Climate System

Climate vs. Weather ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Climate vs. Weather ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Climate Change and the Climate System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ice Ages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recall the evidence for the last glacial period during our hike

Ice Ages Glacial Glacial Glacial Glacial Today’s Interglacial Period

Cause of the Ice Ages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Climate Forcing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plate Tectonics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plate Tectonics and Global Cooling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plate Tectonics and Global Warming ,[object Object],[object Object]

Flood Basalts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Aerosols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reflective Aerosols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Aerosols and Volcanic Eruptions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Black Carbon Aerosols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Solar Variability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Solar Variability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Solar Variability ,[object Object]

Solar Minimums ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Greenhouse Gasses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A Few Words about Water Vapor.. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Greenhouse Gasses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Rates of Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object]

Abrupt Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Abrupt Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object],Stable State Unstable State

Climate Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Climate Feedback

Examples of Feedbacks when atmospheric temperature increase ,[object Object],[object Object]

Feedback and the Climate System ,[object Object],[object Object],Positive Feedback Negative Feedback Note: It is positive , rather than negative feedbacks that contribute to abrupt climate changes.

Climate Feedback Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ocean – Carbon Dioxide Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ocean – Carbon Dioxide Feedback Note the positive correlation between atmospheric CO 2 and global temperature over the past 450,000 years.

Water Vapor Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ice-Albedo Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Methane Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Methane Feedback - PETM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Methane Feedback Arctic Permafrost ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cloud Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biological Feedbacks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ocean Circulation Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Younger Dryas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Climate System

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Climate System