Integrated Science M4 Tsunamis

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Module 4Module 4  Unit 2Unit 2  Lesson 13 - IntegratedLesson 13 - Integrated
ScienceScience
BEGIN

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
OVERVIEW
In this slide presentation, you will review the features and causes
of tsunamis, as well as its effects. You will review the detection
and safety measures associated with these natural forces.
You will also learn how they differ from tidal waves, which they
are often incorrectly called.
You can access various subtopics in the Menu on the LEFT of
the first slide.
2
NOTE: For some activities, you will be asked to type your
responses in boxes. To do so, you must be in Slide Show View.
You can enter and delete text in the box in Slide Show View.

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
OBJECTIVES
On completing this slide presentation, you should be able to:
access information on the internet and share ideas.
distinguish between *tsunamis and tidal waves.
describe the causes of a tsunami.
describe how a tidal wave forms.
state the main effects of tsunamis.
suggest ways of mitigating the effects of a tsunami.
*Pronounced soo-na-mee
3

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Is it a Tidal wave? Or, is it a Tsunami?
Watch this video which shows a natural hazard, called a tidal wave,
filmed in China > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufl7cHu4ElQ
Did the water appear to recede from the shore before bashing
down on to land?
Did you observe the force of the wave and how the water
travelled swiftly across the land?
“A tidal wave is a shallow-water wave caused by the
gravitational forces interacting between the Sun, Moon and
Earth” which cause changes in the level of water bodies or
tides.
4
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/surge.html

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
What is a tsunami?
Watch this video about the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, and
observe that before the tsunami, it was an ordinary day, with the
sea appearing quite calm with very small waves. As you watch,
read the comments that are being made by the people!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1J8Feyr38Ss
At the start of this video, look at how the water recedes and also
note people’s panic >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8IAgUNr6x4
Doesn’t the tsunami & tidal wave seem similar?
5

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
What is a Tsunami?
Long ago, people actually thought of a tsunami as a large tidal
wave.
In recent years, this term for tsunamis has fallen out of favour,
especially in the scientific community, because tsunamis actually
have nothing to do with tides! Use of the term tidal wave for a
tsunami is discouraged by geologists and oceanographers,
because ….
A tidal wave is not a tsunami!
6

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
What is a Tsunami?
When you saw the tsunami videos, did you observe how water
pulled off from the beach then it crashed onto land?
And, weren’t you surprised at the way the tsunami wave was
able to push things, including vehicles, seemingly effortlessly!
Did you also observe the sense of panic that people had?
Do you think they were prepared? Were they warned that a
tsunami was about to hit land?
How could or should they have prepared for a tsunami?
From how you saw the wave behaving, could you think, or have
any idea, what the word ‘tsunami’ means?
7

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
What is a Tsunami?
Tsunami and tidal waves both produce waves of water that move
on to land; but in the case of a tsunami, the inland movement of
water is much greater and lasts for a longer period, giving the
impression of an incredibly high tide.
Hence the incorrect name of ‘tidal wave’ for a tsunami!
“A tsunami can occur in any tidal state and even
at low tide can still inundate coastal areas.”
Read the first three paragraphs to understand the origin of the
name ‘tsunami’ at > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami
8

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
What is a Tsunami?
A tsunami is a much larger, more powerful version of an ocean
wave. Watch this video for about 2 minutes, showing ocean
waves breaking on the beach, at >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmPzbZVUp3g
9
Each wave has the parts shown
here. They form as wind
passes over the surface of the
open water. They are actually
energy that moves across the
surface of the water.

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
What causes a tsunami?
Watch this video animation, to see how ordinary ocean waves
usually form, > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_HefhiwioE
Now, watch this next video and try to relate what was happening
in the previous tsunami videos to how this animation explains
that tsunami waves form >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdqGoezNrY&NR=1&feature=endscr
(Anatomy of a tsunami)
Also watch up to 2.40 at >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wx9vPv-T51I
10

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
 So, when a tsunami comes to a shoreline or into a harbour, the
“habour wave” is very high above the shallow harbour or beach
floor and hits quite high up on the land.
If the first part of a tsunami wave to arrive at shore is the
crest/ridge, a massive breaking wave or sudden flooding will be
the first effect noticed on land.
However-- if the first part to arrive is a trough, a drawback will
occur as the waterline on the shore recedes dramatically,
exposing normally submerged areas of the beach and
shoreline.
Tides do not play any part in the generation of tsunamis!
11

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
The December twenty-sixth, 2004 tsunami that devastated the
area around the Indian Ocean, resulted from an earthquake
caused by subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate under the
Euro-Asian Plate.
Remember that subduction occurs at convergent boundaries
where one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic
plate and sinks into the mantle as the plates converge.
Read through ‘Generation Mechanisms’, examine the graphics
and discuss them with your teacher, from >
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami
12

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
What about us in Jamaica? Locate the Caribbean plate at >
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8456233.stm
On that map, note plate boundaries and on this one, note the
faults; at both, seismic activities can cause tsunamis.
13
http://www.csmonitor.com/var/ezflow_site/storage/images/media/map-caribbean-plate/7252733-1-eng-US/Map-
Walton Fault
NN

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
The most common causes of a tsunami are:
14
1) Earthquake
Watch this video to see what a landslide could cause >
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWbBiVxLzSs
2) Massive erosion or landslide
usually from an earthquake.

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
15
4) Falling meteorites
5) Under-sea Nuclear tests or 6) Glacier calvings can also cause
a tsunami.
3) Volcanic eruptions

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Effects of a tsunami
DID YOU KNOW?
Sometimes tsunamis cause dangers which affect other areas.
e.g., the recent tsunami in one part of Japan damaged their nuclear
electricity generating power plant. This caused persons within a 20
mile radius to have to evacuate, leaving their homes and property.
They also had to destroy all vegetables and animals on farms
nearby due to radioactive particles that were emitted with the
damage.
Radioactive particles in water from the plant also got into the sea
and were detected all the way across the Pacific Ocean in the West
of the USA.
16

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
17
Continue
“Tsunamis cause damage by
two mechanisms:
1.the smashing force of a wall of
water travelling at high speed;
2.the destructive power of a
large volume of water draining
off the land and carrying all with
it, even if the wave did not look
large.”

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Activity 3.1
a)With a partner, read the article at >
http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-environmental-effect-of-ts
on the far-reaching effects of the tsunami!!
b)Discuss with your partner what you’ve observed in various
videos, then list at least five effects of a tsunami on the terrestrial
environment. Type your response in the box below. Click CHECK
for possible answers.
18
CHECK

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Activity 3.1 - Effects of a tsunami
Feedback to Question b). Discuss what you’ve observed in various videos with a
partner, then list at least five effects of a tsunami on the terrestrial environment.
19
Negative effects include:
1.Destruction of coastline and the
terrestrial environment .
2.Widespread flooding usually results,
which causes
3.Massive damage to, and possible
destruction of, property, homes and
infrastructure in the built environment.
4.Destruction of crops and farm and
wild animals and their habitats..
5.Pollution/contamination of water
sources and debris on beaches.
6.Death of many persons.
Did you also think of these Positive
effects?
1.Triggers an improvement in building
codes.
2.Leads to improved selection of
housing zones
3.Usually, more modern and better
constructed homes, factories re-built.
4.Richer sediments from the sea bed
becomes deposited on the land.
5.New warning systems set up

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Effects of a tsunami - Safety Tips
 If you hear of an impending tsunami and you are in a dangerous
area you should immediately turn off the water, electricity, and
gas and quickly go inland to higher ground.
 If you hear that a tsunami (or as is commonly said – a ’tidal wave’)
is coming, do not go down to the beach to watch it come
ashore, because of the dangerous impact of the very high waves.
 After a tsunami hits, all food and water should be checked for
contamination before being eaten.
 All buildings should be checked for gas leaks, and broken electrical
wires before anyone enters them.
 Do not leave your safe location until the tsunami has passed over.
 Listen to T.V. or the radio to see when it is safe to go home.
20

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Detection and Mitigation
1. Watch this video about the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. Notice that
these islanders knew the signs of an approaching “smong” or tsunami
at >
http://www.aol.com/video/how-the-simeulue-island-survived-a-tsunami/41630869
2. What was the sign that these islanders had been told to look for to
indicate that a tsunami or “smong” would hit after the earthquake?
21
Possible Answer
It was said that if an earthquake occurs, look to see if the water has suddenly
receded from the usual waterline on the beach, leaving exposed sand/rocks.
Also, watch to see if the animals are also seeking higher ground.
Click here for possible answer.

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
3. Read the first two paragraphs at >
http://theextinctionprotocol.wordpress.com/2014/02/23/recent-caribbea
4. How can a knowledge of where earthquakes occur assist us in
detecting and mitigating against tsunamis?
4. Most tsunamis result from underwater earthquakes. Scientists
study earthquakes around the world continuously. When earthquakes
occur, scientists use data about the earthquakes to determine if there
is a possibility of a tsunami and where it might hit land.
Click here to check your answer.
22

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
5. Would a tsunami warning system similar to that in the Pacific
be a good thing to have in the Caribbean? Why? Why not?
In some oceans there is an early warning system because of
detection buoys and satellite data. Look at web site >
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Tsunami_Warning_Center
….which explains about the Pacific warning system which has
been helping to monitor the Caribbean.
Click here for more information.
Click here to check your answer.

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Detection and Mitigation - Activity 5.1
Feedback to Question 5 cont’d.
Since we live on islands in the Caribbean and on lands bordering
on the Caribbean Sea and this is an area of active plate movement,
it is possible to have a tsunami here that results from an
earthquake.
We should have an early warning system and prepare ourselves
for the warning signs of approaching tsunamis, especially following
massive earthquakes.
Find out about the warning system that is being set up in Puerto
Rico!
24

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
What is a Storm Surge?
A storm surge can look a lot like a tsunami. “A storm surge is an
offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather
system, typically tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones
. Surges are caused primarily by high winds pushing on the ocean's
surface. The wind causes the water to pile up higher than the
ordinary sea level”.
25

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
SUMMARY
Watch this video from >
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natu
Now, read and listen to this content at >
http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-is-a-tsunami/
Read the comparisons between a tidal wave and a tsunami at
this url >
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Tidal_Wave_vs_Tsunami (Tidal
wave vs Tsunami)
26

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
QUIZ
Are you ready to test yourself?
There are four multiple choice (M.C.) items that you are required
to do.
For each item, click the letter that shows the statement or phrase
which most correctly answers the question.
Click the FEEDBACK button and read the information on slide.
Click the button ‘NEXT QUESTION’ to continue.
Click the BEGIN QUIZ button to do the quiz.
27
BEGIN QUIZ!BEGIN QUIZ!

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
QUIZ: M.C Question 1
Why don’t people on cruise ships in the open ocean notice tsunami
waves as they pass by?
28
B. Since people on the ship were recovering from the
earthquake shock, they won’t notice the waves.
D. This is not true. People on ships always notice
tsunami waves.
C. Tsunami waves have no crests, and so don’t get
noticed.
A. Tsunamis waves are too small in height on the open
ocean.
FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Feedback to Question 1 - Feedback
Why don’t people on cruise ships in the open ocean notice tsunami
waves as they pass by?
A.“A” is correct because in the open ocean, the amplitude of
tsunami waves is low, although their speed is high. Low
waves would not be noticed on board a large ship.
B.People on board ships would not normally feel earthquakes,
unless they were in shallow water, such as in harbours.
C.Tsunami waves on open oceans have no crests like regular
waves caused by winds.
D.On board ships people DO NOT notice tsunami waves.
29NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
QUIZ: M.C. Question 2
Earthquakes cause tsunamis by…..
30
A. Shaking the sea floor to release gases that explode
underwater.
B. Heating the ocean water and causing it to expand.
C. Shaking the water into waves.
D. Shifting the sea floor level, causing water above to be
moved away.
FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
QUIZ: M.C. Question 2 – Feedback
Earthquakes cause tsunamis by…..
A.Although sometimes gases may be released by plate
movements, they may dissolve in the ocean water, or released in
small bubbles, not causing large displacement of water.
B.Plate movements and earthquakes do not usually heat up the
ocean waters so much to cause expansion of the water
C.Small wave movements are different from tsunamis
D.Is correct, for the displacement of water above the moved
sea floor creates an entire wall of water to be moved away
from the area.

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
What happens to tsunami waves as they come on or near shore?
32
A. Both their amplitude and speed increase.
D. Both their amplitude and speed decrease.
B. Amplitude decreases, speed increases.
C. Amplitude increases, speed decreases.
FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Quiz: M.C. Question 3 - Feedback
What happens to tsunami waves as they come on or near shore?
A.Only amplitude increases, not both of them.
B.Amplitude increases, not decreases. This means that the height
of the tsunami waves increases in shallower water, nearer
shoreline.
C.This is correct because, as these waves come nearer the
shoreline, they decrease in speed, but increase in
height/amplitude.
D.While amplitude increases, speed decreases!

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Which of the following signs should warn persons that a tsunami
might be coming?
34
A. The animals all head for the seashore.
D. The air becomes still and quiet.
B. The sky contains dark thunder clouds.
C. A heavy earthquake is felt near the seacoast.
FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
Quiz: M.C. Question 4 – Feedback
Which of the following signs should warn persons that a tsunami
might be coming?
A.It is said that the animals might hear the noise of the tsunami and
therefore move AWAY from the seashore, not towards it.
B.This is a warning that thunderstorms might come, or heavy rains.
C.C is correct. Since earthquakes may cause tsunamis, and
both occurrences are related, it is likely that an undersea
earthquake could create a tsunami.
D.Atmospheric air may become still before the local weather
changes. But it has nothing to do with a tsunami.
3535

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
End of Activity
You have reached the end of this slide set.
If you wish to review any of the concepts in this lesson, go to the
first slide and click on it in the menu.
If you have finished viewing the slides, click the Close (X)
button.
36

OBJECTIVES
What is a
tsunami
What causes a
tsunami
The effects of
tsunamis
Detection and
mitigation
QUIZINTRODUCTION
x
CREDITS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS6IqnvnOak (Hewitt Drew It
Ocean Tides)
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/solar-
system/day-on-earth.htm (A Day on Earth)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-MOZId0FNw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Iq-h4ShZ8s
37

Integrated Science M4 Tsunamis

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