This document provides an introduction to the field of linguistics. It defines linguistics as the scientific study of language and discusses how linguistics differs from traditional grammar in taking a descriptive rather than prescriptive approach. The document also outlines some key areas of focus in linguistics, including general vs. specific linguistics, synchronic vs. diachronic analysis, micro vs. macro linguistics, and theoretical vs. applied linguistics. Finally, it discusses theories around the origin of human language.

1. Introduction to Linguistics

2. Second Meeting:
Linguistics and Language
Edi Brata
Mathla’ul Anwar University Banten

3. What is Linguistics?
It is scientific study of language.

4. Scientific study of language, you think this?

5. Science Vs. Knowledge
Systematic
inquiry
Experiences

6. Systematic Inquiry
Deductive Inductive
Theoretical
Empirical

8. Naturally, human have language. Why does
it needs to be learnt scientifically?

9. Naturally, human
have eyes, but
why do people
need to learn eyes
scientifically?
Then, why do we
have eyes’ doctor?

10. Linguist

11. Linguistics Traditional
Grammar

12. How does linguistics differ from
traditional grammar?
• Linguistics is descriptive not prescriptive
• Linguist regard the spoken language as primary, not
written
• Linguistics does not force into a Latin-based framework
• Traditional grammar tends to use logic

13. The Scope of Linguistics

14. The Scope of Linguistics
General Linguistics Vs. Specific Linguistics
Synchronic Vs. Diachronic
Micro Linguistics Vs. Macro Linguistics
Theoretical Vs. Applied

15. WHY SHOULD WE CARE?
o Because we need diversity
o Because languages express identity
o Because languages are repositories of history
o Because languages contribute to the sum of
human knowledge
o Because languages are interesting in themselves

16. LANGUAGE:
The Object of Linguistics

17. A system of arbitrary, vocal symbols which
permits all people in a given culture, or other
people who have learned the system of that
culture , to communicate or to interact (Finochario,
1974:3 in Alwasilah, 1993:82).
What is
language?

18. Language is the method of human
communication, either spoken or written,
consisting of the use of words in a structured
and conventional way (Kwary, 2009).
What is
language?

19. A system of arbitrary
vocal symbol used for
human communication.
What is
language?

20. The Concept of Language
De Saussure (1916):
o Lange (English, Malaya, Sundanese)
o Langage (Human differs from Animal)
o Parole (Sounds)

21. LANGUAGE:
THE OBJECT OF LINGUISTICS
Lange
Langage
Parole

22. THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE:
TRADITIONAL THEORY
o Human origin is language origin (Fromkin and
Rodman, 1983:26).
o Divine Origin Theory (Fromkin and Rodman, 1983:17;
Alwasilah: 1993:1).
o Organic Phase Theory (Alwasilah: 1993:2)
1. Pooh-pooh Theory (Charles Darwin) - Emotional Expression
2. Dingdong/ Nativistic Theory (Max Muller) – Natural
3. Yo-he-ho Theory – Social Interactivity
4. Bow-wow / Onomatopoetic/ Echoic Theory – Come from Nature
5. La-la Theory – Romantic
6. Gesture Theory - Gesture before Speech

23. THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE:
MODERN APPROACH
o Human and language growth together
(Alwasilah, 1993:5).
o Human is the perfect creature (Alwasilah,
1993:6).

24. Thank You
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