The document discusses open source software and innovation. It describes how open source has been boosted by the internet and involves diverse methods like free and open source software licenses. Open source allows for new business models through collaboration in communities or ecosystems. While over 150 companies in Belgium use open source, there remains a lack of understanding of open source licensing, business models, and ecosystem building. However, open source is transforming science through reproducible research, education through learning by doing, and empowering citizens and companies through collaboration and communities. The future involves competition between open and closed models, but empowered users may become entrepreneurs through open technologies and communities.

1. Crossroads of openness
Wrap-up talk !
Ecosystem
Lille (France) - November 22, 2013
robert.viseur@cetic.be

2. My background: co-creation (1/2)

3. My background: co-creation (2/2)
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Boosted by Internet (Kambil et al., 1999).
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Diversity in methods.
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Sub-family : free and open source softwares.

4. Free / Open source softwares (1/2)
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Definition(s) :
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Open Source Definition (opensource.org).
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Four freedoms of free software (fsf.org / gnu.org).
→Free and open source licenses
(legal standard framework).
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New business models :
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Creation of value inside heterogeneous and distributed communities or
ecosystems (massive collaboration).
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New ways for capturing value (dual licensing schemes, subscriptions,...)...
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And new tools and frameworks for creating new products and services.
→ Ok, it works !

5. My experience in Begium (1/2)
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More or less 150 companies with open source
based activities (logiciellibre.be).
But...

6. My experience in Begium (2/2)
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Still a lack of knowledge in :
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Open source licensing schemes.
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Open source business models.
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Ecosystem building.
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Despite the wide use in companies...
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In the meantime...

7. Trend towards Open Source Innovation
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Generalization of the open source model :
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–
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Movement from commercial software model to hybrid models.
Movement from Open Source Software to Open Source Innovation (Pénin, 2011).
Open Source * ?
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Application to all kinds of « stuffs ».
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Creation of new suitable licenses.
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Preference for open standards and formats.
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Cross-fertilization with co-creation and Agile methods.
–
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Directly inspired by 4 freedoms of free software definition (→ availability of « source code »).
More opened and interactive than open innovation.
Open * : open content, open journalism, open data, open science, open
hardware, open cloud,...

8. First commercial successes...
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But still under the radars...
Nevertheless, first
(commercial) successes :
Wikipedia, OpenStreetMap,
Arduino, Wikispeed,... and
Elphel.

9. We saw the power of transformation
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Power of transformation of open source :
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Science :
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Students :
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Scientific papers with open source code and open data (→ reproducible
papers or executable papers).
Learning by doing (→ best pratices in live).
Citizens :
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More transparency with open government data or journalistic contents.
Empowerment and collective projects (commons).
Companies :
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Create with ecosystems (monopoly) : collaboration and coopetition.
Industrial relocation ?
...

10. Future is now!
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The openness is no longuer a question...
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But there will be competition between more or less participative models.
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The users continue to be empowered.
–
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The empowered users can become users-entrepreneurs...
–
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Thanks to open source software and hardware technologies, communities and collaborative
tools, open source licenses, or crowdfunding.
See litterature relative to « lead users » (Von Hippel), and Baldwin et al. (2006).
They probably won't replace big corporations, but can feed them with new
ideas and concepts.
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The principles of communities or ecosystems are validated for sofwares...
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And are becoming the key for datas, contents and hardwares, too.

11. Some thoughts for the future
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What are the opened business models and strategies
that succeed ?
How to manage the relation with empowered users
and consumers ?
How to break the old-fashioned sticky ways of
doing ?
How to fill the participation gap (> digital gap) ?
How to engage young people in the open source
train ?

12. Thanks
Contact :
robert.viseur@cetic.be
More information :
www.robertviseur.be
twitter.com/robertviseur
www.linkedin.com/in/robertviseur
Aéropôle de Charleroi-Gosselies
Rue des Frères Wright, 29/3
B-6041 Gosselies
info@cetic.be
www.cetic.be