SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 118
Chapter 17 – Meteorology   Why can’t meteorologists always predict the weather correctly?
[object Object],[object Object]
1. Maritime tropical - warm, moist air  that forms over the ocean near the equator bringing hot, humid air in the summer
2. Maritime polar-  forms over the Pacific ocean  in both winter and summer, bringing cooler temperatures to Eastern states in the summer and heavy snow and colder temperatures in the winter
 
3. Continental tropical-  forms over land in Mexico  during the summer, bringing dry, hot air to southwestern states  4. Continental polar- forms  over land in Northern Canada  bringing cold temperatures to the US during the winter
B. Fronts- the place  where two different air masses meet . Fronts are usually scenes of  dramatic weather changes  and sometimes violent storms. The changes that fronts bring depend on the season and location. There are four types of fronts:
 
1.  Cold front - a mass of cold air meets and  pushes under a mass of warm air . The warm air is pushed up creating storms.
 
2.  Warm front - a mass of warm air  overtakes a cold air mass  and moves over it creating rain and showers followed by hot, humid weather
 
3. Occluded front- a  cold front overtakes a warm front  or cold air overtakes a cold front producing  less extreme weather
 
4.  Stationary front - a warm air mass meets a cold air mass and  no movement occurs , causing rain to stay in an area for many days
 
That was a dust mite.
II. Storms (also called  extratropical cyclones ) are violent disturbances in the atmosphere. Storms draw their energy from  temperature differences , which makes the boundary between warm and cold air (fronts) a favored  path for storms .
 
A. Rainstorms- form when a  warm front meets a cold front  and nimbostratus clouds develop. In the summer, steady rainfall develops and in the winter, heavy snowfall
Rainstorm over salt flats
B. Thunderstorms- occur when a  cold front meets a warm front  producing cumulonimbus clouds. These systems need  unstable air , warm air near the ground and cold air aloft to form.
 
1. Lightning is a common component of thunderstorms. It is caused when the  attraction between positive  (builds on ground) and  negative  (clouds) charges becomes strong enough to overcome the air’s high resistance to electrical flow
 
2. Thunder results as the tremendous energy of lightning flashes is  turned into heat  and then  into sound waves . (Start counting when you see a lightning flash to determine how far away it is. If you hear the thunder in 5 seconds the lightning’s a mile away, 10 second 2 miles away)
Mimicry
3.  Single-cell  thunderstorms are the simplest kind although the life cycle of other kinds are essentially the same. The following steps explain the birth, life and death of a thunderstorm:
a.  Warm humid air  (called updrafts) rises from the ground  b. The air cools to its  dew point , condensation begins to form a cloud.  c. Ice crystals or  water droplets grow big enough  to overcome the updraft and begin falling, dragging down the air.
d. The falling precipitation and air being dragged down form  downdrafts .  e. Updrafts continue feeding  warm, humid air  into the storm. Existence of both updrafts and downdrafts make this the storm’s most violent stage
Single Cell Thunderstorm
f.  Downdrafts grow,  choking off updrafts.  g. With its  supply of humid air cut , the storm begins dying and rain tapers off.
4. Multicell storms, which are  clusters of single cell storms , are the most common kind of thunderstorms.
 
5.  Supercell  thunderstorms, sometimes called steady-state thunderstorms, are the  most dangerous  and may last for hours. These are the storms that produce dangerous tornadoes. These storms are  driven by mesocyclones  (a rotating column of rising air) which supply the spin that strong tornadoes require.
 
 
Review Questions  1. What atmospheric conditions cause changes in our weather?  Air masses and fronts
2. Explain how air masses and fronts are related  ,[object Object]
3. Why do we usually experience our worst thunderstorms in spring and summer months?  ,[object Object]
III. Cyclones and Anticyclones  ,[object Object]
 
1. Hurricanes are examples of powerful cyclones that form over tropical oceans. Winds spiraling around move in a  counterclockwise  direction in the  Northern Hemisphere .
Hurricane Katrina
Katrina
Katrina
Flood damage from Katrina
 
 
 
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
d. Air up to 18,000 feet needs to be  humid  as it’s pulled into the storm.  e. Winds not created by the storm, should be coming from nearly the same direction and at close to the same speeds at all altitudes to ensure the storm continues.
f.  Upper atmosphere high-pressure  area helps to pump away air rising in the storm
3. A hurricanes  spinning system of rising air  creates a doughnut-shaped wall of strong winds (74 mph or more), clouds and rainfall. Inside the wall is the calm eye of the hurricane.
4. Storm surge- this is the large dome of water that causes  flooding , claiming more victims than wind.
Hurricane Hugo 1989
Track of Hugo
 
 
 
 
B. Anticyclones- a  high pressure area  that contains cold, dry air. In the Northern hemisphere these winds move in a  clockwise direction . Weather caused by anticyclones is usually  fair, clear, and dry
 
Review Questions   ,[object Object],Very warm ocean Converging winds Unstable rising air
2. What is the difference between cyclones and anticyclones?  Cyclones usually cause very destructive weather. Anticyclones are characterized by fair weather.
IV. Meteorology and Predicting the Weather  ,[object Object]
B. Meteorologists use information from  various sources  before predicting the weather. The following are used to help meteorologists around the world:
 
1 . Local weather observers and weather stations-  observations  taken near the Earth's surface  using instruments  (e.g. barometers, thermometers, anemometers and rain gauges) and  visual observations  (e.g. cloud and weather type). These surface observations are made at approved sites over the land and from ships at sea. Standard types of instruments are used and observations are usually made at least every three hours, and in many cases hourly.
2. Weather balloons- from approximately 500 stations around the globe. These balloons are  launched at the same time every day , 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. These balloons rise more than 15 miles into the atmosphere and  contain radiosondes , which measure air pressure, temperature and humidity. The balloons are also tracked to measure wind speeds and direction.
 
3. Satellites- provide cloud-top images,  ocean and land temperatures , upper-air temperatures, humidity, wind speeds, and locations of invisible water vapor. In addition, they can monitor the sun, pick up emergency signals from downed aircraft and ships, and  relay data  from weather instruments on land and at sea.
 
a. Geostationary satellites remain at fixed points (their  speed matches the Earth’s rotation ) and orbit west-to-east at 22,238 miles above the equator. GOES stands for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite.
b. Polar satellites  orbit at lower altitudes  (200 miles) traveling north to south over the poles
c. In North America,  images  from satellites are sent  every half hour .
 
 
4. Radars- radar  measures reflected sound waves . Using  Doppler radar , meteorologists can get a picture of precipitation that allows them to track a storm's progress over time.
 
As sound waves are given off by the radar they will come in contact with raindrops and other kinds of precipitation and  reflect waves back to the radar  antenna. If the rain is moving away, fewer sound waves at a lower frequency are sent back.
If the rain is moving towards the radar, more sound waves at a higher frequency are sent back. This data is then converted into maps.
 
 
5. Computer generated models- these models  use mathematical equations to help predict the weather . The models are only calculated by acquiring vast amounts of information from satellites, radars, weather balloons and weather stations. This data is then used by  supercomputers  to calculate what the atmosphere will do at specific places over a large area and from the surface to the top of the atmosphere.
 
That was a yellow bellied sap sucker
C. Meteorologists must use data from  many sources  in order to get the most accurate picture of the weather.
 
That was a Vicuna
D. The  World Meteorological Organization  (WMO) allows for international exchange of weather data. This data is then sent to World Meteorological centers (in US, Washington D.C.) for analysis. Then charts, maps, and forecasts are sent to regional and local weather service offices.
E. Scientists soon realized after using computer models that a tiny difference in the numbers fed into the computer created drastic differences in the results. Therefore,  meteorologists use several computer models  to try to predict weather conditions on a daily basis.
F. Meteorologists use  current and historic data  to predict the weather, but atmospheric conditions can change quickly, causing local weather to be different than predicted.
 
Review Questions  1. What sources of information do meteorologists use to predict the weather?  Doppler, local people, weather balloons, computer models, satellites.
 
 
2. Why do meteorologists use several computer models to forecast weather?  Because weather can change instantly and its best to have as many sources as possible.
[object Object],[object Object]
B. Information on weather maps is usually  recorded using numbers and symbols  to represent wind speed, cloud cover, precipitation, fronts, and areas of high and low pressure.
B. Information on weather maps is usually  recorded using numbers and symbols  to represent wind speed, cloud cover, precipitation, fronts, and areas of high and low pressure.
 
D. To represent a warm front on a weather map use a  line with half circles  pointing the direction of its movement. Use a  line with triangles  pointing the direction of its movement to represent a cold front.
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
C. Cloud seeding has been the  only successful weather modification project  in the past. It encourages clouds to form growing water droplets that will become heavy enough to fall as rain or snow. Steps in cloud seeding:
1. Airplanes fly through clouds spreading  dry ice or silver iodide  throughout the cloud.  2. The silver iodide  causes ice crystals to form  and grow from surrounding water vapor and water liquid.  3. The ice crystals grow until they are large enough to begin falling as rain or snow.
 
C. The latest research into controlling the weather is based on the  sensitivity of the atmosphere . Scientists understand that the  atmosphere is chaotic  and difficult to predict. Knowing this, scientists believe that “just right perturbations” to the atmosphere may allow them to have some control over the weather. These “perturbations” would be possible with sensors, satellites, aircraft contrails (essentially cirrus clouds), solar reflectors, space solar power generators, wind turbines, and massive computer technology.
D. In the future, controlling the weather could lead to no  droughts , no tornadoes, no snow storms during rush hour, and controlling the  path of a hurricane .
E. The problem with weather experiments is there are  no guarantees  that weather changing efforts are working or if it is simply Mother Nature at work causing changes.
F. There are also many  ethical and legal issues  when considering the possibilities of controlling the weather in the future.
Review Questions  1. What information is displayed on a station circle?  Cloud cover, temp, air pressure, wind speed and wind direction
2. Do you think that scientists should be able to control the weather? Why or why not?
 

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

La actualidad más candente (20)

Thunderstorms -Basics
Thunderstorms -BasicsThunderstorms -Basics
Thunderstorms -Basics
 
Thunderstorm and tornado
Thunderstorm and tornadoThunderstorm and tornado
Thunderstorm and tornado
 
Intro to Meteorology: Our Atmosphere
Intro to Meteorology: Our AtmosphereIntro to Meteorology: Our Atmosphere
Intro to Meteorology: Our Atmosphere
 
Weather map
Weather mapWeather map
Weather map
 
Air masses and fronts
Air masses and frontsAir masses and fronts
Air masses and fronts
 
Air masses and its types
Air masses and its typesAir masses and its types
Air masses and its types
 
Tornado
TornadoTornado
Tornado
 
NS2 3.5 Weather Forecasting
NS2 3.5 Weather ForecastingNS2 3.5 Weather Forecasting
NS2 3.5 Weather Forecasting
 
thunderstorm (presentation
 thunderstorm (presentation thunderstorm (presentation
thunderstorm (presentation
 
Tornado
TornadoTornado
Tornado
 
Radiation and atmospheric temperature
Radiation and atmospheric temperatureRadiation and atmospheric temperature
Radiation and atmospheric temperature
 
Lesson 4: Micro-Climate of an Urban Area
Lesson 4: Micro-Climate of an Urban AreaLesson 4: Micro-Climate of an Urban Area
Lesson 4: Micro-Climate of an Urban Area
 
Cyclone
CycloneCyclone
Cyclone
 
Tornado
TornadoTornado
Tornado
 
3. Anticyclones
3. Anticyclones3. Anticyclones
3. Anticyclones
 
Remote sensing for
Remote sensing forRemote sensing for
Remote sensing for
 
El Nino Southern Oscillation
El Nino Southern OscillationEl Nino Southern Oscillation
El Nino Southern Oscillation
 
Weather And Climate
Weather And ClimateWeather And Climate
Weather And Climate
 
2. Depressions
2. Depressions2. Depressions
2. Depressions
 
Forecasting the weather powerpoint
Forecasting the weather powerpointForecasting the weather powerpoint
Forecasting the weather powerpoint
 

Destacado

Watershed Creation
Watershed CreationWatershed Creation
Watershed Creationpetercooney
 
Bai07 kiem tramuccao-k-trpm@softtesting-nntu
Bai07 kiem tramuccao-k-trpm@softtesting-nntuBai07 kiem tramuccao-k-trpm@softtesting-nntu
Bai07 kiem tramuccao-k-trpm@softtesting-nntuJenny Nguyen
 
Istqb glossary of testing terms 2 1
Istqb glossary of testing terms 2 1Istqb glossary of testing terms 2 1
Istqb glossary of testing terms 2 1Jenny Nguyen
 
Module 3, topic 1 notes
Module 3, topic 1 notesModule 3, topic 1 notes
Module 3, topic 1 notesAnnie cox
 
Terms used in poetry
Terms used in poetryTerms used in poetry
Terms used in poetryCarolyn
 
Qtp8 student handboo
Qtp8 student handbooQtp8 student handboo
Qtp8 student handbooJenny Nguyen
 
Database searching
Database searchingDatabase searching
Database searchingkerasmus
 
Oteller için İnteraktif Pazarlama Fikirleri
Oteller için İnteraktif Pazarlama FikirleriOteller için İnteraktif Pazarlama Fikirleri
Oteller için İnteraktif Pazarlama FikirleriMedyaTEQ
 
Daughter of a Witch Jess’s Story
Daughter of a Witch Jess’s StoryDaughter of a Witch Jess’s Story
Daughter of a Witch Jess’s StoryAuroraDay01
 
Θερμοδυναμική
ΘερμοδυναμικήΘερμοδυναμική
ΘερμοδυναμικήEyurt
 
常常喜樂
常常喜樂常常喜樂
常常喜樂moya1029
 
How to go weekly
How to go weeklyHow to go weekly
How to go weeklytevinallen
 
So what happens now prologue
So what happens now prologueSo what happens now prologue
So what happens now prologueAuroraDay01
 
Question ISTQB foundation 2
Question ISTQB  foundation 2Question ISTQB  foundation 2
Question ISTQB foundation 2Jenny Nguyen
 
Syllabuses TTC one year course
Syllabuses TTC  one year courseSyllabuses TTC  one year course
Syllabuses TTC one year coursenongni
 

Destacado (20)

Watershed Creation
Watershed CreationWatershed Creation
Watershed Creation
 
Bai07 kiem tramuccao-k-trpm@softtesting-nntu
Bai07 kiem tramuccao-k-trpm@softtesting-nntuBai07 kiem tramuccao-k-trpm@softtesting-nntu
Bai07 kiem tramuccao-k-trpm@softtesting-nntu
 
Istqb glossary of testing terms 2 1
Istqb glossary of testing terms 2 1Istqb glossary of testing terms 2 1
Istqb glossary of testing terms 2 1
 
Chapter 3.2
Chapter 3.2Chapter 3.2
Chapter 3.2
 
Module 3, topic 1 notes
Module 3, topic 1 notesModule 3, topic 1 notes
Module 3, topic 1 notes
 
Terms used in poetry
Terms used in poetryTerms used in poetry
Terms used in poetry
 
Qtp8 student handboo
Qtp8 student handbooQtp8 student handboo
Qtp8 student handboo
 
Database searching
Database searchingDatabase searching
Database searching
 
Animal nutrition
Animal nutritionAnimal nutrition
Animal nutrition
 
Oteller için İnteraktif Pazarlama Fikirleri
Oteller için İnteraktif Pazarlama FikirleriOteller için İnteraktif Pazarlama Fikirleri
Oteller için İnteraktif Pazarlama Fikirleri
 
Daughter of a Witch Jess’s Story
Daughter of a Witch Jess’s StoryDaughter of a Witch Jess’s Story
Daughter of a Witch Jess’s Story
 
Θερμοδυναμική
ΘερμοδυναμικήΘερμοδυναμική
Θερμοδυναμική
 
Mlug presentation lcty2011
Mlug presentation lcty2011Mlug presentation lcty2011
Mlug presentation lcty2011
 
常常喜樂
常常喜樂常常喜樂
常常喜樂
 
How to go weekly
How to go weeklyHow to go weekly
How to go weekly
 
Hannah Clancy
Hannah Clancy Hannah Clancy
Hannah Clancy
 
So what happens now prologue
So what happens now prologueSo what happens now prologue
So what happens now prologue
 
Question ISTQB foundation 2
Question ISTQB  foundation 2Question ISTQB  foundation 2
Question ISTQB foundation 2
 
Dawn Cottage
Dawn CottageDawn Cottage
Dawn Cottage
 
Syllabuses TTC one year course
Syllabuses TTC  one year courseSyllabuses TTC  one year course
Syllabuses TTC one year course
 

Similar a Chapter 17 – meteorology

Notes - Air Masses, Fronts, Global Winds
Notes - Air Masses, Fronts, Global WindsNotes - Air Masses, Fronts, Global Winds
Notes - Air Masses, Fronts, Global WindsBantay's Oceanography
 
Weather and climate by Daniel Portelli 3.02
Weather and climate by Daniel Portelli 3.02Weather and climate by Daniel Portelli 3.02
Weather and climate by Daniel Portelli 3.02geographystudents
 
Natural Disasters Topic 9 (Inland Storms)
Natural Disasters Topic 9 (Inland Storms)Natural Disasters Topic 9 (Inland Storms)
Natural Disasters Topic 9 (Inland Storms)William W. Little
 
Howdo tropicalrevolvingstormsform
Howdo tropicalrevolvingstormsformHowdo tropicalrevolvingstormsform
Howdo tropicalrevolvingstormsformjacksonthree
 
Weather.Climate.Notes.ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes.pptWeather.Climate.Notes.ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes.pptGraceOro1
 
Weather.Climate.Notes (1).ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes (1).pptWeather.Climate.Notes (1).ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes (1).pptElysaMicu
 
Weather.Climate.Notes powerpoint presentation
Weather.Climate.Notes powerpoint presentationWeather.Climate.Notes powerpoint presentation
Weather.Climate.Notes powerpoint presentationKurtMaverickQuiroga
 
Weather.Climate.Notes this presentation is not mine, for downloading purposes...
Weather.Climate.Notes this presentation is not mine, for downloading purposes...Weather.Climate.Notes this presentation is not mine, for downloading purposes...
Weather.Climate.Notes this presentation is not mine, for downloading purposes...jonijoycesantiago
 
Wind types by Group 2
Wind types by Group 2Wind types by Group 2
Wind types by Group 2e-twinning
 
Copy of airmasses
Copy of airmassesCopy of airmasses
Copy of airmassesMrMatthis
 
Understanding typhoons
Understanding typhoonsUnderstanding typhoons
Understanding typhoonsRoi Fernandez
 
Weather Revision Part 1
Weather Revision Part 1Weather Revision Part 1
Weather Revision Part 1missm
 
Winds, Storms And Cyclone - class 8
Winds, Storms And Cyclone - class 8Winds, Storms And Cyclone - class 8
Winds, Storms And Cyclone - class 8Ankita Nandi
 

Similar a Chapter 17 – meteorology (20)

Weather and Climate
Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate
Weather and Climate
 
Weather.Climate.Notes.ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes.pptWeather.Climate.Notes.ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes.ppt
 
Notes - Air Masses, Fronts, Global Winds
Notes - Air Masses, Fronts, Global WindsNotes - Air Masses, Fronts, Global Winds
Notes - Air Masses, Fronts, Global Winds
 
Air Masses, Global Winds, and Fronts
Air Masses, Global Winds, and FrontsAir Masses, Global Winds, and Fronts
Air Masses, Global Winds, and Fronts
 
Weather and climate by Daniel Portelli 3.02
Weather and climate by Daniel Portelli 3.02Weather and climate by Daniel Portelli 3.02
Weather and climate by Daniel Portelli 3.02
 
Natural Disasters Topic 9 (Inland Storms)
Natural Disasters Topic 9 (Inland Storms)Natural Disasters Topic 9 (Inland Storms)
Natural Disasters Topic 9 (Inland Storms)
 
Howdo tropicalrevolvingstormsform
Howdo tropicalrevolvingstormsformHowdo tropicalrevolvingstormsform
Howdo tropicalrevolvingstormsform
 
Weather.Climate.Notes.ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes.pptWeather.Climate.Notes.ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes.ppt
 
Weather.Climate.Notes.ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes.pptWeather.Climate.Notes.ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes.ppt
 
Weather.Climate.Notes (1).ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes (1).pptWeather.Climate.Notes (1).ppt
Weather.Climate.Notes (1).ppt
 
Weather.Climate.Notes powerpoint presentation
Weather.Climate.Notes powerpoint presentationWeather.Climate.Notes powerpoint presentation
Weather.Climate.Notes powerpoint presentation
 
Weather.Climate.Notes this presentation is not mine, for downloading purposes...
Weather.Climate.Notes this presentation is not mine, for downloading purposes...Weather.Climate.Notes this presentation is not mine, for downloading purposes...
Weather.Climate.Notes this presentation is not mine, for downloading purposes...
 
Wind types by Group 2
Wind types by Group 2Wind types by Group 2
Wind types by Group 2
 
Copy of airmasses
Copy of airmassesCopy of airmasses
Copy of airmasses
 
Airmasses
AirmassesAirmasses
Airmasses
 
Understanding typhoons
Understanding typhoonsUnderstanding typhoons
Understanding typhoons
 
UNIt 2.pptx
UNIt 2.pptxUNIt 2.pptx
UNIt 2.pptx
 
Weather Revision Part 1
Weather Revision Part 1Weather Revision Part 1
Weather Revision Part 1
 
Winds, Storms And Cyclone - class 8
Winds, Storms And Cyclone - class 8Winds, Storms And Cyclone - class 8
Winds, Storms And Cyclone - class 8
 
Chapter seven
Chapter sevenChapter seven
Chapter seven
 

Más de Annie cox

Heating of the earth - 2
Heating of the earth - 2Heating of the earth - 2
Heating of the earth - 2Annie cox
 
Air pressure
Air pressureAir pressure
Air pressureAnnie cox
 
Heating of the earth
Heating of the earthHeating of the earth
Heating of the earthAnnie cox
 
Air pressure
Air pressureAir pressure
Air pressureAnnie cox
 
Unit 2 post assessment
Unit 2 post assessmentUnit 2 post assessment
Unit 2 post assessmentAnnie cox
 
Atmosphere lesson
Atmosphere lessonAtmosphere lesson
Atmosphere lessonAnnie cox
 
Chapter 6 maps
Chapter 6  mapsChapter 6  maps
Chapter 6 mapsAnnie cox
 
Chapter 2 current issues
Chapter 2  current issuesChapter 2  current issues
Chapter 2 current issuesAnnie cox
 
Chapter 14 – water resources
Chapter 14 – water resourcesChapter 14 – water resources
Chapter 14 – water resourcesAnnie cox
 
Chapter 22 – astronomical technology
Chapter 22 – astronomical technologyChapter 22 – astronomical technology
Chapter 22 – astronomical technologyAnnie cox
 
Chapter 21 stars
Chapter 21   starsChapter 21   stars
Chapter 21 starsAnnie cox
 
Chapter 20 planetary motion
Chapter 20   planetary motionChapter 20   planetary motion
Chapter 20 planetary motionAnnie cox
 
Chapter 19 – formation of the universe
Chapter 19 – formation of the universeChapter 19 – formation of the universe
Chapter 19 – formation of the universeAnnie cox
 
Chapter 18 – air pollution and global changes
Chapter 18 – air pollution and global changesChapter 18 – air pollution and global changes
Chapter 18 – air pollution and global changesAnnie cox
 
Chapter 17 – meteorology
Chapter 17 – meteorologyChapter 17 – meteorology
Chapter 17 – meteorologyAnnie cox
 
Chapter 16 – the atmosphere and weather
Chapter 16 – the atmosphere and weatherChapter 16 – the atmosphere and weather
Chapter 16 – the atmosphere and weatherAnnie cox
 
Chapter 15 – water quality and pollution
Chapter 15 – water quality and pollutionChapter 15 – water quality and pollution
Chapter 15 – water quality and pollutionAnnie cox
 
Chapter 14 – water resources
Chapter 14 – water resourcesChapter 14 – water resources
Chapter 14 – water resourcesAnnie cox
 
Chapter 13 – oceans and beaches
Chapter 13 – oceans and beachesChapter 13 – oceans and beaches
Chapter 13 – oceans and beachesAnnie cox
 

Más de Annie cox (20)

Heating of the earth - 2
Heating of the earth - 2Heating of the earth - 2
Heating of the earth - 2
 
Air pressure
Air pressureAir pressure
Air pressure
 
Heating of the earth
Heating of the earthHeating of the earth
Heating of the earth
 
Air pressure
Air pressureAir pressure
Air pressure
 
Unit 2 post assessment
Unit 2 post assessmentUnit 2 post assessment
Unit 2 post assessment
 
Atmosphere lesson
Atmosphere lessonAtmosphere lesson
Atmosphere lesson
 
Chapter 6 maps
Chapter 6  mapsChapter 6  maps
Chapter 6 maps
 
Chapter 2 current issues
Chapter 2  current issuesChapter 2  current issues
Chapter 2 current issues
 
Chapter 14 – water resources
Chapter 14 – water resourcesChapter 14 – water resources
Chapter 14 – water resources
 
Chapter 22 – astronomical technology
Chapter 22 – astronomical technologyChapter 22 – astronomical technology
Chapter 22 – astronomical technology
 
Chapter 21 stars
Chapter 21   starsChapter 21   stars
Chapter 21 stars
 
Chapter 20 planetary motion
Chapter 20   planetary motionChapter 20   planetary motion
Chapter 20 planetary motion
 
Chapter 19 – formation of the universe
Chapter 19 – formation of the universeChapter 19 – formation of the universe
Chapter 19 – formation of the universe
 
Chapter 18 – air pollution and global changes
Chapter 18 – air pollution and global changesChapter 18 – air pollution and global changes
Chapter 18 – air pollution and global changes
 
Chapter 17 – meteorology
Chapter 17 – meteorologyChapter 17 – meteorology
Chapter 17 – meteorology
 
Chapter 16 – the atmosphere and weather
Chapter 16 – the atmosphere and weatherChapter 16 – the atmosphere and weather
Chapter 16 – the atmosphere and weather
 
Chapter 15 – water quality and pollution
Chapter 15 – water quality and pollutionChapter 15 – water quality and pollution
Chapter 15 – water quality and pollution
 
Chapter 14 – water resources
Chapter 14 – water resourcesChapter 14 – water resources
Chapter 14 – water resources
 
Chapter 13 – oceans and beaches
Chapter 13 – oceans and beachesChapter 13 – oceans and beaches
Chapter 13 – oceans and beaches
 
Doubleside
DoublesideDoubleside
Doubleside
 

Último

Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot TakeoffStrategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoffsammart93
 
Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...
Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...
Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...Igalia
 
Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)
Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)
Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)wesley chun
 
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivityBoost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivityPrincipled Technologies
 
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)Gabriella Davis
 
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...Martijn de Jong
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Diplomatic Enclave Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Diplomatic Enclave Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Diplomatic Enclave Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Diplomatic Enclave Women Seeking MenDelhi Call girls
 
Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...
Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...
Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...Enterprise Knowledge
 
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemkeProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemkeProduct Anonymous
 
EIS-Webinar-Prompt-Knowledge-Eng-2024-04-08.pptx
EIS-Webinar-Prompt-Knowledge-Eng-2024-04-08.pptxEIS-Webinar-Prompt-Knowledge-Eng-2024-04-08.pptx
EIS-Webinar-Prompt-Knowledge-Eng-2024-04-08.pptxEarley Information Science
 
CNv6 Instructor Chapter 6 Quality of Service
CNv6 Instructor Chapter 6 Quality of ServiceCNv6 Instructor Chapter 6 Quality of Service
CNv6 Instructor Chapter 6 Quality of Servicegiselly40
 
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdfBoost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdfsudhanshuwaghmare1
 
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone ProcessorsExploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processorsdebabhi2
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Civil Lines Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Civil Lines Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Civil Lines Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Civil Lines Women Seeking MenDelhi Call girls
 
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...Drew Madelung
 
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organizationScaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organizationRadu Cotescu
 
The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024
The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024
The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024Rafal Los
 
🐬 The future of MySQL is Postgres 🐘
🐬  The future of MySQL is Postgres   🐘🐬  The future of MySQL is Postgres   🐘
🐬 The future of MySQL is Postgres 🐘RTylerCroy
 
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerHow to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerThousandEyes
 
Understanding Discord NSFW Servers A Guide for Responsible Users.pdf
Understanding Discord NSFW Servers A Guide for Responsible Users.pdfUnderstanding Discord NSFW Servers A Guide for Responsible Users.pdf
Understanding Discord NSFW Servers A Guide for Responsible Users.pdfUK Journal
 

Último (20)

Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot TakeoffStrategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
 
Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...
Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...
Raspberry Pi 5: Challenges and Solutions in Bringing up an OpenGL/Vulkan Driv...
 
Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)
Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)
Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)
 
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivityBoost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
 
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
 
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Diplomatic Enclave Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Diplomatic Enclave Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Diplomatic Enclave Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Diplomatic Enclave Women Seeking Men
 
Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...
Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...
Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...
 
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemkeProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
ProductAnonymous-April2024-WinProductDiscovery-MelissaKlemke
 
EIS-Webinar-Prompt-Knowledge-Eng-2024-04-08.pptx
EIS-Webinar-Prompt-Knowledge-Eng-2024-04-08.pptxEIS-Webinar-Prompt-Knowledge-Eng-2024-04-08.pptx
EIS-Webinar-Prompt-Knowledge-Eng-2024-04-08.pptx
 
CNv6 Instructor Chapter 6 Quality of Service
CNv6 Instructor Chapter 6 Quality of ServiceCNv6 Instructor Chapter 6 Quality of Service
CNv6 Instructor Chapter 6 Quality of Service
 
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdfBoost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
 
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone ProcessorsExploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Civil Lines Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Civil Lines Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Civil Lines Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Civil Lines Women Seeking Men
 
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
 
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organizationScaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
 
The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024
The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024
The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024
 
🐬 The future of MySQL is Postgres 🐘
🐬  The future of MySQL is Postgres   🐘🐬  The future of MySQL is Postgres   🐘
🐬 The future of MySQL is Postgres 🐘
 
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerHow to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
 
Understanding Discord NSFW Servers A Guide for Responsible Users.pdf
Understanding Discord NSFW Servers A Guide for Responsible Users.pdfUnderstanding Discord NSFW Servers A Guide for Responsible Users.pdf
Understanding Discord NSFW Servers A Guide for Responsible Users.pdf
 

Chapter 17 – meteorology

  • 1. Chapter 17 – Meteorology Why can’t meteorologists always predict the weather correctly?
  • 2.
  • 3. 1. Maritime tropical - warm, moist air that forms over the ocean near the equator bringing hot, humid air in the summer
  • 4. 2. Maritime polar- forms over the Pacific ocean in both winter and summer, bringing cooler temperatures to Eastern states in the summer and heavy snow and colder temperatures in the winter
  • 5.  
  • 6. 3. Continental tropical- forms over land in Mexico during the summer, bringing dry, hot air to southwestern states 4. Continental polar- forms over land in Northern Canada bringing cold temperatures to the US during the winter
  • 7. B. Fronts- the place where two different air masses meet . Fronts are usually scenes of dramatic weather changes and sometimes violent storms. The changes that fronts bring depend on the season and location. There are four types of fronts:
  • 8.  
  • 9. 1. Cold front - a mass of cold air meets and pushes under a mass of warm air . The warm air is pushed up creating storms.
  • 10.  
  • 11. 2. Warm front - a mass of warm air overtakes a cold air mass and moves over it creating rain and showers followed by hot, humid weather
  • 12.  
  • 13. 3. Occluded front- a cold front overtakes a warm front or cold air overtakes a cold front producing less extreme weather
  • 14.  
  • 15. 4. Stationary front - a warm air mass meets a cold air mass and no movement occurs , causing rain to stay in an area for many days
  • 16.  
  • 17. That was a dust mite.
  • 18. II. Storms (also called extratropical cyclones ) are violent disturbances in the atmosphere. Storms draw their energy from temperature differences , which makes the boundary between warm and cold air (fronts) a favored path for storms .
  • 19.  
  • 20. A. Rainstorms- form when a warm front meets a cold front and nimbostratus clouds develop. In the summer, steady rainfall develops and in the winter, heavy snowfall
  • 22. B. Thunderstorms- occur when a cold front meets a warm front producing cumulonimbus clouds. These systems need unstable air , warm air near the ground and cold air aloft to form.
  • 23.  
  • 24. 1. Lightning is a common component of thunderstorms. It is caused when the attraction between positive (builds on ground) and negative (clouds) charges becomes strong enough to overcome the air’s high resistance to electrical flow
  • 25.  
  • 26. 2. Thunder results as the tremendous energy of lightning flashes is turned into heat and then into sound waves . (Start counting when you see a lightning flash to determine how far away it is. If you hear the thunder in 5 seconds the lightning’s a mile away, 10 second 2 miles away)
  • 28. 3. Single-cell thunderstorms are the simplest kind although the life cycle of other kinds are essentially the same. The following steps explain the birth, life and death of a thunderstorm:
  • 29. a. Warm humid air (called updrafts) rises from the ground b. The air cools to its dew point , condensation begins to form a cloud. c. Ice crystals or water droplets grow big enough to overcome the updraft and begin falling, dragging down the air.
  • 30. d. The falling precipitation and air being dragged down form downdrafts . e. Updrafts continue feeding warm, humid air into the storm. Existence of both updrafts and downdrafts make this the storm’s most violent stage
  • 32. f. Downdrafts grow, choking off updrafts. g. With its supply of humid air cut , the storm begins dying and rain tapers off.
  • 33. 4. Multicell storms, which are clusters of single cell storms , are the most common kind of thunderstorms.
  • 34.  
  • 35. 5. Supercell thunderstorms, sometimes called steady-state thunderstorms, are the most dangerous and may last for hours. These are the storms that produce dangerous tornadoes. These storms are driven by mesocyclones (a rotating column of rising air) which supply the spin that strong tornadoes require.
  • 36.  
  • 37.  
  • 38. Review Questions 1. What atmospheric conditions cause changes in our weather? Air masses and fronts
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.  
  • 43. 1. Hurricanes are examples of powerful cyclones that form over tropical oceans. Winds spiraling around move in a counterclockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere .
  • 47. Flood damage from Katrina
  • 48.  
  • 49.  
  • 50.  
  • 51.  
  • 52.
  • 53. d. Air up to 18,000 feet needs to be humid as it’s pulled into the storm. e. Winds not created by the storm, should be coming from nearly the same direction and at close to the same speeds at all altitudes to ensure the storm continues.
  • 54. f. Upper atmosphere high-pressure area helps to pump away air rising in the storm
  • 55. 3. A hurricanes spinning system of rising air creates a doughnut-shaped wall of strong winds (74 mph or more), clouds and rainfall. Inside the wall is the calm eye of the hurricane.
  • 56. 4. Storm surge- this is the large dome of water that causes flooding , claiming more victims than wind.
  • 59.  
  • 60.  
  • 61.  
  • 62.  
  • 63. B. Anticyclones- a high pressure area that contains cold, dry air. In the Northern hemisphere these winds move in a clockwise direction . Weather caused by anticyclones is usually fair, clear, and dry
  • 64.  
  • 65.
  • 66. 2. What is the difference between cyclones and anticyclones? Cyclones usually cause very destructive weather. Anticyclones are characterized by fair weather.
  • 67.
  • 68. B. Meteorologists use information from various sources before predicting the weather. The following are used to help meteorologists around the world:
  • 69.  
  • 70. 1 . Local weather observers and weather stations- observations taken near the Earth's surface using instruments (e.g. barometers, thermometers, anemometers and rain gauges) and visual observations (e.g. cloud and weather type). These surface observations are made at approved sites over the land and from ships at sea. Standard types of instruments are used and observations are usually made at least every three hours, and in many cases hourly.
  • 71. 2. Weather balloons- from approximately 500 stations around the globe. These balloons are launched at the same time every day , 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. These balloons rise more than 15 miles into the atmosphere and contain radiosondes , which measure air pressure, temperature and humidity. The balloons are also tracked to measure wind speeds and direction.
  • 72.  
  • 73. 3. Satellites- provide cloud-top images, ocean and land temperatures , upper-air temperatures, humidity, wind speeds, and locations of invisible water vapor. In addition, they can monitor the sun, pick up emergency signals from downed aircraft and ships, and relay data from weather instruments on land and at sea.
  • 74.  
  • 75. a. Geostationary satellites remain at fixed points (their speed matches the Earth’s rotation ) and orbit west-to-east at 22,238 miles above the equator. GOES stands for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite.
  • 76. b. Polar satellites orbit at lower altitudes (200 miles) traveling north to south over the poles
  • 77. c. In North America, images from satellites are sent every half hour .
  • 78.  
  • 79.  
  • 80. 4. Radars- radar measures reflected sound waves . Using Doppler radar , meteorologists can get a picture of precipitation that allows them to track a storm's progress over time.
  • 81.  
  • 82. As sound waves are given off by the radar they will come in contact with raindrops and other kinds of precipitation and reflect waves back to the radar antenna. If the rain is moving away, fewer sound waves at a lower frequency are sent back.
  • 83. If the rain is moving towards the radar, more sound waves at a higher frequency are sent back. This data is then converted into maps.
  • 84.  
  • 85.  
  • 86. 5. Computer generated models- these models use mathematical equations to help predict the weather . The models are only calculated by acquiring vast amounts of information from satellites, radars, weather balloons and weather stations. This data is then used by supercomputers to calculate what the atmosphere will do at specific places over a large area and from the surface to the top of the atmosphere.
  • 87.  
  • 88. That was a yellow bellied sap sucker
  • 89. C. Meteorologists must use data from many sources in order to get the most accurate picture of the weather.
  • 90.  
  • 91. That was a Vicuna
  • 92. D. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) allows for international exchange of weather data. This data is then sent to World Meteorological centers (in US, Washington D.C.) for analysis. Then charts, maps, and forecasts are sent to regional and local weather service offices.
  • 93. E. Scientists soon realized after using computer models that a tiny difference in the numbers fed into the computer created drastic differences in the results. Therefore, meteorologists use several computer models to try to predict weather conditions on a daily basis.
  • 94. F. Meteorologists use current and historic data to predict the weather, but atmospheric conditions can change quickly, causing local weather to be different than predicted.
  • 95.  
  • 96. Review Questions 1. What sources of information do meteorologists use to predict the weather? Doppler, local people, weather balloons, computer models, satellites.
  • 97.  
  • 98.  
  • 99. 2. Why do meteorologists use several computer models to forecast weather? Because weather can change instantly and its best to have as many sources as possible.
  • 100.
  • 101. B. Information on weather maps is usually recorded using numbers and symbols to represent wind speed, cloud cover, precipitation, fronts, and areas of high and low pressure.
  • 102. B. Information on weather maps is usually recorded using numbers and symbols to represent wind speed, cloud cover, precipitation, fronts, and areas of high and low pressure.
  • 103.  
  • 104. D. To represent a warm front on a weather map use a line with half circles pointing the direction of its movement. Use a line with triangles pointing the direction of its movement to represent a cold front.
  • 105.  
  • 106.
  • 107.  
  • 108.
  • 109. C. Cloud seeding has been the only successful weather modification project in the past. It encourages clouds to form growing water droplets that will become heavy enough to fall as rain or snow. Steps in cloud seeding:
  • 110. 1. Airplanes fly through clouds spreading dry ice or silver iodide throughout the cloud. 2. The silver iodide causes ice crystals to form and grow from surrounding water vapor and water liquid. 3. The ice crystals grow until they are large enough to begin falling as rain or snow.
  • 111.  
  • 112. C. The latest research into controlling the weather is based on the sensitivity of the atmosphere . Scientists understand that the atmosphere is chaotic and difficult to predict. Knowing this, scientists believe that “just right perturbations” to the atmosphere may allow them to have some control over the weather. These “perturbations” would be possible with sensors, satellites, aircraft contrails (essentially cirrus clouds), solar reflectors, space solar power generators, wind turbines, and massive computer technology.
  • 113. D. In the future, controlling the weather could lead to no droughts , no tornadoes, no snow storms during rush hour, and controlling the path of a hurricane .
  • 114. E. The problem with weather experiments is there are no guarantees that weather changing efforts are working or if it is simply Mother Nature at work causing changes.
  • 115. F. There are also many ethical and legal issues when considering the possibilities of controlling the weather in the future.
  • 116. Review Questions 1. What information is displayed on a station circle? Cloud cover, temp, air pressure, wind speed and wind direction
  • 117. 2. Do you think that scientists should be able to control the weather? Why or why not?
  • 118.