Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
17 2a earthquakes and volcanoes
1. Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics Weathering and Erosion Physical Weathering Evidence for Plate Tectonics What is Earth’s Interior like Chemical Weathering Erosion Transform Fault Boundaries Earthquakes and Volcanoes Minerals and Rocks Plate Tectonics Convergent Plate Boundaries How old are Rocks Divergent Plate Coundaries What are Earthqua Volcanoes Structure and Origin of Rocks
2. Earthquakes and Volcanoes Vocabulary Focus – the area along a fault at which slippage first occurs, initiating an earthquake. Epicenter – the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus. P waves – primary waves; the longitudinal waves generated by an earthquake
6. How volcanoes are formed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANeH9W-HMPc&feature=related
7. A 1976 earthquake near Guatemala City shattered this bridge in Agua Caliente, cutting off the city’s main supply route to the Atlantic. The 7.5-magnitude quake killed more than 23,000 people and left thousands more injured and homeless.
8. A crane and several construction vehicles lay toppled on a fractured road in Kobe, Japan, after a 7.2-magnitude temblor shook the quake-prone country. The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster of 1995 was one of the worst in Japan’s history, killing 6,433 people and causing more than $100 billion in damages.
9. The San Andreas Fault scars Southern California’s Carrizo Plain like a battle wound. The 800-mile (1,300-kilometer) fault runs through western and southern California, dividing the Pacific and North American plates.
10. Workers position support beams to steady tilting homes in San Francisco's Marina District after a disastrous earthquake hit the city in 1989. The 7.1-magnitude earthquake buckled highways and bridges, crushed cars, and toppled homes and buildings throughout the city.
20. 17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Vocabulary Focus Epicenter P waves S waves Surface waves Seismology Richter scale vent
21. 17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Read: “Energy from earthquakes is transferred through Earth by waves” (p568-569) Write on your cornell notes information on: Longitudinal waves Primary waves Transverse waves Secondary Waves
32. 17.2 Kind of Volcanoes Shield Volcano Magma rich in iron and magnesium Very fluid Lava flows great distances Eruption mild Eruption occur several times Lava produces gently sloping mountain
33. 17.2 Kinds of Volcanoes Composite Volcano Made up of alternating layers of ash, cinders and lava Magma is thicker Gases are trapped in the magma making explosive eruptions Typically thousand meters high Steeper cones than shield volcanoes
34. 17.2 Kinds of Volcanoes Cinder Cone Smallest and most abundant volcanoes Tend to be active for a short time then become dormant Vast quantities of ash and lava fall around vent that form the cone Gas-trapped magma – explosive eruption
