Thresholds In Songbirds In Relation To Early Seral Forest At Stand And Landscape Scales

Technology

Matt Betts, Tana Ellis Forest Ecosystems and Society, OSU Collaborators: Joan Hagar, Brenda McComb, Kevin McGarigal, Jim Rivers Thresholds in songbirds in relation to early seral forest at stand and landscape scales

Area decrease = ~40% Mean patch size decrease = ~35% Kennedy and Spies 2005 Biol. Cons. (1939)

Historical and future ES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Orange-crowned warbler Rufous hummingbird

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Habitat variable ‘x’(Stand or landscape scale) Betts and Villard 2009 – Cons. Targets. Betts et al. 2007 – Cons. Biol. Population size/ occurrence/ density

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Total N (after removing sites due to missing data) = 4375

4375 sample points 127,164 bird detections 110 species

Gradient Nearest Neighbor (GNN) method for predictive vegetation mapping Regional forest survey + Remote sensing data + Imputation = spatial data

Coastal Oregon Oregon Attribute table (joined to ArcGIS grid) Each pixel, or ArcGIS grid cell

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

p = exp (β0 + β1 x + β2( x – ψ)+) / 1 + exp (β0 + β1 x + β2( x – ψ)+) Segmented logistic regression: Muggeo (2003) Statistics in Medicine Threshold Detection

[object Object],Pacific-slope flycatcher Ranged broadly from 1.35 – 24.5%cc Betts et al. Ecol. Apps. In Press

[object Object],Coast Range Klamath LARGE REGIONAL VARIATION IN THRESHOLDS

GNN Species distribution performance: Mean AUC = 0.83 ± 0.002 s.e. Best spatial scale = 2000 m

Tana Ellis and Matt Betts Oregon State University Forest Ecosystems & Society

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Full model R 2 = 0.45 Foliage gleaners= 12.8% (SE=3.5) Model Wi AIC Δ AIC THRESHOLD SE Segmented 0.98 2.19 0.00 6.456 1.709 Linear 0.02 10.18 8.00 - - Hardwood threshold at 6.7 % (SE=1.6)

Adult orange-crowned warbler HY (juvenile) orange-crowned warbler

β SE t P (Intercept) -2.09 0.06 -35.44 0.000 Log(Hardwood) 0.08 0.03 2.84 0.009 β SE t P (Intercept) -2.017 0.077 -26.143 0.000 logHWD 0.058 0.037 1.586 0.125 AGE-HY -0.139 0.097 -1.429 0.165 logHWD:AGEHY 0.043 0.046 0.926 0.363

Migrant Bird Demography Nest success Juvenile survival Migratory survival Adult survival Overwinter survival Faaborg et al 2010 Ecol. Monogr.

[object Object],[object Object],Nest success Juvenile survival

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Genetic parameters for growth in two Zambian Cattle was estimated using data obtained from 266 Angoni and 606 Boran weaning weights for 15 years, fitted in linear mixed models to estimate variances and heritabilities. The calves weaned in the winter season had a mean overall weaning weight of 131.85±1.89 kg versus those weaned in summer with a mean overall weaning weight of 129.86±1.89 kg. The data further indicated at weaning that the Boran calves were heavier than the Angoni (19%, 142 vs 119 kg); steers were heavier than heifers (7%, Boran 146 vs 137 kg and Angoni 124 vs 114 kg). The change in the log-likelihood was used to test for improvements when comparing models. Fixed effects of sex, breed, and age were determined on weaning weight. Random effects included breed by animal and breed by dam. Separate breed variances were not significant and so the overall direct heritability and maternal heritability was moderate (20%±0.12 and 19%±0.18, respectively) using the best model (6). Thus, these heritability estimates of direct and maternal effects on weaning weight indicate it should be possible to make good genetic progress for this trait. Zambian cattle provide rich genetic resources, exhibiting moderately heritability, and therefore, have the potential to be improved by using appropriate planning and flexible breeding programs. Keywords: Heritabilities, Genetic parameters, Maternal, Direct, Growth

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This poster by Edward Wilson and Philippe Morgan was first presented at the Society of American Foresters National Convention, Silviculture Matters!, North Charleston, South Carolina, 23-27 October 2013. The poster presents an overview of the Glentress Trial, at Glentress Forest, Scotland. The trial was established by Professor M. L. Anderson in 1952 as a demonstration area for the transformation to an irregular structure of an even-aged, planted forest. The trial area (117 ha) was set out in a large commercial plantation on an exposed, upland site (~300 m); Anderson wanted to determine if uneven-aged silvicultural systems could be adopted in such locations. The dominant species include Sitka spruce, Douglas fir, European larch and Scots pine. The most important silvicultural system that has been applied is group selection, with group sizes varying from 0.1 to 0.2 ha. Groups have been restocked by planting and natural regeneration. Recent surveys of the trial area demonstrate the gradual transformation to an irregular structure after 60 years. The Glentress Trial is recognised as one of the longest-running research sites in British forestry. The trial has been important for both primary research and for developing operational experience in uneven-aged silviculture. Over the decades since its initiation, the objectives of forestry in Britain have evolved and changed. Today the Glentress Trial has a new relevance as we recognise the importance of uneven-aged forests for their ecological resilience and potential to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services.

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Craig’s research centers on the use of molecular approaches to study ecology and evolution and addresses questions including; (1) the use of molecular markers to infer current and historical population processes at various spatial and temporal scales; (2) the effects of historical changes in habitat on current distributions and diversity of faunas, with particular reference to rainforest biotas; (3) improving the use of molecular information in conservation biology and the development of strategies that recognize evolutionary processes. The geographic focus of this research program spans the tropical forests of Australasia, especially the wet tropics of northeastern Australia and western North America

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The loss of biodiversity mainly due to human activities is a global concern. The survival of wild mammals, including the West African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus), which is considered a critically endangered species, is threatened. However, information on the status of the remaining populations of such a primate and its distribution is rarely available or out of date for some sites. This study aims at improving the knowledge of the west chimpanzee population density and distribution in Mont Sangbé National Park (MSNP), West Côte d’Ivoire, for conservation purposes. We counted chimpanzee sleeping nests along 64 line transects of one kilometer each in the forest area of the MSNP by following distance sampling methods. Then, we recorded the GPS coordinates of all signs of the presence of the species during transects and recce surveys. We observed 148 signs of the presence of chimpanzees including 94 nests counted along transects. The average density of chimpanzees in the forest area of MSNP was estimated at 0.25 individuals/km² and 0.48 individuals/km² when using a value of a lifetime of nests of 164.38 days and 84.38 days, respectively. In addition, the distribution map showed that the signs of the presence of chimpanzees are mainly observed in two areas: the southern and the north-eastern forest areas of the MSNP. We recommend the application of other survey methods (genetics, camera trapping, nest counts combined with the modeling of nest lifetime estimates) for a better understanding of the chimpanzee population ecology and for conservation management in the PNMS.

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