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NanoHacking: Converging Life and Tech at the Nanoscale
SEEING THINGS – But how big/small is it?
Dr. Marc R. Dusseiller aka dusjagr 
www.dusseiller.ch/labs
University of Liechtenstein,Vaduz – 24.4.2015
   
The Size of Things
   
Small seems to be the state of the art
   
Why are we so big?
“Why must our bodies be so large compared with the atom?”
Erwin SchrödingerErwin Schrödinger,, "What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell ", 1944"What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell ", 1944
Austrian/Irish physicist and Nobel Laureate (1887 - 1961)Austrian/Irish physicist and Nobel Laureate (1887 - 1961)
The Size of Things
Längenskalen in der Biologie
Atome, Kristalle und kleine Moleküle
Computermodels
Moleküle
Lipid Moleküle
Wichtiger Bestandteil der ZellmembranWichtiger Bestandteil der Zellmembran
Computermodels
DNA
1 Umdrehung = 10 Basenpaare = 3.4 nm
Breite = 2 nm
● Trägerin der Erbinformation
● 4 Nukleotiden
● GATC
● Doppelhelix
DNA
● Was wäre die theoretische Länge des 
menschlichen Genoms?
– Schätzungen...
DNA
● Was wäre die theoretische Länge des 
menschlichen Genoms?
– 27'000 oder 150'000 Gene, weiss man doch 
nicht so genau...
– 75% non­coding regions with unknown function
– 3'200'000'000 Basenpaare
– Diploides Genom auf 23 Chromosomen
– Frauen haben offenbar eine längere DNA :­)
● 0,34 nm/bp * 6,4 Mrd bp = 2,18 Mrd nm = 2,18 
m
DNA als Nano­LEGO Baukasten
Computermodels
● Steifes Polymer
● Negative Ladung
● Self­Assembly
Proteine
● Entstehen durch Translation 
von mRNA
Computermodels
Protein Komplexe
● Zb Ribosom
– Besteht aus Proteinen und 
Ribonukleinsäuren
– Durchmesser 25 nm
Computermodels
Viren
Computermodels
Bakterien
Computermodels
Zellen
Computermodels
● Extrazelluläre Matrix
● Plastisches und bewegtes 
Gefüge
Zellen im Verbund
Computermodels
Einzellige Organismen
Computermodels
Pantoffeltierchen, Paramecium (Ciliate) 
Amoebae
Computermodels
Multicellular Microorganisms
Caenorhabditis elegans, Fadenwurm
Tardigrada, Bärtierchen, war 2007 im Weltraum, ESA Projekt TARDIS
Computermodels
Rotifers (1000 Cells)
   
Seeing Things
Looking at Things
   
Seeing with light aka your eyes
   
Seeing with light aka your eyes
   
µ Zivalice Laser Projector
A small drop of pond water acts as a lens, shine a laser through 
it and see!

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