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SCRUM project management
An ‘Agile’ Methodology
Thomas J. Howard
https://sites.google.com/site/thomasjameshowardhomepage/
thow@mek.dtu.dk
                          Unless otherwise stated, this material is under a Creative
                          Commons 3.0 Attribution–Share-Alike licence and can be
                          freely modified, used and redistributed but only under the
                          same licence and if including the following statement:
“Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product
Development Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark”
UPDATE
    Each team has a table at the event to display ideas.
    You are not pitching to get funding but to get people
    interested in your business. Put the word out that you
    have an exciting technology that has x,y,z benefits and
    your business which can be suitable to a,b,c market
    segments. If interested in details, please contact us...
    Bring a prototype!
    Send email to Lisbeth Lassen ASAP: lislas@adm.dtu.dk

2     Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                     Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Patent lecture

• Which teams during the lecture applied Verena‟s
 approach to see when their patents are valid and
 expire?
• Which teams found our in which countries their
 patents are valid?
• Which teams broke down their claims to
 understand their IP coverage?
• Who checked whether their brand is
 trademarked or not?
• Who gave some feedback on the lecture?


3   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Cynefin
(Welsh word meaning
 habit)

Matrix of Chaos and
 decision making




Build ->
Measure ->
Learn




4    Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
How should we as
     lecturers assess the
    quality of your project
        management?


5   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
The Agile Manifesto

      Individuals and                                 Over                 Processes and
        Interactions                                                           Tools

               Working                                Over               Comprehensive
               Product                                                    Documentation

           Customer                                   Over                      Contract
          Collaboration                                                        Negotiation

       Responding to                                  Over                     Following a
          Change                                                                   Plan

6   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
SCRUM


•Scrum is an „Agile‟ framework

•Predominantly for software development

•Works well for complex products

•Even more suitable for start-ups/spin-outs




7   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
The SCRUM process
                                                                   SCRUM Master
  Stakeholders
   /Customer


 Requirements
                                                                                                       Daily SCRUM
                                                                                                         meeting

                                                                                                     24 hrs
                                                         Sprint
                                                        Backlog
Product Owner                                                                                                    Finished
                                                                            1-4 week sprint                        Work
Backlog Creation              Sprint Planning                                    cycle
 and Grooming

                                                                                                           Sprint Review


                         Product
                         Backlog                                            Development
                                                                               Team
  8    Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development           2013
                      Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
The Penny Game

                                 Assembler                Packager
                                                                                                           Company
           Manufacturer                                                                                    President



    Designer




                                                                                                           Customer
                                                = Manager


9      Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development         2013
                      Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
The Penny Game - Results

                               20                        10                         5                    1

       1

       2

       3

       4

     Cust.

     Pres.


10   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development       2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
SCRUM team roles




Product Owner                            Development Team                             SCRUM Master
The person responsible                   Turning the                                  The „servant leader‟ who
for the product and                      requirements into                            removes obstacles of
conveying customer                       product related outputs.                     the development team.
requirements.
                                         Responsible for agreeing                     Fosters training an self-
Also responsible for                     workload in sprint cycle                     organising teams.
prioritising design                      and then executing it!                       Makes sure sprint
features.                                                                             reviews and daily
                                         Working with the
                                                                                      reviews stay on
Responsible for                          development teams to
                                                                                      schedule
satisfying stakeholders                  achieve sprint
and “getting the product                 agreements and goals.
out”

11   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development    2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Who’s Who in your
                  project?


Product Owner                            Development Team                             SCRUM Master
The person responsible                   Turning the                                  The „servant leader‟ who
for the product and                      requirements into                            removes obstacles of
conveying customer                       product related outputs.                     the development team.
requirements.
                                         Responsible for agreeing                     Fosters training an self-
Also responsible for                     workload in sprint cycle                     organising teams.
prioritising design                      and then executing it!                       Makes sure sprint
features.                                                                             reviews and daily
                                         Working with the
                                                                                      reviews stay on
Responsible for                          development teams to
                                                                                      schedule
satisfying stakeholders                  achieve sprint
and “getting the product                 agreements and goals.
out”
12   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development    2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
The
Product Backlog                                                                            For
                                                                                           Sprint
                                                                                           Release

                                                                                                 Pre
Common practice:
                                                                                                 Sprint
•Post-its on a canvas                                              1                             Release   Product
                                                                                                           Owner’s
•Design features                                                                                            Baby
•Modular


                                                                   2




                                                                   3


13   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development      2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Where is your product/business backlog?




14   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Product Backlog
Grooming


STEP 1:
Add Items                                                          1




                                                                   2




                                                                   3


15   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Product Backlog
Grooming


STEP 2:
Prioritise                                                         1
Move higher
priority items
towards
release line
                                                                   2




                                                                   3


16   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Product Backlog
Grooming


STEP 3:
Item breakdown                                                     1
Each item should
represent a
business unit of
value and be
achievable in 1                                                    2
sprint cycle




                                                                   3


17   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Sprint Planning

                                                          • Product owner confirms to
                                                            development team what each released
                                                            backlog item means and what is
                                                            required to complete it to match the
                                                            definition of ‘done’.
                                                          • Product owner communication
                                                            priorities and dependences
                     1
                                                          • Development team agree with Product
                                                            Owner which items will be completed
                                                            during the next sprint cycle.
                                                          • Development team then discusses how
                                                            the tasks will be separated and worked
                                                            on.




18   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Where can this be indicated in the
development log?




19   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Daily SCRUMS

                                                                      • 15 minutes total
                                                                      • Every day at same time
                                                                      • Don‟t be late and be prepared
                                                                      • In turn state 3 things:
                                                                              • What you did yesterday
                                                                              • What you will do today
                                                                              • What‟s in your way
                                                                      • Everyone stands up
                                                                      (Even if via video link)
        http://askthecmmiappraiser.blogspot.dk




20   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Managing a sprint backlog

   Product
 Backlog Item                        To Do                     In Progress                               Done
    (PBI)




21   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development          2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Product Burndown


     – Used to monitor and respond to project
      Progress
     – Four types:
         • Backlog items (Stories)
         • Backlog points (Story Board points)
         • Backlog items (Stories) to MVP
         • Backlog points (Story Board points) to
           MVP

     MVP: Minimum Viable Product

22    Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                     Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Product Burndown
1. Backlog Items

                                                                                                         Total number
                                                                                                         of Backlog
                                                                   1                                     Items = 21




                                                                   2




                                                                   3


23   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development         2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Product Burndown
2. Backlog Points

                                                                                                         Total number
                                             2                                                           of Backlog
                                                          1              2
                                                                    1                                    Points = 64
                                                                                     2
                                         2           2
                                                                4
                                                                                   2
                                                 3                                              1
                                4
                                                                         5
                                                                    2
                                                                                                3
                                                      4
                            5

                                                                         2               7

                 5                           4                      3
                                                                         2                                   2


24   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development           2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Product Burndown
3. Backlog Items to MVP

                                                                                                          Total number
                                                                                                          of Backlog
                                                                    1                                     Items to MVP
     MVP                                                                                                  = 37
     Items

     Bonus
     Items

                                                                    2




                                                                    3


25    Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development         2013
                     Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Product Burndown
4. Backlog Points to MVÅP

                                                                                                          Total number
                                              2                                                           of Backlog
                                                           1              2
                                                                     1                                    Points to MVP
     MVP                                                                              2                   = 37
     Items                                2           2
                                                                 4
                                                                                    2
     Bonus
                                                  3                                              1
     Items                     4
                                                                          5
                                                                     2
                                                                                                 3
                                                       4




                                                                     3


26    Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development         2013
                     Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Product Burndown




27   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Burndown Exercise




28   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Sprint burndown




                                                            ?                                            ?




29   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development       2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Exercise
                                                                                          With your levels of
                                                                                          experience it takes 1 day to
                                                                                          design, make and assemble
                                                                                          (position) one piece.




http://www.toyshopuk.co.uk/
lego-minotaurus/


  30      Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                         Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Exercise Description
• Get into teams of 4 or 5
• Select a Product Owner
The rest will be the Development Team
• Tom will act as the customer
• No SCRUM Master
• Product Owner to ask customer for requirements
• Product owner to Create backlog with inputs from Team
• Create sprint cycles and begin to get to work (draw up
 the elements of the design on scraps or onto the plan)
• Show customer the work done and listen to changing
 requirements
• Continue until work is done


31   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Where would SCRUM be
     useful for you to apply?




32    Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                     Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Exercises


1. Create a Product Backlog
   for your projects.
2. Plan how to organise your
   project using SCRUM.



33   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Questions




                                                    ?
34   Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development   2013
                    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

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41631 lecture 3 pt3 scrum

  • 1. SCRUM project management An ‘Agile’ Methodology Thomas J. Howard https://sites.google.com/site/thomasjameshowardhomepage/ thow@mek.dtu.dk Unless otherwise stated, this material is under a Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution–Share-Alike licence and can be freely modified, used and redistributed but only under the same licence and if including the following statement: “Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark”
  • 2. UPDATE Each team has a table at the event to display ideas. You are not pitching to get funding but to get people interested in your business. Put the word out that you have an exciting technology that has x,y,z benefits and your business which can be suitable to a,b,c market segments. If interested in details, please contact us... Bring a prototype! Send email to Lisbeth Lassen ASAP: lislas@adm.dtu.dk 2 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 3. Patent lecture • Which teams during the lecture applied Verena‟s approach to see when their patents are valid and expire? • Which teams found our in which countries their patents are valid? • Which teams broke down their claims to understand their IP coverage? • Who checked whether their brand is trademarked or not? • Who gave some feedback on the lecture? 3 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 4. Cynefin (Welsh word meaning habit) Matrix of Chaos and decision making Build -> Measure -> Learn 4 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 5. How should we as lecturers assess the quality of your project management? 5 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 6. The Agile Manifesto Individuals and Over Processes and Interactions Tools Working Over Comprehensive Product Documentation Customer Over Contract Collaboration Negotiation Responding to Over Following a Change Plan 6 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 7. SCRUM •Scrum is an „Agile‟ framework •Predominantly for software development •Works well for complex products •Even more suitable for start-ups/spin-outs 7 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 8. The SCRUM process SCRUM Master Stakeholders /Customer Requirements Daily SCRUM meeting 24 hrs Sprint Backlog Product Owner Finished 1-4 week sprint Work Backlog Creation Sprint Planning cycle and Grooming Sprint Review Product Backlog Development Team 8 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 9. The Penny Game Assembler Packager Company Manufacturer President Designer Customer = Manager 9 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 10. The Penny Game - Results 20 10 5 1 1 2 3 4 Cust. Pres. 10 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 11. SCRUM team roles Product Owner Development Team SCRUM Master The person responsible Turning the The „servant leader‟ who for the product and requirements into removes obstacles of conveying customer product related outputs. the development team. requirements. Responsible for agreeing Fosters training an self- Also responsible for workload in sprint cycle organising teams. prioritising design and then executing it! Makes sure sprint features. reviews and daily Working with the reviews stay on Responsible for development teams to schedule satisfying stakeholders achieve sprint and “getting the product agreements and goals. out” 11 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 12. Who’s Who in your project? Product Owner Development Team SCRUM Master The person responsible Turning the The „servant leader‟ who for the product and requirements into removes obstacles of conveying customer product related outputs. the development team. requirements. Responsible for agreeing Fosters training an self- Also responsible for workload in sprint cycle organising teams. prioritising design and then executing it! Makes sure sprint features. reviews and daily Working with the reviews stay on Responsible for development teams to schedule satisfying stakeholders achieve sprint and “getting the product agreements and goals. out” 12 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 13. The Product Backlog For Sprint Release Pre Common practice: Sprint •Post-its on a canvas 1 Release Product Owner’s •Design features Baby •Modular 2 3 13 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 14. Where is your product/business backlog? 14 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 15. Product Backlog Grooming STEP 1: Add Items 1 2 3 15 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 16. Product Backlog Grooming STEP 2: Prioritise 1 Move higher priority items towards release line 2 3 16 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 17. Product Backlog Grooming STEP 3: Item breakdown 1 Each item should represent a business unit of value and be achievable in 1 2 sprint cycle 3 17 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 18. Sprint Planning • Product owner confirms to development team what each released backlog item means and what is required to complete it to match the definition of ‘done’. • Product owner communication priorities and dependences 1 • Development team agree with Product Owner which items will be completed during the next sprint cycle. • Development team then discusses how the tasks will be separated and worked on. 18 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 19. Where can this be indicated in the development log? 19 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 20. Daily SCRUMS • 15 minutes total • Every day at same time • Don‟t be late and be prepared • In turn state 3 things: • What you did yesterday • What you will do today • What‟s in your way • Everyone stands up (Even if via video link) http://askthecmmiappraiser.blogspot.dk 20 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 21. Managing a sprint backlog Product Backlog Item To Do In Progress Done (PBI) 21 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 22. Product Burndown – Used to monitor and respond to project Progress – Four types: • Backlog items (Stories) • Backlog points (Story Board points) • Backlog items (Stories) to MVP • Backlog points (Story Board points) to MVP MVP: Minimum Viable Product 22 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 23. Product Burndown 1. Backlog Items Total number of Backlog 1 Items = 21 2 3 23 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 24. Product Burndown 2. Backlog Points Total number 2 of Backlog 1 2 1 Points = 64 2 2 2 4 2 3 1 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 7 5 4 3 2 2 24 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 25. Product Burndown 3. Backlog Items to MVP Total number of Backlog 1 Items to MVP MVP = 37 Items Bonus Items 2 3 25 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 26. Product Burndown 4. Backlog Points to MVÅP Total number 2 of Backlog 1 2 1 Points to MVP MVP 2 = 37 Items 2 2 4 2 Bonus 3 1 Items 4 5 2 3 4 3 26 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 27. Product Burndown 27 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 28. Burndown Exercise 28 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 29. Sprint burndown ? ? 29 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 30. Exercise With your levels of experience it takes 1 day to design, make and assemble (position) one piece. http://www.toyshopuk.co.uk/ lego-minotaurus/ 30 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 31. Exercise Description • Get into teams of 4 or 5 • Select a Product Owner The rest will be the Development Team • Tom will act as the customer • No SCRUM Master • Product Owner to ask customer for requirements • Product owner to Create backlog with inputs from Team • Create sprint cycles and begin to get to work (draw up the elements of the design on scraps or onto the plan) • Show customer the work done and listen to changing requirements • Continue until work is done 31 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 32. Where would SCRUM be useful for you to apply? 32 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 33. Exercises 1. Create a Product Backlog for your projects. 2. Plan how to organise your project using SCRUM. 33 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
  • 34. Questions ? 34 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark