1. Human Genome Project Potential Applications

36. PGD

41. Gene therapy It means modification of the genetic material of living cells This applies to genetically determined diseases but may also expanded to diseases that occur later in life

44. Germ cell gene therapy

45. Germ cell gene therapy

47. Somatic cell gene therapy The Concept Natural ability of viruses to enter cells through receptors genetically altered to carry normal human DNA.

62. Gene Therapy: Simple in Theory but Difficult in Practice

72. Stem Cells Alzheimer’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Various Leukemias Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas Heart Disease Diabetes Multiple Sclerosis Huntington’s Disease Osteoarthritis Coeliac Disease Crohn’s Disease Lupus Erythematosus Sickle Cell Anaemia Thalassemia Blackfan Diamond Anaemia Fanconi Anaemia

73. Types of Stem Cells Pluripotent Stem Cells: Can give rise to all different cell types in vitro . Multipotent Stem Cells: Can give rise to several cell types of a tissue or organ. Unipotent Stem Cells: consist of a single cell type only.

75. Isolation of Embryonic Stem Cells Embryonic Stem cells Culture Inner Cell Mass BLASTOCYST 5-7 day old embryo

76. Differentiation of E.S.C. Using particular treatment regimes, embryonic stem cells can be made to differentiate into many types of cell. This is because they are pluripotent . Embryonic Stem Cells Liver Cells Muscle cells Skin cells

79. Thank you!!