1. Regional Development
International Conference Latvia.
Greg Clark Dec 2011 1

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3. A Re-Balanced World With No More Core and Periphery
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4. The new horizon

5. Human and Urban Development and Ecological Footprint by Country
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6. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND ECOLOGICAL
FOOTPRINT BY COUNTRY
WELL-DESIGNED
CITIES
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7. Traditional Regional Policies New Regional Policies
‘Regional Planning’ ‘Territorial Development’
1950s to 1990s 1980s to present
Objectives Balance national economies by Increase regional development
compensating for disparities performance
Strategies Sectoral approach Integrated development programmes and
projects
Geog. focus Political regions Metro regions and eco regions
Target Lagging regions All regions - Metropolitan regions
Context National economy International economy and local
economies
Tools Subsidies, incentives, state aids, Assets, drivers of growth, soft and hard
and regulations infrastructures, collaboration incentives,
development agencies, co-operative
governance, financial intermediation
Actors National governments and Multiple levels of governments, private
sometimes regional governments and civic actors. Implementation agencies.
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Collaborative governance

8. Integrated Framework For City/Region Development
Global economy and
Macro-economic
framework
Markets
Feedback effects
Development and growth
Productivity Use of Population
resources
Innovation Industrial Business Human Environ Connectivity
Drivers & creativity structure ownership & mgt capital mgt
Business Educational Land and Social/ cultural Ecological Governance
environment and research physical infrastructure & base structure
& investment base infrastructure quality of life
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Pre-conditions

9. Requirements of the two models
Traditional New
Political Orientation Market Orientation
Development within Linkages between
regions regions
Departmental approach: Whole of Gov approach
capable National Gov Capable local/regional
governance
Technical skills and
administration Leadership and alliance 9
building

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16. A basic typology
1. Regional admin/gov with City-Regions.
Germany, Italy, France, Spain.
2. Regional admin/gov without City-Regions.
Poland, Netherlands, Portugal, Korea.
3. Strong Federal States, encouraging City-Regions
without Regional Gov or nation wide policy.
USA, Canada, Australia.
4. National-Local only; limited regions, no city-regions.
Ireland, Greece,

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18. The ‘Northern Way’
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19. Integrated Framework For City/Region Development
Global economy and
Macro-economic
framework
Markets
Feedback effects
Development and growth
Productivity Use of Population
resources
Innovation Industrial Business Human Environ Connectivity
Drivers & creativity structure ownership & mgt capital mgt
Business Educational Land and Social/ cultural Ecological Governance
environment and research physical infrastructure & base structure
& investment base infrastructure quality of life
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Pre-conditions

20. As many city & metropolitan economies are „under-bounded‟
some regional governance may boost growth…
Relationship between size of government and economic growth
Regional
Local Note that the identification of LA
Growth in GDP per capita
Authority and regions on this curve is
stylised - we are doing some work
to identify where the core cities
are on this curve
…
Proportion of city-region population covered by city-region governance arrangement
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21. The new mobility.....not just tourism
Visitors
Research Firms
Innovators Increasing Events &
Entrepreneurs Festivals
Mobility
Institutions Students
Investors
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22. Why metropolitan action 1?
1. Extensive metropolitan re-organisation visible world-wide.
Metropolitan markets
Metropolitan brands
Metropolitan governance
2. Functional Space Economy & Markets
Environment
Society
Identity
Scale
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23. Why metropolitan action 2?
3. Dynamic space
The space is dynamic and ever changing. Metro area and Region converging.
4. Opportunity costs.
Organise the whole space or suffer from:
lack of scale and critical mass needed to succeed
co-ordination and capacity problems
internal competition and waste
incoherent messages
missed opportunities
5. Who is responsible for metropolitan area?
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24. SDRIF: Growth corridors SDRIF: Regional connectivity
SDRIF: Multi-modal transport plan SDRIF: Regional green space
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27. Regional Development and Specialisation
Smart Regions?
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28. Regional Development Leadership
1. National Gov Co-ordination and Innovation
eg Inter-ministerial commitment and discipline
eg Integrating National and EU Efforts
2. Regional level
Strategy development
Alliance building
Inter-regional system
3. Local level
Collaboration with neighbours
Prioritisation
Business and Investment friendliness

29. National Leadership
The biggest challenge in regional development is internal
government co-ordination and alignment.
Cabinet Committees?
Super Ministries?
Shared targets?
The 2nd biggest challenge is integrating national and EU
approaches.
Different competences. Gaps.
How to avoid being led by the money?
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30. Local and Regional
What is really regional and local?
Capable local government, with enough
scale and incentive to encourage
development.
4th role of Local needs special
arrangements.
Enough Regional Governance with
competence and authority to lead and co-
ordinate and achieve scale 301

31. Leadership dividend –
competitive advantage of leadership
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32. What role for institutional and business groups in
the regional leadership system?
Negotiate Bus Int best Pay for
Attract & Reg Comms X Party Wider
Advocate Ent know CSR practic activitie
retention collab & media collab particip
with Gov how e s
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33. Regional Development Tools
i. Strategic Planning
ii. Development Agencies
iii. Development Banks
iv. Brand Platforms
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34. Regional Strategic Planning
Definition:
“Regional/spatial planning gives geographical expression to the economic,
social, cultural and ecological policies of society.”
(European Regional / Spatial Planning Charter)
“It is at the same time a scientific discipline, an administrative technique
and a policy developed as an interdisciplinary and comprehensive
approach directed towards a balanced regional development and the
physical organisation of space according to an overall strategy."
(European Regional / Spatial Planning Charter)

35. Origins of Strategic Planning
• Spanish Cities after Franco
• Australian Cities catching up with sprawl.
• EU cities in the context of EU enlargement
• Chinese cities coping with rapid urbanisation
and metropolitanisation.
• Japanese cities confronting climate change.
Tackling Crisis and Challenge is often the
beginning.
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36. Core features of Strategic Planning
Shape the future or be shaped by it!
i. Shaping future growth management. Clear framework for market
development and public investment. Understand the returns to
the city and citizens form development.
ii. Integrated Efforts, mixture of tools, cross cutting issues.
iii. Guiding other strategies and frameworks.
iv. Based on Vision, foresight, and evidence.
v. Incentivising external investment. Combines internal and
external rates of returns. Overcomes apparent tensions.
vi. Setting standards and measurable targets.
vii. Agreement between tiers of Government, providing decisive
outcome. Conformity. Joint Prospectus. Agreement.
viii. Consultation with stakeholders.
ix. Implementation arrangements.
x. Locate roles of different bodies.

37. Focus of regional plans
Hong
Ile-de- South Greater
Kong Tokyo Chicago
France Florida Toronto
/PRD
Affordable housing ● ● ●
Major house-building ●
● ● ●
programme
Reduce sprawl - direct growth ●
Infrastructure ● ● ● ●
towards existing centres
Quality of life/ public realms ● ● ● ● ● ●
Keynote CBD redevelopment ● ●
Urban regeneration ●
Reduce car dependency
through high-investment ● ● ●
public transport programme
Mobility
Easing congestion - road ●
expansion alongside public ● ●
transport investment
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38. Focus of regional plans
Hong
Ile-de- South Greater
Kong Tokyo Chicago
France Florida Toronto
/PRD
Reduce car dependency
through high-investment
● ● ●
public transport
Mobility programme
Easing congestion - road ●
expansion alongside public ● ●
transport investment
Act on climate change –
energy infrastructure and ● ● ● ● ●
sustainability
Environment Conservation and water/air
● ● ● ● ● ●
pollution improvements
Emergency/ disaster
● ●
preparation
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39. Focus of regional plans
Hong
Ile-de- South Greater
Kong Tokyo Chicago
France Florida Toronto
/PRD
Quality services to reduce
social/territorial ● ● ●
inequalities
Preserve/create
● ● ●
employment land
Socio-economic
Economic development ● ● ● ● ●
Job skills ● ● ●
Race-gender inclusivity ●
Improve social ●
●
fabric/community
Governance Improved regional co- ●
● ● ●
ordination
Improve international
● ● ●
image
Brand-image
Attract international
● ● 39
populations

40. Conclusions
i. A new era in regional spatial planning.
ii. Regional leadership tools.
iii. Strategic and influential documents.
iv. Investment prospectus and communication tool.
v. Based on evidence and scenario building.
vi. Integrated strategies and families of strategies.
vii.Spatial and Infrastructure Planning combined.
viii.Integrated Planning
ix. Implementation of Regional Plans: use of tools.
x. Leadership and Citizen/Stakeholder Dialogue
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41. Turin metropolitan strategic plan
City centre strategy Strategic themes of strategy Specific initiatives Strategy management
Special Communication Project, „Luci
Urban renewal – rejuvenation of the city‟s d'Artista‟, Film Commission Torino
City of Turin, Piedmont Region,
Phase 1 public realm and accommodation with a Piemonte, Invest in Turin and
Torino Internazionale (Agency for
(1993-1997) focus on the city centre area and adjacent Piedmont Agency, 1st Strategic Plan,
Strategic Plan)
areas. Torino Convention Bureau, Atrium
project, Winter Olympics.
City of Turin, Piedmont Region,
Hosting of culturally significant
Torino Internazionale (Agency for
events such as: Torino World Design
Internationalising the city and consolidating Strategic Plan), former Banking
Capital and XXIII World Congress of
Phase 2 and projecting the city‟s new image and Foundations, University system,
Architecture (2008); Euroscience
(1998-2007) identity to the world. A focus on the city Italia 150 (committee for the
Open Forum (2010); Italia 150 (2011,
centre but not specific to it. organization of the 2011
celebrations of the Unification of
celebrations). The Urban Centre
Italy 150th anniversary)
Metropolitano.
Special Communication Project, „Luci
d'Artista‟, Film Commission Torino
City of Turin, Piedmont Region,
Phase 3 Piemonte, Invest in Turin and
Turin as a „knowledge hub‟ Torino Internazionale (Agency for
(2008-2011) Piedmont Agency, 1st Strategic Plan,
Strategic Plan)
Torino Convention Bureau, Atrium
project, Winter Olympics.

42. Development Banks and
Financial Institutions
i. Many regional development imperatives are neither wholly market
fundable, nor justifying permanent subsidy.
ii. They can be seen as ‘niches’ where the use of mixed public/private,
cash/equity, short-term/long- term financing is involved.
iii. To make this work ‘capable intermediaries’ are needed, special purpose
financial institutions.
iv. Development Banks can build these niches, utilise their balance sheet to
manage risks and spread innovation, and leverage external investment.
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43. Building a regional development financial system.
i. National Development Bank.
ii. Evolution of local and regional development finance system to be
a key focus.
iii. Inter-ministerial co-ordination: national and at regional level.
iv. EU Structural Fund programme simplification.
v. Regional level finance, budgets, and programming.
vi. PPPs and Project Bonds
vii. Municipal finance.
viii. Inter-municipal collaboration
ix. Bankers co-ordination
x. Finance skills
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44. Development Corporation Typologies
Urban Productivity
Integrated Visioning and
Development and and Economic Internationalisat
Typology Economic Partnership
Revitalisation Growth -ion Agencies
Agencies Agencies
Agencies Agencies
“Employment “Place and “Place and
“Place -shapers
Purpose “Place drivers” and productivity productivity productivity
and visioners”
drivers” leaders” promoters”
Example
Agency

45. Bizkaya: Regional Development System

46. €3.50 €2.20
what are
brands?
Brands are simply stories
that drive demand

47. what are
brands?
They signpost what
makes you different

48. 48

49. Building a „Great Regional Experience‟
“Great Place”
“Enjoyable and
Memorable
Experience”
“Pleasant
Experience”
“Poor 49
Experience”