This document discusses the five pillars of disaster resilience: preparedness, protection, early warning, emergency response, and recovery. It provides examples of how different nations were impacted by natural hazards like earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons and whether they succeeded or failed in regards to the five pillars. Specifically, it examines the Kobe earthquake in Japan, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, and 2013 typhoons in the Philippines, highlighting lessons learned about anticipating hazards and being ready to build resilience.

2. THE FIVE PILLARS OF
DISASTER RESILIENCE
Part 5: Recovery

3. •MONITORING
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATIONR
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
YOUR
BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE
NATION
5 PILLARS OF DISASTER
RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EARLY WARNING
•EM RESPONSE
•RECOVERY

4. DISASTER RESILIENCE IS A FAILED
POLICY WITHOUT THE ADOPTION AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF FIVE
INTEGRATED POLICIES
(i.e., The Five Pillars of Disaster
Resilience)

5. WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS, THE
FIRST PILLAR?
(Preparedness is
a state of readiness on individual,
urban, sub-regional, and national
scales that is sufficient to keep the
disaster agents of a natural hazard
from causing a disaster

6. WHAT IS PROTECTION, THE
SECOND PILLAR?
Protection is
a mandated state of robustness and
strength for important buildings and
essential - critical infrastructure
to prevent loss of function when a
natural hazard ocurs

7. WHAT IS EARLY WARNING, THE
THIRD PILLAR?
Early Warning is
a state of monitoring and messaging
“in the moment” that activates
evacuation plans to save lives and
accelerates site-specific
preparedness to protect property

8. WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE,
THE FOURTH PILLAR?
Emergency Response is
a myriad of scripted and unscripted
heroic and historic responses during
a twenty-four hour and twenty-one
day “race against time” to save lives
and protect property

9. WHAT IS RECOVERY, THE FIFTH
PILLAR?
Recovery is
A period of up to ten years marked by an all
out effort to restore essential services to
normal, to repair and reconstruct damaged
buildings and infrastructure, and to revive
the economy

10. KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY
• IT IS AN INTENSE PERIOD: Up to 10
years are required to plan, fund, and
implement the kinds of multi-faceted
restoration, repair, and reconstruction
activities that are needed to restore life
in the community to normal again.

11. KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY
• PUBLIC PRESSURE: The political
priority is to meet the urgent needs of
the people IMMEDIATELY, but the
default position is AS QUICKLY AS
POSSIBLE.

12. KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY
• SELF INSURANCE AND CASUALTY
INSURANCE: When available, money
from loss indemnification casualty
insurance helps to start the repair and
reconstruction quickly.
• LIMITS OF PROTECTION: Insured
buildings and infrastructure are usually
USUALLY restored to the pre-event
level of protection; SOMETIMES MORE.

13. KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY
• INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE: Available in many cases, but not all cases.
• POLICY CHANGES: Public officials use
the recovery period as a “Window of
Opportunity” to adopt and implement
new policies based on the lessons on
preparedness, protection, early
warning, and emergency response
learned from the event.

14. THE GOAL
DISASTER
RESILIENCE:
DEMANDS ON
COMMUNITY
CAPABILITIES OF
COMMUNITY

15. REALITY
LACK OF DISASTER
RESILIENCE
UNANTICIPATED
DEMANDS ON
COMMUNITY
INSUFFICIENT
CAPACITY FOR
RECOVERY AFTER A
NATURAL HAZARD
STRIKES

16. ANY COMMUNITY CAN INCREASE
ITS CAPABILITY FOR COSTEFFECTIVE RECOVERY DURING
THE INTENSE PERIOD OF UP TO
TEN YEARS AFTER A NATURAL
HAZARD STRIKES

17. THE CAPABILITY FOR
RECOVERY INCREASES AS A
COMMUNITY’S CAPABILITY TO
PREPARE, PROTECT, WARN,
AND RESPOND INCREASES

18. EXAMPLE: KOBE,
JAPAN
EARTHQUAKE:
JANUARY 17, 1995

19. KOBE, JAPAN
• ?

20. ANTICIPATION IS THE KEY TO
PREPAREDNESS AND PROTECTION
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
THE EARTHQUAKE
LIKELY OCCUR?
• HOW BIG OR STRONG IS
IT LIKELY TO BE?
• HOW STRONG ARE THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS LIKELY TO BE?

21. WHAT NEEDS TO BE
ANTICIPATED (Continued)?
• WHAT KINDS OF
BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK?
• WHAT KINDS OF BASIC,
ESSENTIAL, AND
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ARE AT
RISK?
• WHAT ARE THEIR
PHYSICAL VULNERABILITIES

22. CONCLUSION: KOBE NEEDED TO
BE READY FOR:
• STRONG GROUND SHAKING, LIQUEFACTION, LANDSLIDES, AND
POSSIBLE TSUNAMI WAVES
• POSSIBLE FIRES
• DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
• WIDE-SPREAD LOSSES OF FUNCTION
• DEATHS AND INJURIES
• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS

23. CONCLUSION
KOBE WAS A “PREPAREDNESS”
AND “PROTECTION” FAILURE
“EMERGENCY RESPONSE”
AND
“RECOVERY” SUCCESSES

38. EXAMPLE: NATIONS ADJACENT
TO INDIAN OCEAN
TSUNAMI
DECEMBER 26, 2004

39. NATIONS AT RISK FROM TSUNAMIS

40. THE INDIAN-OCEAN NATIONS NEEDED
TO BE READY FOR:
• TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP
• COASTAL AREAS INUNDATED AND
ERODED
• BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
IN COASTAL AREAS DAMAGED WITH
LOSSES OF FUNCTION
• 200,000 + DEATHS AND INJURIES
• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS

42. DECEMBER 26, 2004 INDONESIA
EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI DISASTER
• TRIGGERED BY A SHALLOW, M 9.0
EARTHQUAKE LOCATED 155 MILES
FROM SUMATRA
• 10 M TSUNAMI WAVES WITH RUNUP
OF ABOUT 2 MILES DEVASTATED
SHORE LINES OF 12 NATIONS
• NO EARLY WARNING
• 0VER 200,000 PEOPLE KILLED

43. DECEMBER 26, 2004 INDONESIA
EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI DISASTER
• MILLIONS DISPLACED FROM HOMES
• BILLIONS OF DOLLARS NEEDED FOR
RECONSTRUCTION
• INTERNATIONAL AID COORDINATED
BY INDIA, AUSTRALIA, JAPAN, AND
USA

44. CONCLUSION
THE INDIAN-OCEAN NATIONS WERE
“EARLY WARNING” AND
“EMERGENCY RESPONSE”
FAILURES
“RECOVERY” SUCCESSES??
(due to limited areas of impact
in each nation)

45. EXAMPLE: THE PHILIPPINES
2013 TYPHOON SEASON

46. THE PHILIPPINES

47. THE PHILIPPINES NEEDED TO BE
READY FOR:
• LANDFALL OF TROPICAL STORMS,
TYPHOONS, AND A POSSIBLE SUPER
TYPHOON, WHICH HAPPENED 11/08/13
• FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
• BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
DAMAGED WITH LOSSES OF
FUNCTION
• DEATHS AND INJURIES
• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS

48. LANDFALL ON FRIDAY
MORNING, NOV. 8, 2013

49. FOUR HOURS OF FEAR AND
DESTRUCTION
• Winds flattened hundreds of homes,
• Heavy rainfall triggered mudslides and
flash flooding.
• A storm surge with waves of up to 10 m
(30 feet) destroyed everything,
sweeping people away and drowning
thousands.
• Authorities said almost 800,000 people
were evacuated to emergency shelters.

50. INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Wide spread flooding,
mudslides, and power outages
• Winds of 380 kph (290 mph)
• TACLOBAN hit very hard by the
storm surge with many deaths
• Tacloban’s airport destroyed

51. INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Loss of communication
• Estimates of up to 10,000
people dead
• Economic losses in the billions

52. AN EVACUATION CENTER

53. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

54. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

55. USA MILITARY FORCES
DISPATCHED TO ASSIST THE
PHILIPPINES IN WHAT HAS
BECOME A HISTORIC RELIEF
EFFORT

56. CONCLUSION
THE PHILIPPINES WERE “EARLY
WARNING” SUCCESSES, BUT
“PREPAREDNESS” AND
“EMERGENCY RESPONSE”
FAILURES**
“RECOVERY” IS STILL
UNDERWAY

57. **RATED AS PROBABLY THE
STRONGEST TYPHOON EVER TO
STRIKE THE PHILIPPINES
SO, COST-EFFECTIVE “EMERGENCY
RESPONSE” PROBABLY
IMPOSSIBLE FOR ANY NATION

58. CONCLUSION
EVERY YEAR, EVERY NATION HAS
DOZENS OF “WINDOWS OF
OPPORTUNITY” AFTER A NATURAL
HAZARD STRIKES TO USE THE
UPDATED BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE
FOR INNOVATIVE CAPACITY
BUILDING OF ALL FIVE PILLARS