The document discusses the concept of "protovation", which involves prototyping products and markets to test ideas and address uncertainties. It describes different types of prototypes, including proof-of-principle, form study, user experience, visual, and functional prototypes. These prototypes can be used at different stages to test aspects like design feasibility, user interactions, and aesthetics before full production. The document also discusses using prototypes to test market feasibility through questions like determining customer needs and willingness to purchase.
1. Protovation
Prototyping products and markets
Thomas J. Howard
https://sites.google.com/site/thomasjameshowardhomepage/
thow@mek.dtu.dk
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Commons 3.0 Attribution–Share-Alike licence and can be
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“Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product
Development Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark”
2. Agenda
08:30 – PSS
09:15 – Break
09:30 – Open Design
10:15 – Break
10:30 – Protovation
11:15 – Break
11:30 – Prep for Friday and new week
2 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
3. The three Key disciplines of:
Integrated Product Development (IPD)
Market
’Need’
Situation Product Business
Production
3 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
4. What are the remaining question marks and
which are the biggest?
Will they
Do users pay that Is the ?
want it ? much ? market
?
? ? that big ?
Market
Does it Does it
work ? look good
?
?
Product
Desired Cost and
’Need’
Situation
properties vol. of ? Business
? production
? ?
Production
4 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
5. Where are
the big
question
marks
Can a human powered centrifuge
separate mercury from gold?
?
5 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
6. • Geo Center
• Professor Kurt S Anderson
Lærke Holstebroe Jeanne Lønstrup
6 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
7. Where are
the big
question
marks
Will people upload their wind speeds? ?
7 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
8. Where are
the big
question
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/06/03/magazine/innovations-issue.html
marks
? Will transport services buy it?
8 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
9. ? ? ?
?
? ? ?
? Where are
? ? the big
? question
? ? marks
?
9 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
10. Alarm Bells
If the system requires
a full role-out to
be of any use to
the customers or
stakeholders.
10 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
11. What are your burning questions?
11 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
12. What is a
Prototype
?
12 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
13. A model to test an
aspect of a
product’s
feasibility, dealing
with the burning
questions
13 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
14. Types of technical prototypes
– Proof-of-Principle Prototype
– Form Study Prototype
– User Experience Prototype
– Visual Prototype
– Functional Prototype
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype
14 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
15. Proof-of-Principle Prototype
A proof of concept prototype is used to test some aspect of
the intended design without attempting to exactly simulate
the visual appearance, choice of materials or intended
manufacturing process. Such prototypes can be used to
"prove" out a potential design approach such as range of
motion, mechanics, sensors, architecture, etc. These types
of models are often used to identify which design options
will not work, or where further development and testing is
necessary.
In electronics this is sometimes: “built on a breadboard”.
15 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
16. Dyson – 5127 prototypes
The hammer test
When James started out he tested prototypes by dropping them
down a cast iron stairway at the back of his workshop. Simple but
effective.
These days Dyson prototypes must endure 550 tests. Hoses
are contorted and stretched. Cleaner heads are slammed into iron
table legs. Performance is tested in temperatures as low as -20c
in an environmental chamber. Things haven’t changed all that
much though. Every 100th bin off the production line is whacked
with a lump hammer just to make sure.
http://content.dyson.co.uk/insidedyson/default.asp
16 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
17. Form Study Prototype
This type of prototype will allow designers to explore the
basic size, look and feel of a product without simulating
the actual function or exact visual appearance of the
product. They can help assess ergonomic factors and
provide insight into visual aspects of the product's final
form. Form Study Prototypes are often hand-carved or
machined models from easily sculpted, inexpensive
materials (e.g., urethane foam), without representing the
intended colour, finish, or texture. Due to the materials
used, these models are intended for internal decision
making and are generally not durable enough or suitable
for use by representative users or consumers.
17 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
18. Form prototypes
Cutting tools Dyson AirBlade
http://www.dwell.com/articles/
Dyson-Airblade-process.html
http://cmuid.tumblr.com/page/2
18 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
19. User Experience Prototype
A User Experience Model invites active human interaction
and is primarily used to support user focused research.
While intentionally not addressing possible aesthetic, this
type of model more accurately represents the overall
size, proportions, interfaces of a concept. This type of
model allows early assessment of how a potential user
interacts with various elements, motions, and actions of a
concept which define the initial use scenario and overall
user experience. As these models are fully intended to be
used and handled, more robust construction is key.
Materials typically include plywood, REN shape, RP
processes and CNC machined components.
19 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
20. User Experience
20 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
21. Visual Prototype
To capture the intended design aesthetic and simulate the
appearance, colour and surface textures of the intended
product but will not actually embody the function(s) of the
final product. These models will be suitable for use in
market research, executive reviews and approval,
packaging mock-ups, and photo shoots for sales literature.
Volvo 340 BMW 305
http://www.volvotips.com/index.php http://www.e90post.com/forums/sho
/general/gallery/daf-museum/ wthread.php?t=159
21 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
22. Functional Prototype
To the greatest extent practical will attempt to simulate the
final design, aesthetics, materials and functionality of the
intended design. The functional prototype may be reduced
in size (scaled down) in order to reduce costs. The
construction of a fully working full-scale prototype and the
ultimate test of concept, is the engineers' final check for
design flaws and allows last-minute improvements to be
made before larger production runs are ordered.
22 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
23. Advance Passenger Train (APT)
23 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
24. 24 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
25. Proof of principle prototypes
Oversights revealed by the Prototypes
Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3
– Awkward assembly – Awkward assembly – Lock insecurity
revealed
– Very small increments – Cannot work in all – More flimsy than
for code orientations anticipated
– Code revealed under – To release bars must – Supporting pin are too
tube first be raised small
– More flimsy – Awkward to adjust code – Awkward to adjust code
– Lock insecurity – Lock insecurity + Simplicity realised
revealed revealed
+ More discreet than + More sturdy + Dimensionally suited
anticipated
+ An effective visual + Locks securely even
deterrent when code is <2mm out
25 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
26. Prototype vs Production Model
Prototype parts Extruded parts
Instead of using a T cutter to form the extra lip T cutter would
have been required
Mill Square then fasten will screws. for this section
26 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
27. Proof of principle/form prototype
27 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
28. Mk. 9
28 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
29. User experience prototype
29 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
30. What about
Market
Prototyping
?
30 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
31. Sun cream on demand
What are the burning
questions related to the
market feasibility of this
product?
31 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
32. The burning questions about market
feasibility of sun cream
1. How much variety is required in SPF ?
2. What are the primary locations for sales?
3. Will customers change their mindsets/habits?
4. How many (% & Vol.) people forget to bring
SC?
5. What are customers willing to do to receive the
product?
6. What is the required dosing sizes?
32 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
33. Choose a couple of the
questions and discuss
how you could test the
feasibility using a
prototype
10mins
33 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
34. Alarm Bells
If you can think of lots
of people might want to
buy the finished
product/system but
you can’t think of who
would definitely be
the first customer
34 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
35. Questions
?
35 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
36. For Next Tuesday’s Additive Manufacturing
Lecture
You need to download...
Net fabb: http://www.netfabb.com/download.php
Cura: http://wiki.ultimaker.com/Cura
And a CAD package (ideally SolidWorks).
Make sure one member of you team brings a laptop to the lecture with the
above installed!
36 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
37. For Friday at the Innovatorium
13:00 – 14:20 Show and tell of your projects
- At your table set up a small display of your project.
- Bring a prototype and graphical images if you can
- Look around the innovatorium and speak to people who will be able to
help you out with your project (technicians/floor manager)
- Find out about ordering materials, booking facilities and getting trained
up on the equipment.
We may spend the rest of the semester in there so get to grips with it!
14:20 – 16:00 Talks on innovation and the innovatorium (Danish)
16:00–17:00 More show and tell with food and refreshments.
37 Original material by Thomas J. Howard & Jakob Bejbro for 41631: Innovation in Product Development 2013
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark