Carbohydrates

1. CARBOHYDRATES

2. Is an organic compound

3. is the building block
of carbohydrates

4. Importance of carbohydrates:
CHIEF SOURCE OF
ENERGY

5. Types of Carbohydrates:
monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide

6. monosaccharide

7. monosaccharide
C6H12O6
Simple sugars that consist s only one (1)
sugar molecule
Under monosaccharide:
1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Galactose

8. monosaccharide
1. Glucose
Blood sugar; most important sugar in the bodies of
both vertebrates and invertebrates

9. monosaccharide
2. Fructose
Corn sugar; sweetest form of sugar commonly
found in fruits

10. monosaccharide
3. Galactose
Simplest sugar found in milk

11. disaccharide

12. disaccharide
C12H22O11
Pair of monosaccharide units
Glucose + monosaccharide unit = disaccharide
Under disaccharide:
1. Sucrose
2. Lactose
3. Maltose

13. disaccharide
1. Sucrose
Table sugar; glucose + fructose

14. disaccharide
2. Lactose
Milk sugar; glucose + galactose

15. disaccharide
3. Maltose
Malt sugar; glucose + glucose

16. polysaccharide

17. polysaccharide
Consists of chains of monosaccharide and
disaccharide
Under polysaccharide:
1. Starch
2. Glycogen
3. Cellulose

18. polysaccharide
1. Starch
Storage of glucose for plants

19. polysaccharide
2. Glycogen
Storage of excess sugar in animals; stored in
liver and muscles

20. polysaccharide
3. Cellulose
Structural support of plants; known as “fiber”

21. Additional info:
monomer: a molecule that may react chemically
to another molecule to form polymer; the
simplest unit; repeating unit of polymer
polymer: a compound made up of several
repeating units (monomer)
enzyme: speeds up chemical reaction