A 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck near Kaki, Iran on April 9, 2013, killing 32 people and injuring 850. The epicenter was located 96 km southeast of Bushehr, where Iran's first nuclear power plant is located. No damage was reported at the power plant. The town of Bushehr experienced some damage from the quake. Iran has a long history of destructive earthquakes and has experienced over 126,000 deaths from quakes in the 20th and 21st centuries due to inadequate building standards and preparation for seismic activity. The earthquake was caused by the interaction of the Arabian, Anatolian, and Eurasian tectonic plates converging beneath Iran.

1. IRAN: HIGH TO VERY HIGH RISK

2. M6.3 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES
KAKI, IRAN
TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013
32 DEAD
850 INJURED

3. THE EPICENTER: KAKI
• The town of Kaki is located 96 km (57
miles) southeast of Bushehr, a town on
the Persian Gulf that is home of Iran’s
first nuclear power plant, built with
Russian help.
• “No damage was done to the Bushehr
power plant.”

4. BUSHEHR: DAMAGE

5. Iran has a long history of
destructive earthquakes,
which have already left at
least 126,000 dead during
the 20th and 21st centuries.

6. FOR ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
• Contact Mehdi Zare and Mohammad
Shahvar, IIEES
mzare@iiees.ac.ar

7. ADDITIONAL PERSPECTIVE

8. IRAN: INTERACTION OF ARABIAN
—ANATOLIAN---EURASIAN PLATES

9. INTERACTING TECTONIC
PLATES

10. REGIONAL SEISMICITY

11. IRAN: HIGH TO VERY HIGH RISK

12. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO
HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
EARTHQUAKES
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT
(SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION
AND PLAN
FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF
UTILITIES
LACK OF DETAILING AND
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
INATTENTION TO NON-
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”

13. A DISASTER is ---
--- the set of failures that overwhelm the
capability of a community to respond
without external help when three
continuums: 1) people, 2) community
(i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and
social constructs), and 3) complex
events (e.g., earthquakes, cyclones,..)
intersect at a point in space and time.

14. Disasters are caused by
single- or multiple-event
natural hazards that, (for
various reasons), cause
extreme levels of mortality,
morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses,
or environmental impacts.

15. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-
PREPARED for what will likely
happen

16. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• When it does happen, the
functions of the community’s
buildings and infrastructure that
are UNPROTECTED with the
appropriate codes and standards
will be LOST.

17. INTENSITY
V VI VII VIII IX
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
MEANDAMAGERATIO,
%OFREPLACEMENTVALUE
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE
DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO
GROUND SHAKING

18. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO DISASTER
PLANNING SCENARIO or
WARNING SYSTEM in place as a
strategic framework for concerted
local, national, regional, and
international actions.

19. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community LACKS THE
CAPACITY TO RESPOND to
the full spectrum of emergency
situations that can occur.

20. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is INEFFICIENT
during recovery and
reconstruction because it HAS
NOT LEARNED from either the
current experience or the
cumulative prior experiences.

21. BAM EARTHQUAKE:
DECEMBER 26, 2003

22. TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER RESILIENCE

23. IRAN’S
COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
• EARTHQUAKE
HAZARDS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
EARTHQUAKE RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER RESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONS