1. Lecture 2.1- Properties of Matter
A property is a quality or attribute.
Is the property
Intensive or Extensive?
Is the property
Physical or Chemical?
3. Describing Matter
Properties used to describe matter can be
classified as extensive or intensive.
– An extensive property depends on the
amount of matter in a sample.
4. Describing Matter
Properties used to describe matter can be
classified as extensive or intensive.
– An extensive property depends on the
amount of matter in a sample.
– An intensive property depends on the
type of matter in a sample, not the
amount of matter.
5. 2.1
Describing Matter
– Extensive properties depend on amount.
6. 2.1
Describing Matter
– Extensive properties depend on amount.
• The mass of an object is a measure of the
amount of matter the object contains.
7. 2.1
Describing Matter
– Extensive properties depend on amount.
• The mass of an object is a measure of the
amount of matter the object contains.
• The volume of an object is a measure of
the space occupied by the object.
8. 2.1
Describing Matter
– Extensive properties depend on amount.
• The mass of an object is a measure of the
amount of matter the object contains.
• The volume of an object is a measure of
the space occupied by the object.
9. 2.1
Describing Matter
– Extensive properties depend on amount.
• The mass of an object is a measure of the
amount of matter the object contains.
• The volume of an object is a measure of
the space occupied by the object.
The big ball has more
mass and volume than
the little ball.
10. 2.1
Describing Matter
Intensive Properties
The hardness of a
bowling ball is an
example of an
intensive property.
12. 2.1
Identifying Substances
Matter that has a uniform and definite
composition is called a substance.
A substance is pure.
13. 2.1
Identifying Substances
Every sample of a given substance has
identical intensive properties.
14. 2.1
Identifying Substances
Every sample of a given substance has
identical intensive properties.
Example- Every sample of pure water is a
clear, odorless, liquid at room temperature.
It will boil at 100ºC and freeze at 0ºC.
15. 2.1
Identifying Substances
Every sample of a given substance has
identical intensive properties.
Example- Every sample of pure water is a
clear, odorless, liquid at room temperature.
It will boil at 100ºC and freeze at 0ºC.
These properties are intensive because they do
not depend on how big the sample is.
16. 2.1
Identifying Substances
• A physical property can be observed or
measured without changing the
substance’s composition.
• Hardness, color, and crystal shape are
examples of physical properties.
18. 2.1 States of Matter
Three states of matter are
solid, liquid, and gas.
19. 2.1
States of Matter
A solid is a form of
matter that has a
definite shape and
volume.
20. 2.1
States of Matter
A liquid is a form
of matter that
has an indefinite
shape (it flows)
but a definite
volume.
21. 2.1
States of Matter
A gas is a form of
matter that takes
both the shape and
volume of its
container.
22. 2.1
States of Matter
A gas is a form of
matter that takes
both the shape and
volume of its
container.
The gas state is the
only state of matter
that is compressible.
23. 2.1
States of Matter
Vapor describes a
gas that is usually a
liquid or solid at
room temperature,
as in water vapor.
25. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists
Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!
26. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists
Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!
27. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists
Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!
Liquid- particles are very close
but can move around each
other. Takes the shape of its
container, but has a fixed volume.
28. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists
Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!
Liquid- particles are very close
but can move around each
other. Takes the shape of its
container, but has a fixed volume.
29. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists
Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!
Liquid- particles are very close
but can move around each
other. Takes the shape of its
container, but has a fixed volume.
Gas- particles are far apart and
moving fast. Has no fixed shape or
volume.
30. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists
Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!
Liquid- particles are very close
but can move around each
other. Takes the shape of its
container, but has a fixed volume.
Gas- particles are far apart and
moving fast. Has no fixed shape or
volume.
33. 2.1 Physical Changes
During a physical change,
some properties of a
material change, but the
composition of the material
does not change.
As gallium melts in a person’s
hand, the shape of the sample
changes, but the composition of
the material does not change.
