITURATED
WITHSUGAROF MILK
DOSAGE-ALLPOTENCIES

93. VIPERA BERUS

94. COMMONNMAE–SEASNAKE
FONUDIN PACIFICISLANDAUSTRALIA
INDIAANDCHINA
TINCTURE–PREPAREDFROMVENOM
DOSAGE-TINCTUREANDALL
POTENCIES

95. TOXICOPHIS PUGNAX

96. REFRENCES
 Clinical and comparative materia medica –by E.A farington.
 Boericke –Homoeopathic materia medica
 Allens key notes
 A dictionary of practical material medica –Clark
 J.d patil group study.
 Kents repertory
 BBCR

97. THANK YOU ALL