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2.  Web Browser is a software that is installed on your
computer. It is used to locate and display web
pages and other online content. Behind the scene,
a browser performs lot of functions but its key role
is to take your request to the web server and bring
the content to you and display it.
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3.  Finds the web server
 Takes your request and transports data
 Transports cookies
 Brings back content
 Processes the content and renders it
 Executes scripts (code)
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4.  Enter a URL into a browser
◦ Breaks the URL into a host + path
 Asks a DNS server for an IP address for the host
 DNS server returns a IP address for that host
◦ Browser sends a request to the IP address
 Path is used to determine what file to obtain
 Data for web server to process, maintain state
 Server replies to the request – HTML, PDF, mp3, etc.
◦ Browser reads the HTML file and asks for all the files referenced in the
original HTML file
 These additional files could be images, more HTML, or other types on content.
 Additional files could reside on different hosts requiring more DNS requests
 After browser gets all the pieces, it processes the data and renders a single
“page”
 Non-HTML file are opened in the browser of associated application.
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5.  Internet Explorer (Microsoft)
 Firefox
 Safari
 Chrome
 Opera
 Konqueror
 Several others
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7.  Data set by the web site owner
 Data you enter in the form
 Information you request
 Cookies
 Operating System, browser type
 Your IP address – can help determine your
geographical location
 Referring page
 Much more
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8.  Example URLs:
◦ http://www.somesite.com
◦ https://www.somesite.com
http – data is unencrypted while transport from the web
browser to the web server
https – data is encrypted while transported from the
browser to the web server
Make sure that data you don’t want anyone to eavesdrop is
encrypted – https in the address bar; closed lock in the
status bar
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10.  Use one browser for your “important” surfing and another for “casual”
browsing. That way data from one can't leak to the other (generally
speaking)
 Always keep an eye on the URL in the address bar
 Read, Pause before clicking on anything
 Logout and always close the browser window
 Nothing is “really” free. Only download
files from websites you trust
 Don’t open attachments forwarded from your friend’s computer is
corrupted
 Logout and close browser/tab
 The browser’s back and refresh features can be used to steal
passwords from insecurely written applications.
 Be careful of Google search results
 Always type URL for sites where confidential information is in use.
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11.  Always use the red “X”
in the corner of a pop-up
screen
 Never click “yes,”
“accept” or even “cancel”,
because it could be a trick
that installs software on
your PC
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12. An Internet firewall
is like a moat
around a castle,
creating a barrier
between
your computer and
the Internet
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13.  Search results may contain malicious web site
 Does it make sense?
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14.  Keep passwords private and create ones that are
hard to “crack”
 Use password checker (See resources)
 Never share your passwords with friends or be
tricked into giving them away
 Do not email login name and password together
 Do not text message your login information
 If you do have to write, keep the paper in safe
keeping
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15.  Avoid creating passwords using
◦ Dictionary words in any language.
 Words in all languages are vulnerable
 Words spelled backwards, common misspellings, and
abbreviations
◦ Sequences or repeated characters.
 Examples: 12345678, 222222, abcdefg, or adjacent letters
on your keyboard (qwerty)
◦ Personal information.
 Your name, birthday, driver's license, passport number, or
similar information
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16.  Web browser
◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser
 How browser works
◦ http://taligarsiel.com/Projects/howbrowserswork1.htm
 Securing your browser
◦ http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/securing_browser/
 Analysis: Browser Security
◦ http://www.networkcomputing.com/wireless/analysis-browser-
security.php
 Microsoft Online Safety
◦ http://www.microsoft.com/protect
 Get Wise
◦ http://www.getnetwise.org
 Password Checker
◦ https://www.microsoft.com/protect/fraud/passwords/checker.aspx?WT.mc
_id=Site_Link
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