This document provides an overview of several common diseases, including their affected organs, symptoms, causes, treatment options, and prevalence. For each disease, brief details are given about incubation period, drug of choice/dosage, WHO guidelines, preventive measures, and treatment therapy. The diseases discussed include atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancers, HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, leprosy, COPD, asthma, swine flu, amoebiasis, and cholera.

1. UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. REDDY SUNIL
M.PHARM, PH.D
HOD
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
SVSGOI INSTITUTE OF PHAR MACY
Warangal.TS
PRESENTED BY:
G.VINITHA
H.T.NO: 13TK1R0077
B. PHARMACY
IV/ I SEM
DISEASES: A BRIEF GUIDE TO CAUSES,SYMPTOMS,HISTORY AND
TREATMENT

2. DISEASES: A BRIEF GUIDE TO
CAUSES,SYMPTOMS,HISTORY
AND TREATMENT

3. INTRODUCTION:
 IT WOULD BE DIFFICULT TO OVERSTATE THE IMPACT
OF DISEASE ON HISTORY.SINCE THE BEGINNING OF
HUMAN EXISTENCE ON THE PLANET,DISEASES HAVE
PLAYED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE EVENTS OF EVERY
ERA. MALARIA, ONE OF THE OLDEST KNOWN
DISEASES,CAUSED DRASTIC DECLINES IN THE
POPULATION OF GREEK CITY STATES IN THE FOURTH
CENTURY. THE SPANISH FLU EPIDEMIC OF 1918-1919
KILLED 20 MILLION PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD MORE
THAN THE TWICE THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO ARE
KILLED DURING THE WORLD WAR-I.

4. SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS THROUGH THE AGES HAVE
GREATLY ALLEVIATED THE EFFECTS OF SOME OF THE
WORST DISEASES. THE FORMULATION OF
VACCINES,THE ADVENT OF EFFECTIVE MOSQUITO
CONTROL, AND THE INTRODUCTION OF MORDERN
SANITATION TO URBAN AREAS HAVE RENDERED
DISEASES LIKE POLIO ,YELLOW FEVER AND CHOLERA
ALL BUT UNHEARD IN U.S.

5. ATHEROSCLEROSIS:
EFFECTED ORGAN - ARTERY OF THE HEART
SYMPTOMS - PAIN IN CHEST, DIFFICULTY IN
BREATHING
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - ACCUMULATION OF FAT AND
MACROPHAGE WBC IN ARTERIES
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - DAMAGE OF THE INNER AREA OF
THE ARTERY (ENDOTHELIUM)
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - SIMVASTATIN :
DOSE - 5mg - 40mg GIVEN ORALLY ONCE IN A DAY
WHO GUIDELINES - TREATMENT OF BLOOD CHOLESTROL
LEVELS PREVENTIVE
MEASURES - GOOD DIET, EXERCISE, NO SMOKING
TREATMENT THERAPY - LIFESTYLE CHANGES,
MEDICATION, SURGERY
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 48 MILLION PEOPLE OF TOTAL

6. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE:

EFFECTED ORGAN - HEART
SYMPTOMS - CONGESTED LUNGS, DIZZINESS, WEAKNESS
CAUSATIVE
ORGANISM/ ORGAN - DAMAGE OF HEART MUSCLE, ↓ IN BLOOD FLOW
AND O2
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - HEART PUMPING POWER IS
WEAKER THAN NORMAL
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM -
EALAPRIL: DOSE - 2.5mg -5mg ORAL , 1.25mg/DAY IV
WHO GUIDELINES - TASK
FORCE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - LOW BP,FLUID
BALANCE,LOSE WEIGHT
TREATMENT THERAPY - HEART TRANSPLANT, MEDICATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 30 MILLION PEOPLE OF TOTAL

7. CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA:
EFFECTED ORGAN - HEART
SYMPTOMS - PALPITATIONS,SYNCOPE,CARDIAC ARREST
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN - PALPITATIONS,SYNCOPE,CARDIAC ARREST
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE -
IRREGULAR HEARTBEAT CAUSES TACHYCARDIA AND BRADYCARDIA
DRUG OF CHOICE &
DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - AMIODARONE DOSE -0.5mg/MIN FOR 24hrs IV,
VERAPAMIL ORAL WHO
GUIDELINES - POST RESUSCITATION CARE PERFORMED
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - OMEGA 3
FATTY ACIDS, AVOID TRIGGERS
TREATMENT THERAPY - MEDICATION, ELECTRICAL CAUTERY
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 4280 PEOPLE FOR EVERY 1 LAKH
POPULATION
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES - NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASE

8. ANGINA PECTORIS
EFFECTED ORGAN - HEART
SYMPTOMS - BURNING,TIGHTNESS,EPIGASTRIUM
PAIN
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - ↓ OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY
OF THE BLOOD
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - BLOCKED OR
NARROWED CORONARY ARTERY AND SPASMS OF ARTERY
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - NITROGLYCERINE : DOSE - 0.3-0.6mg SUBLINGUAL
WHO
GUIDELINES - TASK FORCE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
PREVENTIVE
MEASURES - GOOD DIET, EXERCISE, NO SMOKING
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER
MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 52 MILLION PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE

9. HYPERTENSION:
EFFECTED ORGAN - BLOOD VESSEL
SYMPTOMS -
FAINTING,VERTIGO,ANXIETY,TINNITUS,↑HR
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - EFFECTS ON
BLOOD VESSSEL BY ↑ IN BLOOD PRESSURE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE -
CONSTRICTION OF BLOOD VESSEL
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - ATENOLOL: 25-100mg/
DAY ORAL ,CAPTOPRIL-25mg TID ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES - RECOMMENDATION FOR TREATMENT
STRATIGIES FOR HYPERTENSION
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - ↓Na+ INTAKE,EXCERSISE,NO
ALCOHOL TREATMENT
THERAPY - LIFESTYLE CHANGES, MEDICATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 75 MILLION PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES - TIME TO

10. DIABETES MELLITUS:
EFFECTED ORGAN - PANCREAS
SYMPTOMS - POLYURIA, POLYDIPSIA,POLYPHAGIA
CAUSATIVE
ORGANISM/ ORGAN - ↓ IN INSULIN PRODUCTION FROM BETA CELLS OF
PANCREAS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - DAMAGE OF BETA CELLS OF
PANCREAS DRUG
OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - METFORMIN:500mg ORAL BID,
PIOGLITAZONE:15mg TO 30mg/DAY
WHO GUIDELINES - DEVELOPING DIABETES MELLITUS
COMPREHENSIVE CARE PLAN
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - GOOD DIET, EXERCISE,
MANAGE WEIGHT
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER MEDICATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 79 MILLION PEOPLE

11. CANCERS:
EFFECTED ORGAN - ALL CELLS OF BODY
SYMPTOMS - BLOOD IN URINE,RECTAL
BLEEDING,ULCER
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - INHERITED GENES,
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS,, RADIATIONS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - ABNORMAL
GROWTH OF CELLS TO INVADE OR SPREAD TO OTHER PARTS OF BODY
DRUG OF CHOICE &
DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - METHOTREXATE: 15mg TO 30mg DAILY
ORALLY OR IM WHO
GUIDELINES - NCCN CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES IN ONCOLOGY
PREVENTIVE MEASURES -
AVOID TOBACCO, ALCOHOL,PROTECT SKIN FROM SUN
TREATMENT THERAPY -
CHEMOTHERAPY,RADIATION THERAPY,SURGERY

12. HIV:
EFFECTED ORGAN - T-CELLS,MACROPHAGES,DENDRITIC
SYMPTOMS - PAIN IN
ABDOMEN,ULCERS,FEVER,SORES
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - GENUS: LENTIV
IRUS, FAMILY: RETROVIRIDAE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - FROM A FEW
MONTHS TO TEN YEARS OR MORE
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM
- SUSTIVA+COMBIVIR/EPIVIR : 150-300mg/DAY+ 50mg-200mg/day
WHO GUIDELINES - HIV
PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AWARENESS TO PEOPLE
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - DON'T
INJECT DRUGS,TESTED AND TREATED FOR STD
TREATMENT THERAPY -
MEDICATION,MOTIVATION

13. TUBERCULOSIS:

EFFECTED ORGAN - LUNGS
SYMPTOMS - FEVER,CHILLS,NIGHT SWEATS,WEIGHT
LOSS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR
TISSUE - 2 WEEKS TO 12 WEEKS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM -
ISONIAZID+PYRAZINAMIDE+ETHAMBUTOL+RIFAMPIN OID ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES- MANAGEMENT OF
LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- VACCINATION TO
INFANTS, AVOID EXPOSE TO ACTIVE TB
TREATMENT THERAPY - FOUR REGIMEN
MEDICATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 40% OF TOTAL INDIAN POPULATION

14. MALARIA:
EFFECTED ORGAN - BLOOD,LIVER,BRAIN
SYMPTOMS -
FEVER,,VOMITING,JOINT PAIN,SHIVERING
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN- FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - 9-14
DAYS-P.FALCIPARAM,12-18 DAYS-P.VIVAX AND P.OVALE,18-40
DAYS-P.MALARIAE
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - PROGUANIL :
200mg QD ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES - RECOMMENDATION ON
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SEVERE MALARIA
PREVENTIVE MEASURES -
INSECT REPELLENTS, BED-NET IMPREGNATED WITH
INSECTICIDES
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER MEDICATION

15. LEPROSY:

EFFECTED ORGAN - SKIN
SYMPTOMS - SKIN LESHIONS,TISSUE LOSS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN- MYOBACTERIUM LEPRAE
INCUBATION
PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 5 YEARS TO 20 YEARS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - RIFAMPICIN-100mg+CLOFAZIMINE-
150mg+DAPSONE-100mg ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES- GLOBAL LEPROSY
PROGRAMME
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - AVOID CONTACT WITH BODY
FLUIDS,RASHES WHO HAVE LEPROSY
TREATMENT THERAPY - -
6MONTHS-PAUCIBACILLARY,12MONTHS-MULTIBACILLARY
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 58.85% OF LEPROSY CASES IN

16. COPD:
EFFECTED ORGAN - LUNGS
SYMPTOMS- SHORTNESS OF BREATH AND COUGH
CAUSATIVE
ORGANISM/ ORGAN- CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND EMPHYSEMA
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - BREAKDOWN OF LUNG TISSUE
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - IPRATROPIUM+ALBUTEROL ORAL INHALATION
WHO
GUIDELINES - GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR THE
DIAGONOSIS,MANAGEMENT,PREVENTION OF COPD
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - QUIT
SMOKING, AVOID EXPOSURE TO LUNG IRRITANTS
TREATMENT THERAPY -
INHALATION MEDICATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 6% OF TOTAL POPULATION

17. ASTHMA
 EFFECTED
ORGAN - LUNGS
SYMPTOMS - WHEEZING,COUGH, SHORTNESS OF BREATH
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN - INCREASED CONTRACTABILITY OF SMOOTH MUSCLES
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR
TISSUE - NARROWING OF AIRWAYS BY THICKENING OF MUCUS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - ALBUTEROL ORAL INHALER
WHO GUIDELINES - GLOBAL
ALLIANCE AGAINST CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - PREVENT
OUTDOOR ALLERGENS,COLD AIR,AIR POLLUTION
TREATMENT THERAPY - LONG TERM
CONTROL AND QUICK RELIEF MEDICINES
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 1 IN 12 PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES - NATIONAL
HEALTH PORTAL OF INDIA

18. SWINE FLU
EFFECTED ORGAN - LUNGS & NEURONS & KIDNEYS
SYMPTOMS - SORE THROAT,
WATERY EYES,FEVER
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - H1N1 SWINE FLU VIRUS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - 4 DAYS TO 6
DAYS DRUG OF CHOICE &
DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - ZANAMAVIR : 10mg INHALED BID
WHO GUIDELINES - GLOBAL
INFLUENZA SURVELLIANCE
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - FLU VACCINATION, WASH HANDS WITH
SANITIZERS OR SOAPS
TREATMENT THERAPY - FLU SHOT VACCINE AND PROPER
MEDICATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 35647 PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES - MEASURES TO

19. AMOEBIASIS

EFFECTED ORGAN - LIVER AND INTESTINE
SYMPTOMS - ABDOMINAL
PAIN , DIAHOREA,FEVER
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN -
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - 2 WEEKS TO 4
WEEKS DRUG OF
CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - METRONIDAZOLE- 4g/DAY
BOTH IV&ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES - PUBLIC HEALTH
NOTIFIABLE DISEASE MANAGEMENT
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - CLEAN
CLOTHES,GOOD DIET, PROPER APPETITE
TREATMENT THERAPY -
COLONOSCOPY AND MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 10 LAKHS PEOPLE

20. CHOLERA

EFFECTED ORGAN- STOMACH AND INTESTINE
SYMPTOMS
-DIAHORREA, VOMITINGS , MUSCLE CRAMPS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN - VIBRIO CHOLERA
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 2 DAYS TO 3 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE
& DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - TETRACYCLINES:500mg ORALLY BID
WHO
GUIDELINES- WHO CENTERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- GOOD DIET, PURIFICATION OF
WATER, CLEANY SURROUNDINGS
TREATMENT THERAPY -REHYDRATION AND
PROPER MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 3 MILLION TO 5 MILLION

21. HOOK WORM INFECTION

EFFECTED ORGAN- INTESTINE
SYMPTOMS - INTESTINE
INFLAMMATION, ANEMIA
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - NECATOR
AMERICANUS&ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE-
WEEKS TO MONTHS DEPENDS ON NO.OF WORMS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - MEBENDAZOLE:100mg/DAY BID ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES- GLOBAL HEALTH
OBSERVATORY
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- CLEAN WATER, CLEAN TOILETS,
WASH HANDS BEFORE EATING
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 7.8 % OF TOTAL POPULATION
GOVERNMENT

22. INFLUENZA

EFFECTED ORGAN- LUNGS
SYMPTOMS - HIGH FEVER, MUSCLE PAINS, SOUR
THROAT
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - FLU VIRUSES
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 1 DAY TO 4 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - OSELTAMIVIR:75mg/DAY BID ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES- GLOBAL
INFLUENZA PROGRAMME
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- DRINK PLENTY OF WATER, AVOID
ALCOHOL, GOOD DIET
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER MEDICATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 1833 DEATHS
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES- PREVENTION

23. FILARIASIS
 EFFECTED
ORGAN- LYMPH NODES OR LYMPH VESSELS
SYMPTOMS -
ELEPHENTIASIS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - WUCHERERIA
BRANCROFTI
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - 8 MONTHS TO 16
MONTHS DRUG OF
CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM-
DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE:50mg/DAY TID +ALBENDAZOLE
400mg/DAY BID
WHO GUIDELINES - LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS ELIMINATION
PROGRAMME
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- RUNNING WATER CONTROL
TREATMENT THERAPY -
PROPER MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 553 MILLION PEOPLE

24. DENGUE

EFFECTED ORGAN - BLOOD VESSELS
SYMPTOMS - FEVER, HEADACHE, JOINT PAINS
CAUSATIVE
ORGANISM/ ORGAN - DENGUE VIRUS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 4 DAYS TO 10 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE
FORM- ACETOAMINOPHEN:1000mg/DAY QID IV
WHO GUIDELINES -
DENGUE FEVER AND DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER PREVENTION
AND CONTROL
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - INSECT REPELLENTS , MOSQUITO
PROTECTION
TREATMENT THERAPY- PROACTIVE TREATMENT

25. PLAGUE
 EFFECTED
ORGAN- LYMPH NODES OR LYMPH VESSELS
SYMPTOMS - DEPENDS ON AREA
INFECTED
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN- YERSINIA PESPIS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 2 DAYS TO 6
DAYS DRUG OF CHOICE
& DOSE &DOSAGE FORM- LEVAQUIN: 250mg/DAY ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES -
THERAPY AND PREVENTION OF SPREAD PROGRAMME
PREVENTIVE MEASURES -
REPELLENTS , AVOID STREET CATS AND DOGS ON BED
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER
MEDICATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 693 PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES- THE INDIAN

26. CHIKUNGUNYA

EFFECTED ORGAN- JOINTS
SYMPTOMS- HIGH FEVER, CONJUCTIVITIS,JOINT PAINS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN- GENUS:ALPHAVIRUS, FAMILY:TOGAVIRIDAE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 1 DAY TO
12 DAYS DRUG OF CHOICE &
DOSE &DOSAGE FORM- IBUPROFEN:800mg/DAY ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES - FORMULATING EVIDENCE BASED
OUTBREAK MANAGEMENT PLANS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - MOSQUITO CONTROL,
ELIMINATION OF STANDING WATER
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER MEDICATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 6 LAKHS PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES - NATIONAL VECTOR
BORNE DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMME

27. RABIES

EFFECTED ORGAN - CNS AND BRAIN
SYMPTOMS- ANXIETY , INSOMNIA,
CONFUSION
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - RHABDOVIRUS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 4 DAYS AND
LONGER THAN SIX YEARS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM- POVIDONE IODINE:
TOPICAL APPLICATION
WHO GUIDELINES- GUIDE FOR PRE AND POST EXPOSURE
PROPHYLAXIS IN HUMANS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- VACCINATION TO DOGS
AND CATS TREATMENT
THERAPY- PROPER MEDICATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 36% OF TOTAL POPULATION

28. EBOLA

EFFECTED ORGAN - LIVERCELLS,IMMUNE CELLS&ENDOTHELIAL
CELLS
SYMPTOMS- CHILLS, LOSS OF APPITITE, PAIN IN CHEST
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN- GENUS: EBOLA VIRUS , FAMILY: FILOVIRIDAE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR
TISSUE- 2 DAYS TO 21 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM- IV FLUIDS ,
ELECTROLYTES BALANCE, O2 STATUS MAINTAINING
WHO GUIDELINES -
INFECTION,PREVENTION,CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
PATIENTS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- AVOID CONTACT WITH BODY FLUIDS OF
INFECTED PEOPLE
TREATMENT THERAPY - REHYDRATION AND PROPER
MEDICATION

29. ZIKA VIRUS

EFFECTED ORGAN - IMMUNE SYSTEM
SYMPTOMS- PAIN IN BACK OF EYES
,JOINTS,FEVER,CHILLS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - SPECIES:ZIKA VIRUS,
FAMILY:FILOVIRIDAE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE = 3 DAYS TO 12 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE
FORM - ACETOAMINOPHEN:1000mg/DAY QID IV
&PARACETAMOL:650mg/DAY
WHO GUIDELINES- ZIKA STRATEGIC RESPONSE FRAMEWORK
PREVENTIVE MEASURES-
AVOID MOSQUITO BITES
TREATMENT THERAPY- DRINK FLUIDS AND TAKE REST MORE
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 6% OF TOTAL POPULATION

30. POLIO

EFFECTED ORGAN- CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, SPINAL CORD,
BRAIN
SYMPTOMS - VOMITING, MENINGITIS,FEVER,SORE THROAT
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN- POLIOMYELITIS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - 7 DAYS TO 21 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE
FORM- OVER THE COUNTER MEDICINES
WHO GUIDELINES - GLOBAL
VACCINE ACTION PLAN
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- VACCINATION,HYGENIC CONDITIONS
TREATMENT THERAPY -
LONG TERM REHABILITATION
 TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 50 THOUSAND PEOPLE

31. TYPHOID

EFFECTED ORGAN - LUNGS,INTESTINE,GALLBLADDER
SYMPTOMS - FEVER,
RASHES,ABDOMINAL PAIN,DIAHOREA
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN -
SALMONELLA TYPHI
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 8 DAYS TO 14 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE
FORM - CHOLRAMPHENICAL:12.5mg/KG IV
WHO GUIDELINES - GLOBAL VACCINE ACTION PLAN
PREVENTIVE MEASURES -
HYGENIC CONDITIONS,WASH HANDS,AVOID RAW FOODS
TREATMENT
THERAPY- PROPER MEDICATION

32. HEPATITIS-B

EFFECTED ORGAN - LIVER
SYMPTOMS - DARK URINE,YELLOWISH EYES,LOSS OF
APPETITE
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - SERUM HEPATITIS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 1.5 MONTHS TO
6 MONTHS (AVERAGE 4 MONTHS)
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - LAMIVUDINE:100mg/DAY
ORAL OID
WHO GUIDELINES- GUIDANCE FOR TREATMENT OF THE HEPATITIS-B
PREVENTIVE
MEASURES- VACCINATION,DO NOT SHARE TOOTH BRUSHES AND
LAZORS
TREATMENT THERAPY- PROPER MEDICATION

33. GONORRHEA
 EFFECTED
ORGAN- URETHRA, RECTUM,EYES,THROAT,JOINTS
SYMPTOMS - INFLAMMATION OF
THE UTERINE CERVIX,ABDOMINAL PAIN
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN-
NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 2 DAYS TO 5 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM- CEFIXIME:400mg+AZITHROMYCIN 1g PO ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES- TREATMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- AVOID
SEXUAL CONTACT WITH GONORRHEA
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER
MEDICATION,SURGICAL CARE
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 1 MILLION PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES-

34. TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED

36. REFERNCES
www.who.int/country/ind/en
naco.gov.in/
tlmindia.org/about-leprosy-in-india/facts-about-
leprosy-in-india/
General pharmacology : tripati
www.google.com