The documents discuss unity and coherence in essays. Unity means all ideas in an essay are connected to a single topic or thesis. Coherence means ideas are arranged in a clear, logical way to make them easy for readers to understand. Some ways to achieve unity include editing the outline to remove irrelevant ideas and reviewing the essay to check for off-topic ideas. Coherence can be created through organized structures, transition signals between sentences and paragraphs, repeating important words, and pronoun references to connect ideas.
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Maintaining Unity and Coherence in Essays
1.
2. What is Unity?
Unity means single idea. In other words,
unity in writing is the connection all ideas to
a single topic. In an essay all ideas should
relate to the thesis statement, and the
supporting ideas in a main body paragraph
should relate to the topic sentence. For
example, if your essay is about the
advantages of nuclear power, discuss only
that.
Do
not
discuss
about
the
disadvantages.
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3. Keeping Unity in an Essay
One way to keep unity in an essay is to edit
the outline for ideas that are not relevant to
the thesis statement or topic sentence. Also,
after you have written the essay, it is helpful
to review the text and look for ideas that do
not relate to the thesis statement or the topic
sentence.
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4. What is Coherence?
Coherence is related to unity. Ideas that are
arranged in a clear and logical way are
coherent. The purpose of coherence is to
make the readers can easily understand the
main points.
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5. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
When organising your ideas, think about what type of
organisation is the best for your topic or essay type. Here are
some examples of types of writing and good ways to organise
them
Type of Writing
Type of Organisation
Chronology
Order by time or order of events/ steps
Description
Order by position, size, and shape of things
Classification
Group of ideas and explain them in a
logical order
Comparison/ Contrast
Organise in point-by-point or block style
Argumentation/ persuasion/
cause effect
Order from least important to most
important
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6. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
Cohesive Devices
Cohesive devices are words and phrases that
connect sentences and paragraphs together,
creating a smooth flow of ideas. Here are
three kinds of cohesive devices that can be
used:
1.transition signals
2.pronoun references
3.repetion of key noun
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7. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
Cohesive Devices (Transition Signals)
Transition signals can be categorized into three
groups by grammatical function. The three groups
are:
a.sentence connectors (including transition phrases
and conjunctive adverbs) ,
b.clause connectors (including coordinating
conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions), and
c.mixed group called others.
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8. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
Cohesive Devices (Transition Signals)
Meaning/ Function
To introduce similar
additional idea
To compare things
To introduce an
opposite idea, and to
contrast things
Clause Connectors
Sentence
Connectors
Coordinators
Subordinators
Others (Adjectives, Verbs,
and Prepositions)
also
besides
furthermore
in addition
moreover
too
also
likewise
similarly
too
and
nor
(“and not)
another
an additional
and
both ... and
not only ... but also
neither ... nor
as
just as
however
in contrast
instead
in/ by comparison
nevertheless
nonetheless
on the other hand
on the contrary
still
but
yet
although
even though
though
whereas
while
as ... as
like/ alike
just like
similar to
be alike
be similar
despite
in spite of
compared to/ with
be different (from)
be dissimilar
be unlike
differ (from)
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9. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
Cohesive Devices (Transition Signals)
Meaning/ Function
To introduce
example
To emphasize
To
explain
restate
To introduce
alternative
Clause Connectors
Sentence
Connectors
an for example
for instance
in fact
and indeed
that is
an otherwise
To
signal first, second, etc.
chronological order
first of all
then, next
now, then, soon
last finally
meanwhile
gradually
after that
since then
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Coordinators
Others (Adjectives, Verbs,
and Prepositions)
Subordinators
such as
an example of
or
if
unless
after
as
as soon as
before
since
until
when
while
the first, the second
the next, the last, the final
before lunch
after the war
since ....
in the year ...
9
10. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
Cohesive Devices (Transition Signals)
Meaning/ Function
To indicate order of above all
importance
first and foremost
more/ most
importantly/
significantly
primarily
To introduce a cause
or reason
To introduce
effect or result
Clause Connectors
Sentence
Connectors
an accordingly
as a result
as a consequence
consequently
hence, thus
therefore
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Coordinators
Subordinators
Others (Adjectives, Verbs,
and Prepositions)
a more important
the most important
the second most significant
the primaily
for
because
since
as
So
result from
be the result of
due to
because of
the effect of
the consequence of
as a result of
as a consequence of
result in
cause
have an effect on
affect
the cause of
the reason for
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11. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
Cohesive Devices (Transition Signals)
Meaning/ Function
To conclude
Clause Connectors
Sentence
Connectors
all in all,
in brief,
in conclusion,
in short,
in summary,
indeed,
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Coordinators
Subordinators
Others (Adjectives, Verbs,
and Prepositions)
It is clear that ...
We can see that ...
The evidence suggets that ...
These examples show that ...
11
12. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
Cohesive Devices (Pronoun References)
Two sentences can be connected by the use of pronoun. A pronoun (he, she, it, they, etc.) takes the place of a noun (a person, place, thing, or idea) or noun phrase (several words that refer to a person, place, thing, or
idea).
Example:
Gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental puposes.
The pronoun it refers back to the subject, Gold, and connects the two sentence together.
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13. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
Cohesive
Noun)
Devices
(Repetition
of
Key
Another way to connect ideas in an essay is by repeating important words and phrases. This will help the reader remember the main ideas in the text.
Example:
Modern medicine focuses on illness. If a patient with a cough visits a modern doctor, then the doctor will give the patient a medicine to stop the cough. If the patient also has a fever, the doctor may give a
different medicine to stop the fever. For every person with a cough, the doctor will probably recommend the same cough medicine. The philosophy of modern medicine is to stop problems like coughing and
fever as quickly as possible.
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14. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
Cohesive
Noun)
Devices
(Repetition
of
Key
Another way to connect ideas in an essay is by repeating important words and phrases. This will help the reader remember the main ideas in the text.
Example:
Modern medicine focuses on illness. If a patient with a cough visits a modern doctor, then the doctor will give the patient a medicine to stop the cough. If the patient also has a fever, the doctor may give a
different medicine to stop the fever. For every person with a cough, the doctor will probably recommend the same cough medicine. The philosophy of modern medicine is to stop problems like coughing
and fever as quickly as possible.
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15. How to Make Our Essay Coherence?
Cohesive
Noun)
Devices
(Repetition
of
Key
Another way to connect ideas in an essay is by repeating important words and phrases. This will help the reader remember the main ideas in the text.
Example:
Modern medicine focuses on illness. If a patient with a cough visits a modern doctor, then the doctor will give the patient a medicine to stop the cough. If the patient also has a fever, the doctor may give a
different medicine to stop the fever. For every person with a cough, the doctor will probably recommend the same cough medicine. The philosophy of modern medicine is to stop problems like coughing
and fever as quickly as possible.
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16. Transitions
Link ideas so that they relate to one another
in the same way
as a result
similarly
therefore
likewise
finally
while
in conclusion
on the other hand
in summary
although
lastly
however
in addition