This document provides an overview of surrealism including its founding, history, major artists, and influences. It was founded in 1924 by André Breton with the goal of uniting the conscious and unconscious realms. Major surrealist artists mentioned include Salvador Dali, René Magritte, Man Ray, Max Ernst, and Joan Miró. Influences on surrealism included World War I, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and automatic writing. The movement had impacts on later art forms including abstract expressionism, neo-expressionism, and photography.

1. Dan Adsit Liz Ferrill Erin Fowler Surrealism Surrealism Liz Ferrill Dan Adsit Erin Fowler 6th hour

2. Background Founded in 1924 by André Breton (Surrealist Manifesto) Manifesto stated: it was the means of uniting the conscious and unconscious realms The world of dream and fantasy would be joined to the everyday rational world in a “surreality” Emphasis on psychic automatism: artist using the interplay between free creation and unconscious where there is no conscious control Major artists include Dali, Magritte, Man Ray, Ernst, and Miró

4. Automatic writing: continuation of writing without thinking what is beneath your pen, writing as fast as you can, choosing a letter to begin a sentence at random

5. Gave an outlet for repressed thoughts and instincts

7. Considered to be the pre-Surrealist phase

8. Surrealism has a lighter spirit than Dadaism

9. December 1, 1924: La Revolution Surrealistewas the “the most shocking review in the world”

11. History Cont. Surrealists’ Goal: attempt to discover a super-reality Tap into hallucinatory power of the irrational Surrealist poets were reluctant to align themselves with visual artists (laborious process of painting, drawing, sculpting were at odds with spontaneity of uninhibited expression) Surrealist movement in Europe dissolved with onset of World War II Renewal in the United States around 1940

12. Influences on Surrealism World War I World War II Dada Heisenberg Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung Einstein

14. JoanMiró Timeline 1913-17: Fauvist influence-Close objects with bright, broken colors, decorative ornaments 1918: Detailistic phase/poetic realism (farms) “The Farm” (1921)

15. JoanMiró 1923: Move toward sign-like forms, geometric shapes, overall rhythm 1924: joined Surrealist group led by breton (never completely integrated himself) 1927-28: Images crowded, gradually simplified “Horse, Pipe, and Red Flower” (1920) “Air” (1930)

16. JoanMiró 1930s: Experimentation with materials, dropped all traditional practices 1950: Mottled and “painterly” background, touches of color but mostly black and white 1950-70: Monuments and sculptures “Figurgegen rote Sonne II” (1950) “Lunar Bird” (1945)

17. Constellations

18. Miró:Paintings Influenced by: Catalan folk art (flat, 2-dimensional, natural forms) Romanesque church frescoes in native Spain Crude execution, simple, flat, cartoon-like images Primary colors with thick black boundary Dark surrounding field Memory, fantasy, “hunger hallucinations”, informalism Grattage: partial images (complete image in mind of viewer), scrap paint off canvas with a trowel, increase texture Concentrated interest on the symbol embedded in piece

19. Miró:Paintings Paintings have a whimsical, humorous quality (like a 5 year old’s drawings) Differences of scale (largest object is most important) Playfully distorted animal forms, geometric constructions, organic shapes Limited range of bright colors Overall type composition: encompass entire canvas evenly Movement (curves, organic forms) Characterized by body language and freshness

20. Harlequin’s Carnival (1924-1925)

21. Still Life with Old Shoe (1937)

22. The Garden

23. SalvadorDali “Every morning upon awakening, I experience a supreme pleasure: that of being Salvador Dali” 1904-1989

25. Bright and exuberant colors

26. Influenced by cubism, psychology, and philosophy

27. Finds comfort in art from ambiguous sexuality

28. Encouraged by Roman Pichot

30. Influenced by Neo-Cubists, Impressionists, and Realists, Hieronymus Bosch’s landscapes of hell“Garden of Earthly Delights” (1515)

31. MeetingPicasso (1926) “Figure on the Rocks” (1926) “Apparatus and Hand” (1927)

33. “DismalSport” (1929)

34. ParanoiacCriticalMethod Induced paranoid state Gain greater understanding of world and reality Work through obsessions with symbolism “The Persistence of Memory” (1931)

35. “TheEnigma of WilliamTell” (1933)

36. PostSpanishCivilWar “Soft Construction wit Boiled Beans (Premonition of War)” (1936) “Autumn Cannibalism” (1936)

37. PostWorldWarII “Daddy Long Legs of the Evening-Hope!” (1940)

39. Paintings become more comprehensible to public

40. Reflects growing interest in Catholicism and in post WWII science and physics

41. Heisenberg replaces Freud as “father”“Galatea of the Spheres” (1952)

42. “The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory” (1954)

43. “The Hallucinogenic Toreador” (1970)

44. AndreBreton Writer/poet Published magazine, La Révolutionsurréaliste One of the founders and leaders of the Surrealist movement Main Style: Automatic writing

45. “Les Champs magnétiques(The Magnetic Fields)”(1920) First piece to employ automatic writing

46. TheSurrealistManifesto (1924) “pure psychic automatism whereby one’s intention is to express, either verbally or in writing, or in any other way, the real functioning of thought”

47. LesVasescommunicants (The Communicating Vessels) (1932) Aimed to establish the existence of close connections between dreams and the waking state

48. ManRay - “I photographed as I painted, transforming the subject as a painter would” - “I do not photograph nature. I photograph my visions” Experimented with new photography procedures: Rayograph: photographs without a camera -Also experimented with writing, painting, and Surrealist objects

49. “Le Violond'Ingres” (1924)

50. Untitled Rayograph(1922)

51. “Electricity”(1931)

52. “The Gift”(1921)

54. Founded Belgian Surrealist Group, member of Breton’s group in Paris

55. Juxtaposed ordinary objects in an extraordinary way - Methodical in his painting, had mastered the traditional art styles

56. Querelledesuniversaux (1928)

57. Latrahisondesimages (The Treachery of Images) (1929) “This is not a pipe”

58. “The Portrait”(1935)

59. “Golconda” (1953)

60. “The HumanCondition” (1933)

61. ImpactofSurrealism

62. Picasso “Guernica”

63. AbstractExpressionism: Gorkey “The Liver is the Cock’s Comb” (1944) “Garden in Sochi”

64. AbstractExpressionism: Pollock “Autumn Rhythm #30, 1950” (1950)

65. Neo-Expressionism: Clemente “Water and Wine” (1981)

66. Sculpture: Hans Arp Human Concetion Series

67. Sculpture: Calder “Lobster Trap and Fishtail”

68. Photography: Brandt “London Child”

69. Fashion: Elsa Shirapelli “Shoe Hat” “Lobster Dress” “Skeleton Dress”

70. Politics Directly: joining or aligning themselves with radical political groups, movements, and parties Indirectly: emphasize link between freeing imagination and the mind from archaic social structures New Left of the 1960’s and 70’s French revolt of May 1968

71. Literature: Joyce Stream of consciousness style of writing