Travel Agency Operations Week 1 & 2 Guide
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The document defines travel agencies and travel management companies, describing their traditional roles as middlemen between vendors and customers and how they have evolved. It outlines the key functions of travel agencies and TMCs such as providing travel advice and making arrangements. It also discusses the organizational structure of travel agencies and TMCs and the process for setting one up, including necessary registrations and licenses.
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Travel Agency Operations Week 1 & 2 Guide
- 1. TOUR 8T TRAVEL AGENCY OPERATIONS Week 1 Definition, Function, Characteristics and Organization of a Travel Agencies / Travel Management Companies The Traditional Way A travel agency in its traditional role as agents for principals and travel services providers is defined as follows: “A commercial enterprise where a traveler can secure information and expertise, get impartial counseling and make arrangements to travel by air, sea or land to any point in the world.” The travel agency acts as a middleman between the vendor and the vendee. The vendee communicates with the middlemen and the middlemen communicate with the vendor and vice-versa. As a middleman, the Agency collects an agent’s commission from the vendor. This commission is normally defined as rate-minus. The Agency is allowed to unilaterally mark up the net cost given by the vendor. This is known as the net-plus. “ the best price driven” Vendor Middleman Vendee The New Trends Global Distribution Systems (GDS) – perform electronic marketing as well as sales functions for various travel services suppliers
- 2. Advent of internet as a source of information, e-rates and online bookings and confirmations directly with the vendors The New Way Travel Management Company Acts as a partner to both the vendor and the vendee Proactive – provides the individual traveler with the most suitable suppliers based on the vendee’s needs, convenience and price Examines and evaluates vendee’s preferences and budgets and determines “the best travel arrangement” Manages all of the vendee’s travel process from the negotiation stage to the post travel review for a professional fee described as cost-plus “the best travel solution” Vendee Vendor TMC TMC is defined as “a commercial enterprise where a traveler may secure information, receive travel advice and make arrangements to travel by air, sea or land to any point in the world for a professional fee. Functions of a Travel Agency / TMC 1. Provide information and expertise.
- 3. 2. Recommend destinations, products and services best suited to the needs of the client 3. Provide assistance in securing travel documents 4. Process travel arrangements 5. Assist in cases of refunds and cancellations Sales and Revenues of Travel Agency / TMC 1. Professional or handling fee (TMC – cost plus) 2. Fixed commission on regular fares (rate minus) or a reasonable mark-up on net fares (net plus) 3. Ancillary services 4. Incentives and rebates Characteristics of Travel Agent / TMC 1. Retailer 2. Acts as a counselor to the end-user and an agent for the supplier 3. Derives revenues from a pre-determined fixed commission or professional fee 4. Charges fees for ancillary services Organizational Structure, Departmental Functions and Job Descriptions A. Administration 1. General Administration – legal aspects of the organization, purchase and maintenance, insurance, formulation of company policies & SOPS 2. Personnel Section – hiring policies and compensation schemes 3. Accounting Section – handles all records including permits, licenses and responsible for the custody of accountable forms 4. Finance Section – acts as a custodian of all money collected and disbursed B. Operations – the Core of the TA / TMC business 1. Counter-counseling 2. Reservations 3. Fare Calculation 4. Ticketing
- 4. 5. Documentation C. Marketing & Sales – generate targeted maximum sales for the organization in order to meet the targeted figures. Setting up a Travel Agency / TMC A. Identify the type of ownership 1. Sole / Single Proprietorship – owned by a single individual 2. Partnership – owned by at least 2 individuals 3. Corporation – it requires a minimum of 5 investors B. Secure all the requirements needed 1. Sole Proprietorship 1.1. DTI Trade Registration for Trade Name Registration, TIN of owner, Bank Certificate for company’s capitalization 1.2. LGU – DTI Certificate, Application form, Resume of Owner, List of employees, All clearances and permits 2. Partnership 2.1. SEC – Articles of Partnership, Bank Certificate 2.2. DTI Registration - Articles of Partnership, Bank Certificate 2.3. LGU – SEC approved partnership document, -same as SP- 3. Corporation 3.1. SEC – Articles of Incorporation, By-laws, Bank Certificate, Incorporators’ resumes 3.2. DTI Registration – same as SEC 3.3. LGU - same **DOT Accreditation for TMCs/TAs is optional while an LGU license is a must – DOT Accreditation is a certificate issued by the DOT that the holder has complied with the DOT’s minimum standards in the operation of the establishment concerned, which shall ensure the comfort and convenience of the tourist.
- 5. TRAVEL AGENCY OPERATIONS Week 2 Phonetic Alphabet, International and Local City / Airport Codes, Airline Codes Phonetic Alphabet Different names for the same spelling alphabet. The International Civil Aviation Organization's alphabet is the widely used alphabet of code words by pilots, air traffic controllers and airline customer service agents in the airline industry. In the world of aviation, there is a different way of learning your ABC's. The ICAO Alphabet is not only used by the military, but also by airline employees. It is a great way to make sure you are understood (since a B, P, T, and V sound hauntingly similar when spoken), and an appropriate introduction to airline lingo. · A - Alpha · B - Bravo · C - Charlie · D - Delta · E - Echo · F - Foxtrot · G - Golf · H - Hotel · I - India · J - Juliet · K - Kilo · L - Lima · M - Mike · N - November · O - Oscar · P - Papa · Q - Quebec · R - Romeo · S - Sierra · T - Tango · U - Uniform · V - Victor · W - Whiskey · X - X-ray · Y - Yankee · Z - Zulu International Air Transport Associations (IATA)
- 6. IATA - The International Air Transport Association - was founded in Havana, Cuba, in April 1945. It is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in promoting safe, reliable, secure and economical air services - for the benefit of the world's consumers. The international scheduled air transport industry is now more than 100 times larger than it was in 1945. Few industries can match the dynamism of that growth, which would have been much less spectacular without the standards, practices and procedures developed within IATA. At its founding, IATA had 57 Members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and North America. Today it has over 270 Members from more than 140 nations in every part of the globe. The modern IATA is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association founded in The Hague in 1919 - the year of the world’s first international scheduled services. This was reflected in the 1945 Articles of Association and a much more precise definition of IATA's aims than had existed before 1939. To promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples of the world, to foster air commerce, and to study the problems connected therewith; To provide means for collaboration among the air transport enterprises engaged directly or indirectly in international air transport service; To cooperate with the newly created International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO - the specialized United Nations agency for civil aviation) and other international organizations. INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA) TRAFFIC CONFERENCE AREA This IATA Traffic Conference Area was conceptualized to easily divide the world into only 3 areas. This is used mainly for airline purposes especially in determining the RATE or PRICE of a ticket. Price of a ticket in the same TC area is usually related to each other. AIRLINE /CITY /AIRPORT CODES AREA 1 – NORTH / CENTRAL / SOUTH AMERICA Country State / Capital City Airport Code
- 7. Canada Ottawa Charlottetown Edmonton Halifax Montreal Ontario Quebec Toronto Vancouver Winnipeg YOW YYG YEG YHZ YMQ ONT YQB YYZ YVR YWG Greenland Nuuk GOH
- 8. Country State / Capital City Airport Code United States of America Washington DC Washington Dulles Apt Alabama – Montgomery Alaska – Juneau Arizona – Phoenix Arkansas – Little Rock California – Sacramento Los Angeles San Diego San Francisco Colorado – Denver Florida – Miami Tampa Orlando Orlando International Airport Georgia – Atlanta Hawaii – Honolulu Idaho – Boise Illinois – Springfield Chicago Chicago O’ Hare Int’l. Apt. Indiana – Indianapolis Iowa – Des Moines Kansas – Topeka Louisiana – Baton Rouge New Orleans Maine – Augusta Massachusetts – Boston Michigan – Lansing Minnesota – Minneapolis St. Paul Mississippi – Jackson Missouri – Kansas City Int’l. Apt. St. Louis Montana – Helena Nebraska – Lincoln New Mexico – Sta. Fe New York – New York City Newark Int’l. Apt. Albany WAS IAD MGM JNU PHX LIT SMF LAX SAN SFO DEN MIA TPA ORL MCO ATL HNL BOI SPI CHI ORD IND DSM TOP BTR MSY AUG BOS LAN MSP JAN MCI STL HLN LNK SAF NYC EWR ALB
- 9. Country State / Capital City Airport Code United States of America North Carolina – Raleigh North Dakota – Bismarck Ohio – Columbus Cincinnati Oregon – Portland Pennsylvania – Harrisburg Pittsburg Philadelphia Rhode Island – Providence South Carolina – Columbia South Dakota – Pierre Tennessee – Nashville Memphis Texas – Austin Dallas Forth Worth Houston Utah –Salt Lake City Virginia – Richmond Washington State – Seattle West Virginia – Charleston Wisconsin – Madison Wyoming – Cheyenne RDU BIS CMH CVG PDX HAR PIT PHL PVD CAE PIR BNA MEM AUS DFW HOU SLC RIC SEA CRW MSN CYS Argentina Buenos Aires BUE Brazil Brasilia Sao Paolo Rio de Janeiro BSB SAO GIG Bolivia La Paz LPB Chile Santiago Concepcion SCL CCP Columbia Bogota BOG Ecuador Quito UIO French Guiana Cayenne CAU Guyana Georgetown GEO Mexico Mexico City MEX Nicaragua Managua MGA Paraguay Asuncion ASU Peru Lima LIM
- 10. Country State / Capital City Airport AREA 2 – EUROPE / MIDDLE EAST/ AFRICA Code Uruguay Montevideo MVD Venezuela Caracas CCS Antigua & Barbuda St. Johns ANU Barbados Bridgetown BGI Belize Belize City BZE Costa Rica San Jose SJO Cuba Havana HAV Dominica Roseau DCF Dominican Republic Sto. Domingo SDQ El Salvador San Salvador SAL Grenada Georgetown GND Guatemala Guatemala City GUA Haiti Port-au-prince PAP Honduras Tegucigalpa TGU Jamaica Kingston KIN Nicaragua Managua MGA Panama Panama City PTY St. Kitts & Nevis Basseterre SKB Trinidad & Tobago Port of Spain NOS The Bahamas Nassau NAS
- 11. Country State / Capital City Airport Code EUROPE Albania Tirana TIA Andorra Andorra la Vella ALV Armenia Yerevan EVN Austria Vienna Graz Linz VIE GRZ LNZ Belarus Minsk MSQ Belgium Brussels Antwerp BRU ANR Boznia-Herzegovina Sarajevo SJJ Bulgaria Sofia SOF Croatia Zagreb ZAG Czech Republic Prague PRG Denmark Copenhagen CPH England London LON Estonia Tallinn TLL Finland Helsinki HEL France Paris Charles de Gaulle Int’l. Apt. Lyon Marseille Nice Monte Carlo PAR CDG LYS MRS NCE MCM Georgia Tbilisi TBS Germany Berlin Cologne Frankfurt Hamburg Munich BER CGN FRA HAM MUC Gibraltar Gibraltar GIB Greece Athens ATH Hungary Budapest BUD Iceland Reykjavik REK Ireland Dublin DUB Italy Rome Leonardo da Vinci – Fiumicino Apt. Milan Naples Venice ROM FCO MXP NAP VCE Latvia Riga RIX Lithuania Vilnius VNO Luxemburg Luxemburg LUX Macedonia Skopje SKP Netherlands Amsterdam Rotterdam AMS RTM Northern Ireland Belfast BFS Norway Oslo OSL Poland Warsaw WAW Portugal Lisbon LIS Romania Bucharest BUH
- 12. AREA 3 – ASIA / AUSTRALIA
- 13. Country State / Capital City Airport Code ASIA Afghanistan Kabul KBL Bangladesh Dhaka DAC Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BWN Myanmar Napyidaw NYT China Beijing Int’l. Apt. Guangzhou Shanghai Hong Kong Macau PEK CAN SHA HKG MFM India New Delhi Bombay Calcutta DEL BOM CCU Indonesia Jakarta JKT Japan Tokyo Tokyo – Narita Int’l. Apt. Tokyo – Haneda Int’l. Apt. Osaka TYO NRT HND OSA Cambodia Phnom Penh PNH North Korea Pyongyang FNJ South Korea Seoul SEL Laos Vientiane VTE Malaysia Kuala Lumpur KUL Mongolia Ulan Bator ULN Nepal Kathmandu KTM Pakistan Karachi Lahore KHI LHE Philippines Manila Cebu Davao Kalibo Puerto Princesa Tagbilran MNL CEB DVO KLO PPS TAG Singapore Singapore City SIN Sri Lanka Colombo CMB Taiwan Taipei TPE Vietnam Hanoi Ho Chi Minh HAN SGN AUSTRALIA Australia Canberra Brisbane Melbourne Perth Sydney CBR BNE MEL PER SYD Guam Agana GUM New Caledonia Noumea NOU New Zealand Auckland Christchurch AKL CHC
- 14. AIRLINE CODES The airline codes, however, is a two (2) letter code to specify the airline. It is also useful in ticketing and in airline operations. International Airlines American Airlines - AA Hawaiian Airlines - HA Portugalia - NI Swissair- SR Air Canada - AC Iran Air - IR Northwest Airlines - NW Singapore Airlines - SQ Air France - AF IBERIA - IB Air Macau - NX Saudi Arabian Airlines - SV Air India - AI Istanbul Airlines - IL Air New Zealand - NZ Thai International Airways - TG Finnair - AY Air Greece - JG Air Nauru - ON Turkish Airlines - TK Alitalia - AZ Japan Airlines - JL African Intercontinental - OY United Airlines - UA British Airways - BA Brasil Central - JJ Asiana Airlines - OZ Air UK - UK Royal Brunei - BI Dragonair - KA Air Fiji - PC Air Zimbabwe - UM EVA Airways - BR Korean Air - KE Pakistan International - PK Bahamasair - UP China Airlines - CI KLM Royal Dutch - KL Philippine Airlines - PR Vietnam Airlines - VN Continental - CO Air Malta - KM Air Nuigini - PX Air Tahiti - VT Continental Micronesia - CS Kuwait Airways - KU Quantas Airways - QF Nigeria Airways - WT Cathay Pacific - CX LAN Chile - LA Air Malawi - QM Oman Air - WY Delta Airlines - DL Lufthansa - LH Qatar Airways - Q7 EL Al Israel Airlines - LY Emirates - EK Malaysia Airlines - MH VARIG - RG MI - Silk Air Garuda Indonesia - GA MK - Air Mauritius Royal Jordanian - RJ MS - Egyptair Gulf Air - GF PACO - Pacific Air South African Airways -SA MX - Mexicana Jetstar Airways – JQ Tiger Airways – TR
- 15. Domestic 2P – Pal Express 5J - Cebu Pacific Z2 - Zest Air DG – Seair THE TRAVEL MANAGEMENT CYCLE Week 3 - 4 The Operations Department cycle is divided into 5 – (1) Counter-counseling (2) Reservations (3) Fare Calculation (4) Ticketing (5) Documentation
- 16. The players of the Travel Operations Department are: the Manager, the Travel Supervisor and the Documentation Supervisor, the Travel Counselors or Counter Staff, the Reservations & Ticketing Officers and the Liaison Officer. Counter – counseling – aims to conclude counter sales, which are transactions captured by the travel counselors or counter staff. These transactions are the result of providing information and recommending suitable and attractive products. Effective counter counseling leads to counter sales. It includes suggesting itineraries and insuring proper travel documentation. FLIGHT ITINERARY PLANNING The process by which cities to be visited are arranged in the desired sequence to conform with the passenger’s desired travel plans, starting from the point of origin or destinations to be visited in the desired sequence. 1. Identify the city-pairs involved (origin – destination). Ex. Roundtrip journey has 2 city pairs 2. Select the suitable flights between the city-pairs on the basis of schedule (ETA/ETD) and frequency (day of the week) **Knowledge of world geo, airline flight geo and how to use a map is important. (Map directions N (12) E (3) S (6) W (9). It is also important to determine the scale. Scale is the proportional difference between the actual size of the area and the size of a map. Rules in Itinerary Planning 1. Avoid crisscrossing 2. Avoid backtracking 3. The less carriers the better – more to do with competitive airfares than anything else. **Simplest way – select a direct non-stop flight **If there is no direct flight, select a hub or transfer airport. In choosing a hub, take into account the safety of the passengers. Basic Tools for Flight Itinerary Planning 1. OAG Flight Planner
- 17. 2. Individual flight schedules in the travel portals 3. Global city pair availability in the GDS Types of Journey 1. One-way (OW) 2. Round Trip (RT) 3. Circle Trip (CT) – within a region 4. Round-the-World (RW) – travel within 3 continents 5. Open Jaw – one sector is not part of the ticket 24-Hour Time and Time Zones The arrival/departure times of the airlines are always expressed in local time. These are given in the 24- hour system (military time). Ex. 6:00 AM is 0600H Every 15 degrees of longitudes represent 1 hour time difference. The starting reference longitude is the Greenwich Prime Meridian (0 degree @ 1200H) This is also known as Zulu Time in the airline industry. There are 12 time zones east and 12 time zones in west of GMT. E.g. Manila GMT+8 When GMT is 1200H Local time in MNL is 2000H USA – LAX GMT-8 When GMT is 1200H Local time in LAX is 0400H
- 18. OAG FLIGHT PLANNER The basis for all electronic and automated flight information gathering systems being used today by both consumers and travel management companies is the Official Airline Guides (OAG). The information in an OAG Flight Planner is presented in an alphabetically, easy-to-use from/to (city-pair) style. The FROM is each DEPARTURE city, while the TO each ARRIVAL city, showing which airline fly the route between. 1. DEPARTURE CITY – the English spelling of the city of departure, its airline code and time variation from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) 2. AIRPORT (APT) – Airport names, code, distance and directions from city center “o” highlights airport at multi airports cities. 3. ARRIVAL CITY – Cities served from the point of departure by through or connecting flights. If the city of arrival has more than one airport, the name and code of each is given. 4. FLIGHT INFORMATION – Flights are shown in order of departure time. Through-flights are listed before connecting flights. Some cities are served by connecting flights only. 5. KEYS TO THROUGH-FLIGHT INFORMATION
- 19. 6. VALIDITY – Flight information is valid between the dates shown. Through and connecting flights operating for shorter periods are indicated by the first/last date of operation 7. DAYS OF OPERATION 8. DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL TIMES. Bold type is used for departure time from the city of origin and arrival time at the final destination. Arrival and departure time at transfer connection airports are not shown. The following symbols are used where arrivals is on a day different from that of departure. * - following day S – fourth day ++ - third day ¶ - previous day 9. FLIGHT NUMBER – The 2-letter airline code is used, followed by flight number. 10. AIRCRAFT TYPE 11. CLASS – Class of service offered 12. STOPS – The number of intermediate stops on each flight. 13. TRANSFER CONNECTION INFORMATION 14. FLIGHT NUMBER – The flight operating from city of departure to first transfer airport. 15. TRANSFER CONNECTION AIRPORT 16. FLIGHT NUMBER – The flight operating from the transfer airport to the city of arrival or the next transfer airport. Partial Codes of Aircraft Type AB3 – Airbus Industries A300 310 – Airbus Industries A310 73S - Boeing 737 - 200 BEC – Beechcraft 320 – Airbus Industries A320i 00/200 733 - Boeing 737 - 300 BNI – PB Norman Islander 330 - Airbus Industries A330 747 - Boeing 747 B11- British Aerospace BAC – 111 72S – Boeing 727-200 744 - Boeing 747 - 400 CNA – Cessna 727 – Boeing 727 767 - Boeing 767
- 20. Fare Class / Type Codes First Class R Supersonic Business Class J Business Class Premium P First Class Premium C Business Class F First Class D / I / C Business Class Discounted A First Class Discounted Economy / Coach Class W – Economy / Coach Premium S – Economy / Coach Y – Economy / Coach Discounted BOOKING CARD FOR TRAVEL Week 5 The Booking Card is the working form of the Operations Department - Travel. It is a complete record of all requirements of the passenger and provides a history of actions taken, confirmation, option dates and other relevant information. One must write in block letters to properly fill out and accomplish this form. Following the guidelines below: 1. DATE. Write the date the card is issued. 2. REFERENCE NUMBER. Write the assigned reference number / code for the transaction. Some do not write anything in this box unless a deposit payment has been made. 3. NAME(s). Write the passenger’s family name, followed by a slash, then first name and title. Write age of children. 4. HOME ADDRESS, PHONE NUMBER, E-MAIL. 5. COMPANY NAME, ADDRESS AND CONTACT PERSON. For corporate travel 6. FLIGHT ITINERARY. This is the flight scheduled requested or best suited to the client’s itinerary.
- 21. 6.1. Date. Date of Travel – Write the day and month in 3 letters ex. 05JUL 6.2. From. Write the point of origin 6.3. To. Write the destination point. Last box is last destination point. 6.4. Flight Number. Alphanumeric airline code and flight number 6.5. Class. Booking class code requested 6.6. ETD. Estimated Time of Departure from the origin city 6.7. ETA. Estimated Time of Arrival at the destination city 6.8. Status. Write the status as per airline reservations / GDS 6.9. Option. Time and date of the cut-off time to issue the ticket 6.10. PNR. Passenger’s Number Record as per airline reservations staff / GDS monitor 6.11. Fare. Write the sector fare = return, circle, open jaw fare **Types of Journey 1. OW – one-way 2. RT – roundtrip 3. CT - Circle Trip 4. OJ – open jaw, a sector is not part of a ticket 6.12. Total Airfare per Passenger. Total airfare x number of passengers 6.13. Number of Passengers 6.14. Total Amount Due for Airfares 7. HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS. A list of hotel requirements including number of rooms and applicable room rates. 7.1. City. City where the hotel is located. 7.2. Arr. Arrival/ check-in date. 7.3. Dep. Departure / check-out date. 7.4. Hotel Name. 7.5. Type. Type of room required (SGL, TWN, DBL) 7.6. Rate. Per night room rate. 7.7. Number. Indicate number of rooms required. 7.8. Nights. Indicate number of nights required. 7.9. Total. Room type rate x number of nights per city. 7.10. Total Hotel Accommodations
- 22. 8. SIGHTSEEING TOURS. 8.1. City. City where the tour is requested. 8.2. Date. Date of the tour. 8.3. Sightseeing Tour Name. Tour title 8.4. Hours. # of hours (> 8H = full day) 8.5. AM-PM. Or EV for evening 8.6. PP Rate. Rate per passenger 8.7. No. of Pax. 8.8. Total. Total sightseeing cost per destination 8.9. Total Sightseeing Tours 9. PREPARED BY. Write your name (as Travel Counselor) 10. SUMMARY. Total the airfare, the hotel accommodations and the sightseeing tours to determine the value of the transaction. BOOKING CARD FOR TRAVEL Date (1) 07 AUG Reference Number: N/A BONUS Passenger/s Name/s (3) 1.AQUINO/BERNADETTE KRIS/MS 2.YAPJR/JAMES BIMBY MSTR (CHD) Home Address (4) #3060 INTERIOR 12 CORDELLERA ST NEWYORK, CUBAO QC Contact#: BONUS Email Address: BKRISAQUINO@GMAIL.COM Company Name (5) ABS- CBN CORP. Company Address: #02 MO. IGNACIA ST DILIMAN QC Company Contact Person DARLA ALVAREZ Phone # 921-3566 Fax #581-3217 Email: BKRISAQUINO@GMAIL.COM/ BONUS Flight Itinerary Details (6) Date From To Flight # Class ETD ETA Status Option Fare 05SEP MNL SIN PR3041 J 1300H 1430 CONFIRMED N/A BONUS RT 07SEP SIN MNL PR3150 J 1100H 1230 CONFIRMED N/ABONUS RT Record Locator: ENW001/ BONUS Airfare: 210$ X 2 = 420USD X 43.00PHP= PHP18,060. Phil. Travel Tax: P1,260. X 2 = P3,240.00 TOTAL AIRFARE: PHP 21,300.00 Hotel Accommodation City Arr Dep Hotel Name Type Rate Number Nights SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE/ 05SEP 07SEP RAFFLES HOTEL, SINGAPORE DBL 105 USD 1 2
- 23. SIN TOTAL HOTEL ACCOMODATION:PHP 4,515.00 X 2 NIGHTS TOTAL TRANSACTION VALUE: PHP 9,030.00 Sightseeing Tours City Date Sightseeing Tour Name Hours Time PP Rate #of Pax Total SIN 06 SEP LEGO LAND 3H PM 55USD 2 110 USD SIN 06 SEP TWIN TOWER 2H PM 10USD 2 20 USD TOTAL AIR FARE: PHP21,300.00 TOTAL HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS: PHP9,030.00 TOTAL SIGHTSEEING TOURS: PHP 5,590.00 TOTAL TRASACTION VALUE: PHP 35,920.00 PREPARED BY: _____NAME OF STUDENT_______________ DATE: ___________07 AUG_________________ RESERVATIONS Week 6-7 RESERVATIONS – advanced requests for available space and services at sometime in the future. CONFIRMATION - a written advice by a supplier that a reservation has been accepted and will be honored, thus the term “confirmed reservations.” 3 METHODS: 1. Manual Reservations – direct contact with the supplier’s staff by mobile or regular phone. 2. Electronic Reservations – through the supplier’s e-mail address or interactive website that accepts reservations and provides confirmations. 3. Automated Reservations – through a global distribution system wherein the supplier is a member that provides availability and accepts reservations. FLIGHT RESERVATIONS
- 24. Manual Reservations – are the traditional way of placing reservation before the advent of e-commerce and internet. This method involves direct contact with the supplier’s staff by mobile or regular phone. When making reservations with a scheduled airline carrier or an airline, provide the following information: 1. Sector / Leg Required – Sectors being traveled, that is point of origin to point of destination. 2. Date of Travel 3. Flight Number / Class 4. Passenger (s) Name, Number of Pax, Adult, Children with age, seats being reserved After providing the above information, the airline will give you the TRANSACTION/RESERVATION STATUS (confirmed, waitlisted, unable); the PNR (PASSENGER NAME RECORD); which is a code of reference for the transaction, and the TICKETING OPTION , which is the date and time when the ticket(s) has to be purchased/issued in order not to lose the reservation. Electronic Reservations – were introduced by the use of email correspondence and involve writing to the email address of the supplier and receiving a reply form a department or individual. Another way is through an interactive website where no human contact is involved. Fields or boxes in the screen are filled out with the necessary details and the site either accepts or rejects the request. Confirmations are provided for confirmed reservations. Automated Reservations – are made through a global distribution system wherein the supplier is a member. Unlike electronic reservations where fields or boxes in the screen are filled out with the necessary details, this method provides the availability of a service first, allowing the client to make a choice. After the selection is made and inputted, the system provides confirmations. AMADEUS AUTOMATED RESERVATIONS SYSTEM Amadeus Air provides airline schedules for more than 780 airlines and availability information for flights that have seats available for sale on more than 460 airlines. The Amadeus system stores over 500,000 city pairs and 3.9 million routings worldwide, offering a wide range of direct flights and over 6 million connecting flight options. Availability Display The Amadeus availability shows all the flights with at least one seat available for sale or waitlist for all airlines, which have sales agreement with Amadeus.
- 25. Flight Type: 1. Non-stop – a flight that operates between 2 cities and does not make any stops. 2. Direct – an online flight that operates between 2 cities and make a stop in 1 or more cities en route. 3. Connecting – a flight that operates between 2 cities and makes a change online or interline in one or more cities en route. 4. Change of Equipment / Gauge – an online flight that operates between 2 cities with a change of aircraft at any international city. AMADEUS SYSTEM ENTRIES / TRANSACTION COMMANDS: 1. City Pair Availability – AN20DECHKGSIN where AN is the transaction code for neutral availability. AN10DECMNLHKG/ACX/CQ*20DECHKGSIN/ASQ/CH **AMADEUS AVAILABILITY – AN ** HKG HONG KONG.HK 103 SA 10DEC 0000 **HOTEL NIKKO HONGKONG OFFERS SUPERB PROMOTIONAL RATES** FROM 988 HKD’ VALID UNTIL 31 DEC 03 SEE> HANKHKG0001/SR-PRO 1 CX 904 Y /MNL 1 HKG 0700 0855 E0/330 1:55 2 CX 900 Y /MNL 1 HKG 1155 1405 E0/343 2:10 3 CX 918 Y /MNL 1 HKG 1735 1935 E0/330 2:00 4 CX 902 Y /MNL 1 HKG 2010 2210 E0/330 2:00 **AMADEUS AVAILABILITY – AN ** SIN SINGAPORE.SG 106 TU 20DEC 0000 BEGIN WITH THE BEST BIZ AT RITZ CARLTON MILLENIA TU 151USD WORLD’S FAVORITE HOTEL BY EUROMONEY *TO BOOK>HARSINSIN 11 SQ 001 Y /HKG SIN 2 0800 1135 E0.744 3:35 12 SQ 859 Y /HKG SIN 2 1330 1705 E0.773 3:35 13 SQ 865 Y /HKG SIN 2 1830 2205 E0.772 3:35 2. Dual City-Pair Availability – AN23SEPMNLHKG*26SEPHKGSIN
- 26. AN23SEPMNLHKG/ACX/CQ*26SEPHKGSIN/ASQ/CH **AMADEUS AVAILABILITY – AN ** HKG HONG KONG.HK 103 TU 23SEP 0000 **HOTEL NIKKO HONGKONG OFFERS SUPERB PROMOTIONAL RATES** FROM 988 HKD’ VALID UNTIL 31 DEC 03 SEE> HANKHKG0001/SR-PRO 1 CX 904 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 0700 0855 E0/330 1:55 2 CX 900 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 1155 1405 E0/343 2:10 3 CX 918 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 1735 1935 E0/330 2:00 4 CX 902 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 2010 2210 E0/330 2:00 **AMADEUS AVAILABILITY – AN ** SIN SINGAPORE.SG 106 FR 26SEP 0000 BEGIN WITH THE BEST BIZ AT RITZ CARLTON MILLENIA TU 151USD WORLD’S FAVORITE HOTEL BY EUROMONEY *TO BOOK>HARSINSIN 11 SQ 001 H9 /HKG SIN 2 0800 1135 E0.744 3:35 12 SQ 859 H9 /HKG SIN 2 1330 1705 E0.773 3:35 13 SQ 865 H9 /HKG SIN 2 1830 2205 E0.772 3:35 3. Schedule Display – a schedule display contains flights for all airlines that submit schedule data to Amadeus irrespective of the availability status of their flights. SN11JYNMNLBKK where SN is the transaction command for neutral schedule Entry To display a schedule for AN11JUNSFOLGA/AUA A specific carrier SN08FEBGUMHNL/CB A specific booking class SN21APRPARTPE/XHKG A specific connecting point SN19OCTCDGLHR0900 Flights departing one hour before the time specified SN15SEPMNLCEB/AYY Airlines does not have an availability and sales agreement with Amadeus 4. Timetable Display – timetable display contains flights of all airlines between a specific city pair for one-week period. This display shows you the frequency of flights between 2 airports and indicates which airlines operate on a particular day of the week. The display contains flights of airlines that participate in Amadeus. TN12AUGMNLSIN where TN is the transaction command for neutral timetable 5. Flight Information – provides users with information on the operation of a specific flight and date as provided by the respective airlines.
- 27. There are 2 ways of checking the flight information: A. Using a follow-up entry from an availability display DO1 where DO is the transaction code for flight information; 1 flight line number from an availability display. B. By displaying the flight number and date DOCX751/10AUG/HKGBOM 6. Airline Access Levels – offers airlines several types of availability and schedule displays and for booking seats. Access Level Indicator Table Indicator Access Type / Full Amadeus Access . Amadeus Access Sell * Amadeus Direct Access (Blank) Standard Access A. Full Amadeus Access This Access offers the highest level of connectivity with actual seat availability and immediate confirmation. This allows an airline to keep its availability displays in Amadeus synchronized with those of its own system. Schedule changes are immediate. B. Amadeus Access Sell This access offers a fully secure sale for each seat. When a request for a seat is made, Amadeus checks the flight in the airlines own inventory system. C. Amadeus Direct Access Offers a real-time link to the airlines own inventory system to display an accurate availability at the time the request is made. The link is created through the use of any of the direct access entries to be able to enter the Direct Access Mode. Entering the Direct Access mode from the neutral availability display: ACL 4 where AC is the Availability change command; L4 is the line identifier and line number from the avail display. Entering the Direct Access mode without the availability display:
- 28. 15JAD20SEPMNLHKG where 1 is the Direct Access Transaction code; 5J is the Airline Code; AD is the Availability command; and 20SEP is the Details of the flight. D. Standard Access Standard access offers flight availability and schedules that are updated once a week by tape and are updated by standard AIRIMP messages. When a seat is booked, a teletype message is generated to the airline at end transaction. Upon end transaction, am HK status may still be rejected by the airline within 12 hours. Beyond this, if seats remain unchanged, they are assumed to be confirmed. 7. Amadeus Passenger Name Record (PNR) Mandatory Elements – A Passenger Name Record (PNR) contains the details of a passenger’s reservation and other information related to a passenger’s trip. PNRs can also contain information to assist airline personnel with passenger handling. The items of information that make up PNR are called elements. A PNR can contain a maximum of 999 elements. These PNR elements can either be mandatory or optional. The mandatory elements are: Letter Definition Transaction Command S Segment SS M Name NM A Contact AP R Received From RF T Ticketing TK Unique Features of the Amadeus PNR: 1. All elements are numbered consecutively, making modifications easier. 2. All names are displayed individually, even though two passengers may have the same family name. 3. All names are displayed in alphabetical order by family name, regardless of the way they were entered during PNR creation. 8. Segment Element – can be a flight, hotel car, or cruise element. A PNR can contain 1 up to 99 segments. In a PNR, the segment follows the name, and is numbered consecutively. You can enter a flight segment using: · A short sell entry from an availability display · A long sell entry that includes all the flight details
- 29. A. Short Sell Entry When you have an availability display on your screen, you can make a short sell segment entry from the display. To sell one Y class seat for CX flight 912, enter: SS1Y4 where SS is the Segment sell transaction code; 1 the number of seats; Y is the Class of service; and 4 the Availability line number. B. Long Sell Entry – When you know all the details for a specific flight, you can book a seat using a long sell entry. A long sell entry does not refer to an availability display. To make a long sell, enter: SSLH745C28DECMNLFRA1 where SS is the Segment sell transaction code; the LH745 the Airline code and flight number; C is the Class of service; 28DEC the Departure date, DDMMM; MNLFRA is the Origin and Destination airport codes; and 1 is the number of seats required. To help differentiate between the levels of participation used when making a segment sell, Amadeus displays anyone of the following status codes upon selling: Status Explanation DK Sold and confirmed via Amadeus Full Access / and Access Sell LK Sold and confirmed from Direct Access mode SS Sold from Standard Access 12 hours waiting time NN Sold but status on request DW / LL Sold but status on waitlist C. Waitlist Segment – When a class of service in the availability display shows a status 0 or L, you may waitlist a passenger on a flight. Entry: SS2F3/PE where SS2F3 is the short sell entry and /PE is the Slash, followed by the priority waitlist code (airline specific). D. Arrival Unknown Segment – is an information segment you enter in the PNR to maintain segment continuity. ARNK (arrival not known) is used when a passenger uses another form of transportation between cities or airports within the itinerary. Entry: SIARNK where SI is the transaction code and ARNK is the arrival unknown indicator.
- 30. E. Open Flight Segments – When the passenger does not know the exact time or date of travel, you can enter an open segment in the itinerary. Open segments maintain segment continuity, and can be used for pricing and ticketing. To create an open segment, enter: SOAFC8AUGCDGMNL where SO is the segment open transaction code; AF the airline code; C is the class of service code; 8AUG the fictitious date, DDMMM; and CDGMNL is the origin and destination airport/city code. F. Ghost Segments – You use ghost segments to be able to produce a quotation for an itinerary without actually booking any segments. · Ghost segments may be used with all airlines, including system user airlines. · Information is never sent to the relevant airline. · Ghost segments cannot be used for ticketing. When entering a ghost segment, you must include the PNR record locator, when booked in another system. SS1Y1/GK/KLC897 or SSAA1197Y28JANMIAIAHGK1/KLC897 wherein SS is the transaction code; AA1197 the flight number; Y is the class of service; 28JAN the date of travel; MIAIAH is the origin and destination airport/city code GK status (GK confirmed ghost segment / GL waitlist ghost segment / GN need ghost segment); 1 the number of seat; and /KLC897 is the record locator outside of Amadeus. 9. Name Element – A passenger name consists of the family name, given name, and title. You can enter up to 9 names in PNR. A name can contain up to 60 characters. The acceptable titles are: Title Explanation Additional Info MR or MS 12 years or older MSTR or MIST 2 up to 11 years CHD INF 1 month to 23 months old INF A. Single Family Name Element NM1PEREZ/TIMOTHY MR where NM is the name element transaction code; 1 the number of passenger with the same family name, occupying seats; and PEREZ/TIMOTHY MR is the passenger family name, given name separated by a slash, and title.
- 31. Here are some of the examples of different possible name element entries: Entry Requests NM2REYES /HANS MR/HEIDI MS More than one passenger with the same family name NM1BRADLEY/MICHAEL MSTR(CHD) Child name NM1TAN/SUSAN MS(INF/LISAMARIE) Infant associated with an adult with the same family name *No spaces inside the parentheses NM1LIM/JANET MS(INFVALDEZ/IRENE) Infant associated to an adult with a different family name NM1LIM/JANET/ROWENA MS(IDPTA356) Adult name with passenger ID code NM1GOMEZ/ARTHUR MSTR(CHD) (IDRTT124) Child name with passenger ID code The system automatically: · Numbers that name element. · Places the name in alphabetical order by family name, regardless of how you entered them. · Creates an OSI element when entering a child or infant name. The OSI element appears in the PNR for the child, but not for the infant. In both cases, the OSI is transmitted to the appropriate airlines. 10. Contact Element – is used to store contact information of a travel agency and their passengers in the PNR. With the exception of a transaction code, the contact element is free-flow text. A PNR can contain up to 127 contact elements, each with a maximum of 90 characters. APMNL ABCDTRAVEL 8406589JOHN-A where AP is the contact transaction code; MNL the city code; ABC TRAVEL is the Agency name; 8406589 the telephone number; JOHN is the Agent name; and –A the dash, followed by the location indicator (A:Agency, B:Business, H:Home, F:Fax, Hotel:Hotel, E:Email, M:Mobile) Sample Entries: Entry Description AP MNL 8187867-H/P1 Home contact
- 32. AP MNL FAIRWAYS INC 9954678-B/P1 Business contact with passenger association APE-TSMITH@SUNLIFE.COM Email address of the passenger 11. Received From Element – identifies the person making or modifying a reservation. You can enter a maximum of 69 characters. During PNR creation the received from element is displayed as the second line in the PNR. After you end transaction, the received from element is moved to the PNR history. RFMARY where RF is the received from transaction code and MARY is the reference person. 12. Ticketing Element – indicates the type of ticketing arrangement made to provide tickets to a passenger. TKTL19MAY where TK is the ticketing element transaction code; TL the ticketing arrangement indicator; and 19MAY is the Date, DDMMM. Ticketing arrangement indicators: Option Indicator Indicates Queue placement Time Limit TL Deadline to purchase ticket Queue 8, category 1 Ticketed OK Ticket is issued No queue placement 13. End Transaction – When you have entered the five mandatory elements, SMART, you must end transaction to file the record in the system. Below is a PNR during creation: RP/MNL1A0980 RFMARIE 1. SANTIAGO/JUAN MR 2 CX 904 Y 29MAR 1 MNLHKG HK1 1 0700 0855 330 E 0 B SEE RTSVC 3 AP MNL ABC TRAVEL 8749876 MARIE-A 4 AP MNL 6785643-B 5 TK TL19MAR/MNL1A0980
- 33. System Response: RP/MNL1A0980 RFMARIE 1.SANTIAGO/JUAN MR 2 CX 904 Y 29MAR 1 MNLHKG HK1 1 0700 0855 330 E 0 B SEE RTSVC 3 AP MNL ABC TRAVEL 8749876 MARIE-A 4 AP MNL 6785643-B 5 TK TL19MAR/MNL1A0980 >ET END OF TRANSACTION COMPLETE – YQDE4R The system response is END OF TRANSACTION COMPLETE, followed by a unique 6- character Amadeus record locator. You use the record locator to retrieve the PNR after it has been filed in the system. 14. PNR Retrieval – You can retrieve a PNR using the record locator or details of a flight for a current date or future date. To retrieve a PNR by a record locator, enter: RTYQEPYT wherein RT is the retrieval transaction code and YQEPYT is the record
- 34. FORMS IN RESERVATIONS WEEK 8 BOOKING ORDER – is the working paper of the reservations sections of travel agencies and tour operators. A document issued by them requesting services for the traveler named in the document from the supplier. It goes hand-in-hand with the Tour Voucher. The Booking Order is sent direct to the supplier of services, while the Tour Voucher is handcarried by the traveler and surrendered to the supplier in exchange of services. BOOKING ORDER Reference No. 00001 Date: AUG20 Supplier’s Name: SOFITEL PHILIPPINE PLAZA Phone Number: 922-0001 Supplier’s Address: ROXAS, BOULEVARD Fax Number: Supplier’s Contact Person: MS YHANA FERRERAS Email:YFERRERAS@SOFITEL.COM Passenger/s Name/s: MENDEZ, FRANCES/MS Party of: JOI TRAVEL & TOURS Please reserve the following rooms for _2____ night/s ___SWB ___TWB/xbed __/_TWB ___ Quad ___DBL Arrival Date: AUG21 Arrival By: PR003 ETA: 1200 Departure Date: AUG23 Departure By: AA005 ETD:1200 Please provide the following meals on the following dates: ABF - __________ LNC - ______AUG21____ CBF - __________ DNR - _______AUG22___ Please also provide the following: WINE, AS WELCOME DRINKS. FRAPPE, CHEESE BURGER, 2PC CHKN JOY. Applicable Contract Rates: 200$ Form of Payment: VISA CARD Tour Voucher Number:143000-1 Remarks:FULLY PAID Prepared by: REGINE BRAVO-AGENT JOIT&T
- 35. TOUR VOUCHER- A document issued by the travel counselor of a travel agency or the reservations staff of a tour operator specifying services to be provided to the bearer. This is surrendered to the supplier in exchange for the services stipulated in the Tour voucher. TOUR VOUCHER Reference No. Order/Voucher No. Date: Passenger/s Name/s: Party of JOI TT MENDEZ/FRANCES/MS Adult/s: ____1______ Children: __________ Supplier’s Name: JOI TRAVEL & TOURS Phone Number:298-3343 Fax Number: Supplier’s Address: Email: 333 SUMULONG HI WAY, ANTIPOLO Please provide captioned client/s with the following services: SPA LAUNDRY IRON CLOTHES Per Reservations Request of: WELCOME DRINKS AWAY FROM SMOKING AREA NEARBY BAY VIEW As confirmed by: AGENT REGINE BRAVO Remarks: OK Prepared by: REGINE BRAVO- AGENT Approved by: MARKFERNANDEZ - OPERATIONS MANAGER
- 36. Purchase Order - A document issued by a travel agency requesting an IATA accredited travel agency or an airline / transportation company to issue corresponding tickets in favor of the passenger/s named in the document. Reference No.1234 Date:20AUG Order No.0001 FOR: JOI TT PASSENGER/S NAME/S: MENDEZ FRANCES/MS Party of: JOI TT FLIGHT SCHEDULE: ETA ETD PNR: AGENT REGINE007 OPTION: OK Remarks: NEARBY WINDOW SEAT VALUE BREAKDOWN: A. Airfare in US Dollars: ___100________ x __1________ person/s = 100USD B. Total in PHP: ________4,000_________ x _____1_____ person/s = 4,000. C. Philippine Travel Tax: PHP 1620 x ___1_______ person/s = D. Other charges (if any) TERMINAL FEE: 550PHP TOTAL AMOUNT DUE IN PHP: 6,170.00 Prepared by: RB Approved By: MARK FERNANDEZ
- 37. FARE CALCULATION, AIRLINE TICKETING & DOCUMENTATION WEEK 9 Fare Calculation – the amount to be charged for an air journey. A fare is the amount charged by a carrier of a passenger and his allowable free baggage, and is the current fare which a carrier in the publication it normally uses to publish fares holds out to the public as being applicable to the class of service to be furnished. Ways to calculate fares in PH: 1. Rate Sheets provided by the respective airlines 2. Passenger Air Tariff – a 2-book set which gives the applicable air fares on the various sectors 3. GDS FQD (Fare Quotation Display) 4. Airline’s Rate Desk Information in the Passenger Air Tariff 1. Headline/Sideline Cities 2. Fare 3. Fare type: Y, F, J 4. Carrier code 5. MPM – Maximum Permitted Mileage 6. Global Indicator – global routing direction applicable to the fare AP – via Atlantic and Pacific AT – across Atlantic CT – circle trip fare DO – domestic EH – Eastern Hemisphere EM – via Europe-Middle East
- 38. EU – via Europe FE – Far East ME – Middle East PA – via Pacific PO – Polar Route RW – round the world SP – via South Pole WH – Western Hemisphere 7. Rule 8. NUC – Neutral Units of Construction equivalent to the Local Currency Fare 9. Local Currency 10. Route Reference Amadeus Fare Quote Display 1. International Fare Display – to request a fare display between 2 cities: FQDMNLHKG 2. Pricing Prices an itinerary and stores the response – FXP Prices an itinerary without storing the response – FXX Airline Ticketing – only after the reservations have been processed and confirmed and the applicable airfares calculated, can the Ticketing Officer issue an air ticket. The issuance of air ticket is the final step in processing a passenger’s air travel requirements. It represents a contract between a passenger and a carrier and represents a passenger’s payment to the travel agent. 1. Paper Ticket – totally phased out in December 1, 2007 2. Electronic Air Ticket – transacted trough ticketing models provided b the CRS, a provider that record and control most air travel transactions.
- 39. Amadeus Electronic Ticketing Allows the sale of air transportation without issuing printed paper tickets; it also allows passengers to check in and board flights without holding printed tickets. To issue a ticket – TTP/PT – for paper ticket and TTP/ET for electronic ticket The system’s response upon issuing paper ticket: OK PROCESSED and upon issuing electronic ticket OK ETICKET Advantages Disadvantages For customers: stress free ticketing; no last minute queues Possibility of technology crash For airlines: saving of money for ticket printing and processing Less portable than paper ticket For travel agent: will allow them to explore greater opportunities to manage corporate travel experience Security issues in self check-in kiosks Documentation - refers to the process of legally securing the necessary travel papers for prospective passengers. These are documents required for: leaving the country of origin, transit countries, entry to and exit from the destination country, reenter to the country of origin. Citizen or National – a person who possesses the nationality of a country Alien – a person living in a country where he or she is not a citizen
- 40. Immigrant – a person who legally enters a country with the purpose of establishing permanent residence Tourist – a person who temporarily visits a country for at least 24 hours Transit Passengers – a person passing through a country without leaving the international transit area Travel Documents: A. Essential documents from NSO B. Passport C. Visa D. BI clearances Responsibilities: 1. Checks the authenticity of all public documents submitted 2. Insures that the documents filed are released on time 3. Determines what visas and other documents are required for travel. 4. Checks all relevant support papers for travel documents application 5. Arranges and coordinates appointments and visits to various consulates and government offices Types of Passport 1. Regular Passports (Maroon) - A regular passport is issued to any citizen of the Philippines applying for a Philippine passport. It is the most common type of passport issued and is used for all travel by Philippine citizens and non-official travel by Philippine government officials. Since September 17, 2007, all new Philippine passports have been issued with maroon covers. 2. Diplomatic (Blue) - A diplomatic passport is issued to members of the Philippine diplomatic service, members of the Cabinet, service attachés of other government agencies assigned to Philippine diplomatic posts abroad and Philippine delegates to international and regional organizations. It is the first of two passports issued to the President of the Philippines and the Presidential family. This passport has a dark blue cover and extends to the bearer the privilege of diplomatic immunity.
- 41. 3. Official (Red) - An official passport is issued to members of the Philippine government for use on official business, as well as employees of Philippine diplomatic posts abroad who are not members of the diplomatic service. It is the second of two passports issued to the President and the Presidential family. As such, this passport does not extend the privilege of diplomatic immunity. Government officials are prohibited from using official passports for non-official business, and as such also have regular passports. 4. Seafarer's Identification and Record Book (Light Blue) - The Seafarer's Identification and Record Book (SIRB) is issued to Filipinos who work as crewmembers on foreign-registered ships, as well as Philippine-registered ships with a weight over 35 gross tons. As this is issued by the MARINA and not the DFA, this type is unavailable outside the Philippines. There are special requirements for this type of passport, including certification by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) and other agencies. Visa Types By Purpose · Transit visa, for passing through the country to a destination outside that country. Validity of transit visas are usually limited by short terms such as several hours to 10 days depending on the size of the country and/or the circumstances of a particular transit itinerary. o Airside transit visa, required by some countries for passing through their airports even without going through passport control. · Short-stay visa, for short visits to the host country. Many countries differentiate between different reasons for these visits, such as: o Private visa, for private visits by invitation of residents of the country. o Tourist visa, for a limited period of leisure travel, no business activities allowed. o Visa for medical reasons, for undertaking diagnostics or a course of treatment in the host country's hospitals. o Business visa, for engaging in commerce in the country. These visas generally preclude permanent employment, for which a work visa would be required. o Working holiday visa , for individuals traveling between nations offering a working holiday program, allowing young people to undertake temporary work while traveling. · Long-stay visa, valid for longer but still finite stays: o Student visa, which allows its holder to study at an institution of higher learning in the issuing country.
- 42. o Temporary worker visa, for approved employment in the host country. These are generally more difficult to obtain but valid for longer periods of time than a business visa. Examples of these are the United States' H-1B and L-1 visas. Depending on a particular country, the status of temporary worker may or may not evolve into the status of permanent resident or to naturalization. o Journalist visa, which some countries require of people in that occupation when traveling for their respective news organizations. Countries which insist on this include Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, the United States (I-visa) and Zimbabwe. o Residence visa, granted to people obtaining long-term residence in the host country. In some countries, long-term residence is a necessary step to obtain the status of a permanent resident. · Immigrant visa, granted for those intending to immigrate to the issuing country (obtain the status of a permanent resident with a prospect of possible naturalization in the future): o Spousal visa or partner visa o Marriage visa o Pensioner visa (also known as retiree visa or retirement visa · Official visa is granted to officials doing job for their governments or otherwise representing their countries in the host country, such as the personnel of diplomatic missions. o Diplomatic visa o Courtesy visa issued to representatives of foreign governments or international organizations who do not qualify for diplomatic status By method of issuance: · On-arrival visa (also known as Visa On Arrival, VOA), granted at a port of entry. · Electronic visa. The visa is stored in a computer and is electronically tied to the passport number · Schengen Visa covers most of the European Union, plus several other adjacent countries. The visa allows a tourist or visitor access to the area covered by the agreement (known as the “Schengen Area” or “Schengenland”, currently consisting of 26 countries). · Central American Single Visa (Visa Única Centro Americana) was implemented by the CA-4 agreement between Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. It is required for citizens of all other countries, eliminating the need for separate entry visas for each of the countries.
- 43. · ASEAN Visa Some popular countries where Filipinos can enter temporarily without a visa: ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) · Brunei Darussalam - 14 days · Cambodia - 21 days · Indonesia - 30 days · Laos - 30 days · Malaysia - 30 days (sufficient fund must be at least 500USD) · Singapore - 30 days · Thailand - 30 days · Vietnam - 21 days Non- ASEAN · Taiwan - 30 days if holding a valid visa for Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Schengen countries, United Kingdom or United States. · Georgia – 90 days visa issued upon arrival, 360 days visa free to those who have temporary residence of Qatar, Oman, Bahrain and Kuwait · Hong Kong - 14 days · India - 30 days visa issued upon arrival · Israel - 90 days (3 months) · South Korea (if arriving at Jeju Island only) - 30 days · Macau - 30 days
- 44. · Maldives - 30 days visa issued upon arrival, extension of maximum 90 days is possible by paying MVR 750 · Mongolia - 21 days · Nepal - 15/30/90 days visa issued upon arrival for around US$25/40/100 · Sri Lanka - 30 days visa obtain upon arrival if holding Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA). EUROPE · Kosovo - 90 days OCENIA · Cook Islands - 31 days · Fiji - 120 days Visitor's Permit issued upon arrival and can be extended · Micronesia - 30 days · Palau - 30 days visa issued upon arrival, additional USD 50 for extension NORTH AMERICA · Costa Rica - 30 days Visitor's Permit issued upon arrival · Dominica - 21 days · Haiti - 90 days · Nicaragua - 90 days visa issued upon arrival · Saint Lucia – 6 weeks Visitor's Permit issued upon arrival
- 45. SOUTH AMERICA · Bolivia - 90 days · Brazil - 90 days · Colombia - 90 days · Ecuador - 90 days · Peru - 183 days · Suriname - 90 days AFRICA · Kenya - 90 days visa issued upon arrival for US$50 · Madagascar - 90 days visa issued upon arrival for MGA140,000 · Morocco - 90 days · Seychelles – 1 month Visitor’s Permit issued upon arrival if holding return ticket, sufficient funds (minimum USD150 per day of stay, and proof of accommodation)