2. Introduction to NetworkingIntroduction to Networking
• Network
– Term that describes the connection of two or more
computers by some type of medium, including:
• Wire cable
• Fiber-optic cable
• Infrared
• Radio equipment
3. Origin of NetworkingOrigin of Networking
• Difficult to place actual origin as many
devices have been networked throughout
history
• Today, networks include a wide variety of
computers and peripheral components
• Systems that are part of a network do not have
to be identical
4. Why Do We Use Networks?Why Do We Use Networks?
• Convenience
• People expect interoperability from electronic
devices
• Computer networks allow for the transfer of
files, data, and even shared applications
without copying anything to floppy disk
7. Related TermsRelated Terms
• Media
– Refers to the wire cabling that form the connections in
most networks
– Some networks use wireless transmission media, such as
infrared or radio signals
– Cable, glass, or telephone lines that host the signal
from one computer to another on the network
• Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
– Electric noise that disrupts signals on cables
• Wireless
– Communications that are not conducted over physical
wires or cables
8. Client/Server NetworksClient/Server Networks
• Networks that have computers as servers and
computers that act as clients to those servers
• Server host that resources for the clients to use
and provide security
• A client is the computer that request resources
from the server.
11. Peer-to-PeerPeer-to-Peer
• When every computer on a network acts as both a
client and a server, the network is a peer-to-
peer network
• In a peer-to-peer network, all computers can
share resources with other computers
• Peer-to-peer networks are also known as
“workgroups”
12. LAN, WAN, MAN, SANLAN, WAN, MAN, SAN
• A local area network (LAN) is contained within a company
or department and located in a single geographic area
• A wide area network (WAN) spans multiple geographic
areas and is usually connected by common
telecommunication carriers
Or
a network that spans two or more geographically diverse
locations
• A metropolitan area network (MAN) is an intermediate
specification that defines networks confined to a fairly
restricted geographic area
13. LAN, WAN, MAN, SANLAN, WAN, MAN, SAN
• A storage area network (SAN) is refers to a series of storage
devices that are networked together to provide very fast data
storage for a network or subnetwork
Or
a subsystem of networked storage devices physically
separated from servers
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19. Network Operating SystemNetwork Operating System
• Network operating system (NOS)
– Allows communication, security, and distribution
of data, files, and applications over a network
• End system
– The location and/or set of controls that the user
can manipulate to interact with a computer or a
network
20. NIC, Networking Hardware, andNIC, Networking Hardware, and
Networking SoftwareNetworking Software
• Network interface card (NIC)
– A device that allows a computer or other device to connect
to a network through the media
– Hardware device that transmits and receives electronic
signals on a network
• Networking hardware
- Describes all the physical components of a network, such as
the NIC, cable, hub, switch, router, and any related
connectors or devices
- a generic term that describes all the physical components of
a network
21. NIC, Networking Hardware, andNIC, Networking Hardware, and
Networking SoftwareNetworking Software
• Networking software
- The programs used to run a network