1. JSTOR & Portico:
Committed to preserving the
scholarly record
Kenneth DiFiore
Associate Director, Library Relations
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2. Today’s Landscape
Dissemination of knowledge
is shifting from a paper-based
transaction to a digital and
network transaction.
Scholarly communication -
libraries, publishers, and
societies - is realigning itself
to these new realities.
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3. Factors Driving Libraries to e-Only Environment
Use of content is moving overwhelmingly toward electronic
resources, driven by the convenience and efficiency of
networked aggregations of content online.
High cost of maintaining dual formats (p + e)
• Staff reductions limit print processing capabilities
• Space limitations inhibit print storage
In the digital environment, networks and context are
everything, and out of sight = non-existent.
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4. ARL Community Buying More e-Content
2006-07 ARL Annual Statistics Survey, Washington, DC 2008
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5. Factors Driving Libraries to e-Only Environment
Increased availability of e-content:
• “Approximately 60% of the universe of some 20,000 active
peer-reviewed journals is available in electronic form.”
• Definitive versions are now online renditions
• Online becoming only option
Judy Luther and Richard Johnson, The e-Only Tipping Point for
Journals (Washington: Association of Research Libraries,2006).
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6. Publisher’s Moving to e-Only
“No print subscriptions to AGU journals
will be available after 2010. Since 2002,
when the electronic journal was made the
version of record, it was clear that the day
would come when the print version would
be unsustainable.”
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7. The Rapidly Changing Landscape Raises Questions
In this access-dominated
environment, how do libraries
assure long-term institutional
access to scholarly resources?
Where does the preservation
responsibility rest...libraries,
publishers, third parties?
Can we take advantage of
economies of scale for the
whole academic community, as
well as new benefits for users
that flow from the aggregation of
resources?
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8. JSTOR: A Trusted Scholarly Journal Archive
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9. JSTOR: Digitizes Journal Back file
To reduce costs associated with the
storage and care of journals.
To improve dramatically access to
journal back file.
To help fill gaps in existing library
collections of journal back files or
access to literature not otherwise
available.
JSTOR Content at a Glance:
Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775) , Vol. 47 (1751), pp. 565-567
• ~ 29,000,000 pages
• ~ 3,000,000 articles
• ~ 1,100 journals
• ~ 550 publishers
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10. JSTOR: Two Types of Preservation Activities
1. Digitization for Preservation:
Addresses paper preservation
issues such as mutilated pages and
long-term deterioration of paper
copy.
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11. JSTOR: Two Types of Preservation Activities
1. Digital Preservation: Ongoing set of
managed activities to protect
resulting digital content from
technology obsolescence, media
deterioration, and fading human
recall. Combines policies strategies
and actions.
RLG/OCLC “Attributes of a Trusted Repository”
• OAIS Compliance
• Administrative Responsibility
• Organizational Viability
• Financial Sustainability
• Technological Stability
• System Security
• Procedural Accountability
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12. Preservation at JSTOR: Maintaining Print
Paper repositories at Harvard and
University of California; pending
international repository.
Each repository meets physical
environment standards,
undertakes a validation procedure,
and is subject to audit
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13. Preservation at JSTOR: Faithful Replication
Black & White
Page Display
Thumbnail, Linked to
Optimized Display (separate
JPEG)
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14. Before Image
Compositing
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15. After Image
Compositing
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16. Preservation at JSTOR: Robust Technology Infrastructure
Maintain archival quality files offline.
Complete, functioning copies of the
entire archive are maintained in 3
data centers: Princeton University;
MIMAS facility at University of
Manchester, UK; and a commercial
facility in Denver, CO
Engaged in managed preservation:
• Authenticity
• Accessibility
• Discoverability
• Usability
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17. Preservation at JSTOR: Preserving “Born Digital” Journals
A&S I
A&S II
A&S III
A&S IV
A&S V
A&S VI
 digitized print back file
 selective titles
 “light archive”
Launched Portico with support from Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and
Library of Congress to assure permanent access to e-scholarship.
Helps libraries make a secure transition to a reliance on e-scholarship and
reduces their dependency on print as the insurance against technology
obsolescence and license cancellations.
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18. Portico “Dark Archive”: Insurance for Libraries
Maintains archiving agreement with publishers to collect and
preserve content.
• Current content (born digital)
• Back file (reborn digital)
Provide libraries with access to archived content when it
becomes lost, orphaned or abandoned, regardless of any
past or current subscription:
• Publisher ceases operation;
• Publisher discontinues a title;
• Publisher drops electronic back file.
Libraries may receive access following license cancellation:
• Some publishers allow Portico to be a mechanism to satisfy post-
cancellation access claims.
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19. Portico “Dark Archive”: Insurance for Libraries
American Chemical Society
Elsevier
Wiley-Blackwell
Springer
Taylor-Francis
Oxford University Press
Cambridge University Press
BioOne
Haworth Press
Annual Reviews
BE Press
Sage
University of California Press
University of Chicago Press
Walter de Gruyter
Many more…
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20. JSTOR & Portico: Community-based Archive
Balance the needs and expectations of
publishers with the interests of the
academic community.
Recognize the value of a diverse and
independent scholarly publishing
system, and we respect publishers’
need to make business judgments in a
challenging digital environment.
Scale and complexity of print and
Publisher
digital preservation infrastructure s
Libraries
exceeds that which can be supported
by any institutional budget.
Global library community supports the
shared infrastructure which reduces
preservation cost for individual
libraries.
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21. JSTOR & Portico Archive: Assessing Value
Usage alone does not prove value.
How can we assess value of
preserving scholarly literature?
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22. Shelf Space in JSTOR: More Than a mile!
Collection Total Pages Total Linear Feet
Arts & Sciences I 5,749,730 1,409
Arts & Sciences II 3,721,322 912
Arts & Sciences III 3,163,219 775
Arts & Sciences IV 3,659,544 897
Arts & Sciences Complement 2,629,883 645
Biological Science 2,867,619 703
Health & General Sciences 1,944,788 477
Ecology & Botany 1,315,344 322
Business 1,897,832 465
Business II 718,964 176
Language & Literature 1,636,955 401
Mathematics & Statistics 2,464,043 604
Music 651,559 160
TOTAL 23,454,777* 5,749
*As of 14 March 2007
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23. Ithaka: Preservation Layer to Support Scholarship
I T H A K A
Ithaka Mission
Dedicated to helping the academic community use digital technologies
to advance scholarship and teaching and to reducing system-wide
costs through collective action.
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24. Thank You
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