1. CLAW/HooF
H C un s2 3 - 2 6 . T h e str u ctu r e o f th e h o o f w al l and of the underl yi ng l ami nar dermi s.
1 , p e r io p lic d e r m is; 2 , co r o n a r y d e r mi s; 3, horn tubul es grow i ng from e^pi thel i um over papi l l ae (3') of the coronary
d e r mis ( e n la r g e d in le ft in se t) ; i, str a tum medi um of w al l consi sti ng of horn tubul es embedded i n l ess stru c tured
i n t e rtu b u la r h o r n ; 5 , d e r m a l la m in a e th at i nterdi gi tate w i th the horny l ami nae of the hoof w al l (see al so i nsets to the
r i g h t) ;6 , p e r io p le ;6 ' , str a tu m e xte r n u m of w al l (dri ed peri opl e)
/6
7
rJ
23-27.A, Transverse L L I u u u t the digit at the level of PIII, proximalsurface.,B, Ground surfaceof the hoof
lnrcunn L r t l .
llr G Ux E
a, ll4llbvcls9 sectionof L u s u r El L d L tr r e r u Yu r
ls Ptv^ I4 q r
;Schematic.
i t,2,3, Stratumexternum,medium, and internum; 3', white line, slightlynarroter than 3; 4, wall; 5, primary hornyj
ilaminae;6, primary dermal laminae; 7, interdigitatingsecondarylaminae; 8, horn tubules; 9, Iaminar dermis; 10,1
lpigmented horn produced by terminal papillae; 11, sole; 11', angles of sole; 12, frog;13, paracuneal groove; 14, heel;l
15, bulb of heel.

2. CLRIiIHCCF
ncunr 38-1. Axial and ground surfaces of the hoof.
1, A xi al surface of w al l ;2, dorsal border of w al l ; 3,
abaxi al surface of w al l ;4, sol e;5, di gi tal pad (bul b) of
hoof.
plcunr 32-13. Dermis over which the
horny hoof is pro_
d u ce d . .4 , B, C, Ab a xia l, a xia l, and ground'surface. D ,
Dorsal surface of dermis and hoof,
1 , Pe r io p lic d e r m is; 2 , co r o n ary dermi s; 3, l ami nar
d e r m is; 3 ' , te r m in a l p a p illa e a t the di stal ends of the
la m in a e ; 4 , so le d e r r n is;5 , d e r m is of the bul b; 6, peri opl e;
7 , wa ll o f h o o f.
/- ,
irl

3. CLAW/HOOF
F lcu RE 1 6 - 8 . .4, Transecti on of dog's cl aw . B , C orrect
tr im m in g o f dog's cl aw s. C , A xi al secti on of the di si t of
th e d o g .
1 , Un g u icul ar processof di stal phal anx; 2, w al l of cl aw ;
3 , la m in a r d e rmi s; 4, crumbl y sol e of cl aw ; 5, dorsal el asti c
lig a m e n t; 6 , mi ddte phal anx; 7, deep di gi tal fl exor tendon;
8 , d ista l se samoi dbone; 9, di gi tal pad; 10, sw eat gl ands.
FrcuRE 32-11. Sagittal section of the medial dieir of the
forefoot.
1, Proper (medial) digital extensor; 2, common digital
iFtcuRE 21-25. Ground surface of the hoof. The insetr extensor; 3, coronary dermi s; 4, l ami nar dermi s ; 5, mi ddl e
l s h o w s t h e d ir e ctio n o f h o o f n a ils sta r te d a t th e whi te l i ne.
ghal a1x,6, di stal phal anx: 7, sol e dermi s cove red by s ol e:
8, di gi tal cushi on;9, deep di gi tal fl exor; 9', fi b ers oi deep
1 , W a l l ; 1 ' , u n p ig m e n te d p a r t o f wa ll; i", heel ; 1"', digital flexor to the middle phalanx and navicular bone;
l b a r ; 2 , w h i te lin e ( u n io n o f wa ll a n d so le ) ; 3 , so l e; 4, frog;; 10, navicular bone; 11, collateral navicular ligament; 12,
j 5 , b u l b s o f th e h e e ls; 6 , p a r a cu n e a lg r o o ve . i palmar ligaments of pastern joint; 13, superficial digitat
nexor.

4. CLAW/VTOOF
p l c ;u n nl0 - [6 . Sch e r n a ticr e p r e se o ta tio nof
nai l , cl aw , and hoof. ;l -C , l ..ongi tucJi nar
secrrol , pal mar surface ancl h eac j -orr
v i e w o f h ttn la n fin q cr tiP. D, E, L o n g itucl i nalsecti on and pal mar surfacc
oi cani ne cl aw . Ii b, I-ongi tudi nal secr ronand
s r o un d su r fa cc o f e clu in eh o o f.
1 , Na il ( r .va ll) ;2 , "sr > leh o r n " o f n a il; 3, bul b of fi nger; 4, w al l of cl arv; 5. ..sol c
ot cl arv; 6. cl i gi tal pacl ; 7, w al l of
h o o l; 8 . so lc o l h o o f; 9 , fr o g . ( Ba se d o n E l l enberger and B aurn, 1943.)
I
-l: iI
ite
I
fr
A
FlGUii f C*1. .{ Mi.irrgittirl sectior) thlor-rghthc cltrw of'the dog: a, str:lturn co,ne.,ln of the epicleLmisof the cla*;
Ja,, stratln cor.nellln o1 the epiclenrrisof the sole; lr,b', cleep, norrcorniffed- epidermal l:ryersol the dolsurn zurcl sole of'
I tlie chw; c, corirrrr (papillatecli:r the alc'a of tlie sole); cl, clLLrv lbld; dl', lirniting funow sep:rrltiltg the sole {iorn the
straturn gralulosunr trnd luciduur; g, tubular,
i dieiti l pnd; e. skin rvith liiir ancl glancis;1, epiclentrisof the digital-paclwith
elirds'in the cligitirl pad: li, articular cartilage ol tlre tlrird phirlanx; i, meniscus; k, Sharpey's fibers frorn a tenclor.r
irsertion; l, ungrial cf;st; r'lr, lirt cnshion rvithin the digitrl prrcl;n, lirmellar corpuscle. (Fr:om TrautrnernnA, Fiebiger J:
lFllcl,rrlentirls of the Histolcrgyo{ l)ornestic Anirnirls. Copyright 1952 by Comell Uuiversitv. Reprinted by pennission of
rvith the cl:w growing back into the pad. C, Onychornalacia with tl-recl:rwsl
lCor.nell Ulrversity Press.)D.-Onyclrocrlptosis

6. CrAeiHccF
'-:,-
?+
=<:1,i
,ill
' 1,1
Frcu,RE23-28. Ground surfaceof the hoof. Half
',:;
rjlllll
of the I
^ "''
hoof has beenremoved expose dermis.
ro the .'aliii;
l 3r,:,r.+...t{..
1, Position navicular
of bone;2, position the insertion FrcuRE 23-29. Dermis exposed by removal
of l
of the hoof
:l_t:, j.:,o",lexortendon:, t"iri""i' ; ''- - - ' p";;ii;".'i;,ft.,
Sc hm elt z 1Qt t I
rqrrrrqv n r r L r 1.,Perioplic
dermis;1,, widened perioplic
- - . . . '| 4 . . .
|'L L 'I
, dermisat rhei
bulb of.the heels; coronary
2, dermis;3, L;;;;-l;'l'' l
( 4,.terminalpapiffae tn-tfre'"nos the a".rul lu;ninu"lti;i
of rqrr,rrau, i
J,
cll:edceof skin; 6, ergot.
:)'N
),,,'l
lf 1 ',
ii,,u,um
liii'
:irli.
:'i:t:.'
lii
FrcuRE32-12.
Groundsurface the hoofsof the
of forefoot. ntcunr 32-14. Dorsal and lateral views
of the hoofs of a
.3lf: Tl:
whit e t ine; 3. . s ole; bulb; 4, ,
4, dorsaparr
l
i:ylorn quickly overgrowth, sortnoin ", ,ir. g..rrO
surlace
of
of bulbl 5,2,
"1 .Y"1 ] ' abaxiaj driesafterbirth.
groove,olvldrng wall from bujb.