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Bodies of Water and
          Landforms
   Oceans and seas are interconnected bodies
    of salt water
   covers about ¾ of the earth’s surface
     1)   Atlantic Ocean
     2)   Pacific Ocean
     3)   Indian Ocean
     4)   Arctic Ocean
     5)   Southern Ocean

     * Pacific is largest ocean
     * waters near Antarctica now called the
       Southern Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Atlantic
Arctic Ocean
Southern Ocean
   The ocean is constantly moving, circulating
    through currents, waves, tides
   Motion of ocean helps distribute heat on the
    planet
   - winds are heated and cooled by ocean water

     Currents-act like rivers flowing through the ocean
     Waves - swells or ridges produced by winds
     Tides   - the regular rising and falling of the ocean
        - created by gravitational pull of the moon or sun
   Hydrologic Cycle - the continuous
    circulation of water between the
    atmosphere, the oceans, and the earth

    -  water evaporates from the earth’s oceans
      and plants into the atmosphere
     - the vapor eventually falls back to earth as
      precipitation (rain, sleet, hail or snow)
   Lakes hold more than 95% of all the earth’s
    freshwater
   Freshwater lakes, like the Great Lakes, are
    result of glacial action
    - Lake Baikal in Russia is world’s largest
     freshwater lake
   Saltwater lakes form when outlet to sea is
    cut off:
    -  streams and rivers carry salts into lake
     - salts build up with nowhere to go
     - Caspian Sea in Western Asia is world’s largest
      saltwater lake
   Lake Baikal is the
    largest and deepest
    freshwater lake in
    the world.
    -  Over 1 mile from
      surface to the bottom
     - said to contain 20%
      of the earth’s fresh
      water!
     -very clean lake,
      home to over 1200
      unique plant and
      animal species
   Caspian Sea is 750-
    mile-long saltwater
    lake
    -largest inland sea in
     world
   Rivers move water to or from large bodies of
    water
   Tributaries are smaller rivers, streams that
    feed into larger ones
   Rivers and their tributaries connect into
    drainage basins
   Drainage Basin – an area drained by a major
    river and its tributaries
-World’s longest river
-4,132 miles long!
-Drainage basin covers 10%
of Africa
   Landforms are
                              Landforms include:
                               -  Mountains
    naturally formed
                                - Valleys
    features on the
                                - Plateaus
    surface of the earth
                                - Islands
                                - Volcanoes
   Look on page 34-35          - Canyons
    to see all the              - Peninsulas
    different types of          - Lakes
    landforms.                  - Rivers
                                - Bays
                                - Etc.
   Continental shelf — sea floor from
    continent’s edge to deep ocean
   Sea floor has ridges, valleys, canyons, plains,
    mountain ranges
   Islands are formed by volcanoes, sand, or
    coral deposits




    Coral formed island        Volcano formed island
   Mountain chains also cover parts of the
    ocean floor

   The largest mountain range is the Mid-
    Atlantic Ridge (thousands of miles long)
   Mt. Everest is technically
    not the largest mountain in
    the world.
   Muana Kea in Hawaii is a
    dormant volcano that
    stands 13, 800 ft. above
    sea level. However, a
    significant part of the
    mountain is under water.
    When measured from its
    oceanic base, Mauna Kea is
    over 33,000 ft. high—
    significantly higher than
    Mount Everest.
   During the winter months,
    Mauna Kea also receives an
    ample amount of snow.
   Hawaii is probably not the
    first destination that might
    pop into your head for skiing,
    but if tropical snow is your
    bag, then Hawaii is the place
    to be!
   The best months to visit for
    skiing are February and
    March. Temperatures
    average around 75-80 F, so
    you can split time between
    the mountain and the beach.
   Relief — difference in
    landform elevation
    from lowest to highest
    point.
   Four categories of
    relief:
     - Mountains
     - Plateaus
     - Hills
     - Plains

   Mountains have great
    relief, whereas plains   Physical maps like the one above
    have very little.        show landforms, bodies of water
                             and elevation or relief.
   Himalaya Mountains
   Peel Plateau, Canada
   Chocolate Hills, Philippines
   The Great Plains, United States
   Topography — the
    configurations and
    distribution of
    landforms
   Topographic map
    shows vertical
    dimensions,
    relationship of
    landforms

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Geography Chapter 2.2

  • 1. Bodies of Water and Landforms
  • 2. Oceans and seas are interconnected bodies of salt water  covers about ¾ of the earth’s surface 1) Atlantic Ocean 2) Pacific Ocean 3) Indian Ocean 4) Arctic Ocean 5) Southern Ocean * Pacific is largest ocean * waters near Antarctica now called the Southern Ocean
  • 3.
  • 9.
  • 10. The ocean is constantly moving, circulating through currents, waves, tides  Motion of ocean helps distribute heat on the planet  - winds are heated and cooled by ocean water  Currents-act like rivers flowing through the ocean  Waves - swells or ridges produced by winds  Tides - the regular rising and falling of the ocean  - created by gravitational pull of the moon or sun
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Hydrologic Cycle - the continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the earth - water evaporates from the earth’s oceans and plants into the atmosphere  - the vapor eventually falls back to earth as precipitation (rain, sleet, hail or snow)
  • 18.
  • 19. Lakes hold more than 95% of all the earth’s freshwater  Freshwater lakes, like the Great Lakes, are result of glacial action - Lake Baikal in Russia is world’s largest freshwater lake  Saltwater lakes form when outlet to sea is cut off: - streams and rivers carry salts into lake  - salts build up with nowhere to go  - Caspian Sea in Western Asia is world’s largest saltwater lake
  • 20. Lake Baikal is the largest and deepest freshwater lake in the world. - Over 1 mile from surface to the bottom  - said to contain 20% of the earth’s fresh water!  -very clean lake, home to over 1200 unique plant and animal species
  • 21. Caspian Sea is 750- mile-long saltwater lake -largest inland sea in world
  • 22. Rivers move water to or from large bodies of water  Tributaries are smaller rivers, streams that feed into larger ones  Rivers and their tributaries connect into drainage basins  Drainage Basin – an area drained by a major river and its tributaries
  • 23. -World’s longest river -4,132 miles long! -Drainage basin covers 10% of Africa
  • 24. Landforms are  Landforms include: - Mountains naturally formed  - Valleys features on the  - Plateaus surface of the earth  - Islands  - Volcanoes  Look on page 34-35  - Canyons to see all the  - Peninsulas different types of  - Lakes landforms.  - Rivers  - Bays  - Etc.
  • 25.
  • 26. Continental shelf — sea floor from continent’s edge to deep ocean  Sea floor has ridges, valleys, canyons, plains, mountain ranges
  • 27. Islands are formed by volcanoes, sand, or coral deposits Coral formed island Volcano formed island
  • 28. Mountain chains also cover parts of the ocean floor  The largest mountain range is the Mid- Atlantic Ridge (thousands of miles long)
  • 29.
  • 30. Mt. Everest is technically not the largest mountain in the world.  Muana Kea in Hawaii is a dormant volcano that stands 13, 800 ft. above sea level. However, a significant part of the mountain is under water. When measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is over 33,000 ft. high— significantly higher than Mount Everest.
  • 31. During the winter months, Mauna Kea also receives an ample amount of snow.  Hawaii is probably not the first destination that might pop into your head for skiing, but if tropical snow is your bag, then Hawaii is the place to be!  The best months to visit for skiing are February and March. Temperatures average around 75-80 F, so you can split time between the mountain and the beach.
  • 32.
  • 33. Relief — difference in landform elevation from lowest to highest point.  Four categories of relief:  - Mountains  - Plateaus  - Hills  - Plains  Mountains have great relief, whereas plains Physical maps like the one above have very little. show landforms, bodies of water and elevation or relief.
  • 34. Himalaya Mountains
  • 35. Peel Plateau, Canada
  • 36. Chocolate Hills, Philippines
  • 37. The Great Plains, United States
  • 38. Topography — the configurations and distribution of landforms  Topographic map shows vertical dimensions, relationship of landforms