F.r. timeline a of s. 1

3. The French Revolution

4. The French Revolution 1780 - Sept 1795

9. Timeline courtesy of Revolution: France by J. Fenwick & J. Anderson

11. BACKGROUND: • 1748: Spirit of Laws by Baron de Montesquieu published • 1762: Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau published • 1763: Treatise on Toleration by Voltaire published • 1751-1780: Encyclopedie published (27 volumes of text & 11 volumes of images)

16. • 1770: Marriage of Louis XVI to Marie Antoinette

17. • 1770: Marriage of Louis XVI to Marie Antoinette • 1774: Accession of Louis XVI

18. • 1770: Marriage of Louis XVI to Marie Antoinette • 1774: Accession of Louis XVI

19. • 1770: Marriage of Louis XVI to Marie Antoinette • 1774: Accession of Louis XVI • 1778-83: France supported America in War of Independence against Britain

27. Area of Study 1 1780 - 4 Aug 1789

28. Area of Study 1 1780 - 4 Aug 1789 • 1781: Royal Controller General (Minister of Finance), Jacques Necker presented his Compte rendu au roi

29. Area of Study 1 1780 - 4 Aug 1789 • 1781: Royal Controller General (Minister of Finance), Jacques Necker presented his Compte rendu au roi • 1783: Calonne took ofﬁce as Controller General

30. Area of Study 1 1780 - 4 Aug 1789 • 1781: Royal Controller General (Minister of Finance), Jacques Necker presented his Compte rendu au roi • 1783: Calonne took ofﬁce as Controller General • 1786: Calonne suggested calling Assembly of Notables (A of N)

34. Area of Study 1 1780 - 4 Aug 1789

36. 1787 -

37. 1787 - • 22 Feb: A of N convened

38. 1787 - • 22 Feb: A of N convened • 1 May: Brienne replaced Calonne

39. 1787 - • 22 Feb: A of N convened • 1 May: Brienne replaced Calonne • 25 May: A of N dismissed

40. 1787 - • 22 Feb: A of N convened • 1 May: Brienne replaced Calonne • 25 May: A of N dismissed • 15 August: Parlement of Paris exiled

41. 1787 - • 22 Feb: A of N convened • 1 May: Brienne replaced Calonne • 25 May: A of N dismissed • 15 August: Parlement of Paris exiled • Sept: Parlements recalled & Brienne announced an Estates-General (E.G.) for 1792.

47. 1788 - ARISTOCRATIC REVOLT...

48. 1788 - ARISTOCRATIC REVOLT... • 3 May: Parlement of Paris proclaimed Fundamental Laws of Kingdom

49. 1788 - ARISTOCRATIC REVOLT... • 3 May: Parlement of Paris proclaimed Fundamental Laws of Kingdom • 8 May: New Plenary Courts established, Parlements exiled (again)

50. 1788 - ARISTOCRATIC REVOLT... • 3 May: Parlement of Paris proclaimed Fundamental Laws of Kingdom • 8 May: New Plenary Courts established, Parlements exiled (again) • 7 June: ‘Day of Tiles’ in Grenoble

51. 1788 - ARISTOCRATIC REVOLT... • 3 May: Parlement of Paris proclaimed Fundamental Laws of Kingdom • 8 May: New Plenary Courts established, Parlements exiled (again) • 7 June: ‘Day of Tiles’ in Grenoble • PAMPHLET WAR began: more radical - referred to ideas like natural law, inalienable rights,

52. 1788 - ARISTOCRATIC REVOLT... • 3 May: Parlement of Paris proclaimed Fundamental Laws of Kingdom • 8 May: New Plenary Courts established, Parlements exiled (again) • 7 June: ‘Day of Tiles’ in Grenoble • PAMPHLET WAR began: more radical - referred to ideas like natural law, inalienable rights,

58. 1788 - continued:

59. 1788 - continued: • 8 Aug: Government bankrupt - meeting of E.G. brought forward to 1st May 1789

60. 1788 - continued: • 8 Aug: Government bankrupt - meeting of E.G. brought forward to 1st May 1789 • Brienne resigned

61. 1788 - continued: • 8 Aug: Government bankrupt - meeting of E.G. brought forward to 1st May 1789 • Brienne resigned • 25 Aug: Necker was re-instated

62. 1788 - continued: • 8 Aug: Government bankrupt - meeting of E.G. brought forward to 1st May 1789 • Brienne resigned • 25 Aug: Necker was re-instated • Parlement recalled and Plenary Court disbanded

63. 1788 - continued: • 8 Aug: Government bankrupt - meeting of E.G. brought forward to 1st May 1789 • Brienne resigned • 25 Aug: Necker was re-instated • Parlement recalled and Plenary Court disbanded • P. of Paris declared E.G. must be constituted as it was in 1614... created furore over method of voting

65. 1788 - continued

66. 1788 - continued • Nov: Formation of Society of Thirty (later called the ‘Constitutional Club’)

67. 1788 - continued • Nov: Formation of Society of Thirty (later called the ‘Constitutional Club’) • Dec: Very harsh & cold Winter... wolves entered the streets of Paris

68. 1788 - continued • Nov: Formation of Society of Thirty (later called the ‘Constitutional Club’) • Dec: Very harsh & cold Winter... wolves entered the streets of Paris • 27 Dec: King publicly ruled that the Third Estate be given double number of Deputies

69. 1788 - continued • Nov: Formation of Society of Thirty (later called the ‘Constitutional Club’) • Dec: Very harsh & cold Winter... wolves entered the streets of Paris • 27 Dec: King publicly ruled that the Third Estate be given double number of Deputies • Election of Deputies began (indirect) = but ‘most democratic of whole Revolution’!

71. 1789

72. 1789 • Jan: Abbe Sieyes published What is the Third Estate?

73. 1789 • Jan: Abbe Sieyes published What is the Third Estate? • Cahiers drawn up

74. 1789 • Jan: Abbe Sieyes published What is the Third Estate? • Cahiers drawn up • Price of bread risen to between75-89% of working man’s wage

75. 1789 • Jan: Abbe Sieyes published What is the Third Estate? • Cahiers drawn up • Price of bread risen to between75-89% of working man’s wage • 28 Apr: Reveillon riots

76. 1789 • Jan: Abbe Sieyes published What is the Third Estate? • Cahiers drawn up • Price of bread risen to between75-89% of working man’s wage • 28 Apr: Reveillon riots

78. 1789 - continued •1 May: Formal opening of Estates General •May: Veriﬁcation of credentials •4 Jun: Death of Dauphin •10 Jun: Third Estate invited privileged orders to join it •12 Jun: Deputies began veriﬁcation of their credentials - not as Third Estate, but as reps of nation.

79. 1789 - continued •1 May: Formal opening of Estates General •May: Veriﬁcation of credentials •4 Jun: Death of Dauphin •10 Jun: Third Estate invited privileged orders to join it •12 Jun: Deputies began veriﬁcation of their credentials - not as Third Estate, but as reps of nation.

82. •17 Jun: Third Estate & a few lower clergy took momentous & revolutionary step: declared itself the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

83. •17 Jun: Third Estate & a few lower clergy took momentous & revolutionary step: declared itself the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY •19 Jun: Clergy voted to join commoners

84. •17 Jun: Third Estate & a few lower clergy took momentous & revolutionary step: declared itself the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY •19 Jun: Clergy voted to join commoners •20 Jun: TENNIS COURT OATH - We take a solemn oath not to separate ... until the constitution of the Kingdom is established.

85. •17 Jun: Third Estate & a few lower clergy took momentous & revolutionary step: declared itself the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY •19 Jun: Clergy voted to join commoners •20 Jun: TENNIS COURT OATH - We take a solemn oath not to separate ... until the constitution of the Kingdom is established. •22 Jun: 150 clerical deputies headed by 2 archbishops & a few nobles joined the N. A.

86. •17 Jun: Third Estate & a few lower clergy took momentous & revolutionary step: declared itself the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY •19 Jun: Clergy voted to join commoners •20 Jun: TENNIS COURT OATH - We take a solemn oath not to separate ... until the constitution of the Kingdom is established. •22 Jun: 150 clerical deputies headed by 2 archbishops & a few nobles joined the N. A. •23 Jun: Royal Session - King ordered Estates to meet separately - the new N.A. (exhorted by Mirabeau to uphold TCO) refused to disband.

87. •17 Jun: Third Estate & a few lower clergy took momentous & revolutionary step: declared itself the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY •19 Jun: Clergy voted to join commoners •20 Jun: TENNIS COURT OATH - We take a solemn oath not to separate ... until the constitution of the Kingdom is established. •22 Jun: 150 clerical deputies headed by 2 archbishops & a few nobles joined the N. A. •23 Jun: Royal Session - King ordered Estates to meet separately - the new N.A. (exhorted by Mirabeau to uphold TCO) refused to disband. •24 Jun: Soldiers (sent to enforce King’s wishes) supported N.A. - We, too, are citizens.

88. •17 Jun: Third Estate & a few lower clergy took momentous & revolutionary step: declared itself the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY •19 Jun: Clergy voted to join commoners •20 Jun: TENNIS COURT OATH - We take a solemn oath not to separate ... until the constitution of the Kingdom is established. •22 Jun: 150 clerical deputies headed by 2 archbishops & a few nobles joined the N. A. •23 Jun: Royal Session - King ordered Estates to meet separately - the new N.A. (exhorted by Mirabeau to uphold TCO) refused to disband. •24 Jun: Soldiers (sent to enforce King’s wishes) supported N.A. - We, too, are citizens. •27 Jun: King capitulated

89. •17 Jun: Third Estate & a few lower clergy took momentous & revolutionary step: declared itself the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY •19 Jun: Clergy voted to join commoners •20 Jun: TENNIS COURT OATH - We take a solemn oath not to separate ... until the constitution of the Kingdom is established. •22 Jun: 150 clerical deputies headed by 2 archbishops & a few nobles joined the N. A. •23 Jun: Royal Session - King ordered Estates to meet separately - the new N.A. (exhorted by Mirabeau to uphold TCO) refused to disband. •24 Jun: Soldiers (sent to enforce King’s wishes) supported N.A. - We, too, are citizens. •27 Jun: King capitulated

91. • 7 Jul: N.A. becomes National Constituent Assembly • Build up of royal troops around Paris = 18,000 • 11 Jul: King dismissed Necker • Royal troops now numbered 30,000 • Parisian attacked hated custom barriers around Paris. Crowd began to arm itself. • 13 Jul: Electors of Paris decided to form new municipal government = Paris Commune at Town Hall. Aim - restore order.

93. •14 Jul: Fall of the Bastille = the ﬁrst revolutionary journee

94. •14 Jul: Fall of the Bastille = the ﬁrst revolutionary journee •15 Jul: La Fayette appointed commander of new National Guard, answerable to Paris Commune

95. •14 Jul: Fall of the Bastille = the ﬁrst revolutionary journee •15 Jul: La Fayette appointed commander of new National Guard, answerable to Paris Commune •16 Jul: Comte d’Artois ﬂed Paris; 20,00 emigres were to follow him in net 2 months.

96. •14 Jul: Fall of the Bastille = the ﬁrst revolutionary journee •15 Jul: La Fayette appointed commander of new National Guard, answerable to Paris Commune •16 Jul: Comte d’Artois ﬂed Paris; 20,00 emigres were to follow him in net 2 months. •17 Jul: Lafayette escorted King into Paris where he acknowledged crowd and donned revolutionary cockade

97. •14 Jul: Fall of the Bastille = the ﬁrst revolutionary journee •15 Jul: La Fayette appointed commander of new National Guard, answerable to Paris Commune •16 Jul: Comte d’Artois ﬂed Paris; 20,00 emigres were to follow him in net 2 months. •17 Jul: Lafayette escorted King into Paris where he acknowledged crowd and donned revolutionary cockade

100. Jul-Aug: •Municipal Revolution •Rural Revolt •20 Jul-6 Aug: ‘The Great Fear

101. • 4 Aug: Abolition of feudal privileges: the Night of Self-Dispossession - The National Assembly met throughout the night, and, in great excitement, abolished feudalism and many of the other hereditary privileges held by the First & Second Estates... • = ﬁnal demise of the Old Regime! • END OF AREA STUDY 1

F.r. timeline a of s. 1

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