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BAHAN AJAR
ENGLISH
GRADE X
by : Esni Singkay, S.Pd
Expressing
Thanking
A. When someone gives
you something
- Thanks (a lot).
- Thank you very much (followed by):
- It’s very nice/ beautiful.
- It’s just what I want.
- But you really didn’t have to / You
- shouldn’t have (if the gift is not
expected)
Thanking
Responses
- You are welcome.
- No problem.
- It’s OK/alright.
- Don’t mention it.
- I’m glad you like it
B. When someone does a
favor or helps you
Thanking
- Thanks (a lot) for your help.
- Thanks (a lot) for helping me.
- I really appreciate your help.
- It was very kind of you to help me.
- I’m very grateful to you for your
visit.
- I’m very grateful to you for inviting
me.
Responses
- You are welcome.
- No problem.
- That’s OK/ alright.
- Never mind.
- Forget it.
- Any time.
- Think nothing of it.
- I’m glad I could help.
- Don’t mention it.
- It was my pleasure/ My
pleasure.
- It’s no trouble at all.
D. Apologizing
Here are the expressions used to
apologize and their responses
(from the more formal to less
formal expression):
APOLOGY
Forgive me. I’m terribly sorry about …
Please accept my apology for …
Please excuse … (e.g., my cat)
I would like to apologize for …
I apologize for …
I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to …
I’m sorry that …
Sorry…
RESPONSE
 That’s quite all right
 I completely understand
 You don’t need to apologize.
 Oh, that’s all right. It can happen to
 anyone.
 It’s not your fault.
 Don’t worry about it
 It’s OK
 No problem.
 Forget it
F. Personal Pronoun
To replace someone or thing that we have
mentioned and we want to use it again, we
replace it into pronoun. form pronoun we can
find the possessive.
The change of person or thing into pronoun
or possessive are as follow.
Pronou
n
Possessive Poss.
Pronoun
Subject Object Poss. Adj.
Person Selvi
Doni
Beta
I +
Rino
She
He
They
We
I
You
Her
Him
Them
Us
Me
You
Her ...
His ...
Their ...
Our ...
My ...
Your
Hers
His
Theirs
Ours
Mine
Yours
Thing A book
Books
It
She
It
They
Its
Their ...
Its
Theirs
F. Simple Present
Simple present is used to express an action
happened at the time of speaking. The
adverb
of time used are: today, at present, on.
Adverb frequency :
1. always 5. ever
2. usually 6. once, twice
3. often 7. seldom/rarely
4. sometimes 8. never
1. Present to be: it is nominal sentence (a sentence which
doesn’t have verb)
(+) S + To be (am,is,are) + noun/adjective/adverb
(-) S + To be (am,is,are) + not + noun/adjective/adverb
(+) S + To be (am,is,are) +noun/adjective/adverb + ?
2. The Simple Present tense : To Be
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Full Short Full Short
I am I’m I am not - Am I ?
You are You’re You are not You aren’t Are You?
He is He’s He is not He isn’t Is he?
She is She’s She is not She isn’t Is she?
It is It’s It is not It isn’t Is it?
We are We’re We are not We aren’t Are we?
They are They’re They are not They are’t Are they?
This is This is not This isn’t Is this?
That is That’s That is not That isn’t Is that?
 Present to be : its for nominal sentence ( a sentence
which doen’t have verb)
 + S + to be + noun/adjective/adverb
 - S + to be + not + noun/adjective/adverb
 ? To be + S + noun/adjective/adverb + ?
 Present with verb: it is used for verbal sentence (a
sentence which has verb)
 + S + Ves/s + O/adv
 - S + do/does + not V1 + O/adv
 ? Do does + S + V1 + O/adv ?
Describing Thing and Person
A. Kind of adjectives from
adjective Phrase
1. Opinion
- Nice - interesting
- beautiful - handsome
- dirty - friendly
2. Size
- big - small
- large - tall
- high - short
- deep - thick
- tin - etc
3. Age 4. Shape
- old - round
- new - rectangular
-young - square
- cylindrical
5. Colour 6. Origin 7.Material
-red - italian -plastic
-yellow - Australia - wooden
- black - American - leather
-blue - Indonesian
- Malaysian
- Chinese
The pattern noun modifier
Article (a, an, the) + (opinion +
size + Age + Shape + colour +
origin + material) + noun
Example : - it is a beautiful tall
young girl
- This is a famous old
book
B. Noun showing Time, Day, Date,
Month, Year
To show the time we can use the cardinal
or ordinal number.
1. Showing Time
15’ : a quarter 1’-30’ : past (lebih)
30’ : a half 31’-59’ : to (kurang)
Example :
- 10.00 : ten o’clock
- 10.15 : a quarter past ten
- 10.30 : a half past ten
- 10.50 : ten to eleven
2. Showing Day, Date,
Month, Year
Example:
- Sunday, May 1st 2008
- Saturday, April 2nd
1998
C. Noun
1. Noun is devided into Singular
Noun and plural Noun
- The words “singular” means
single or only one.
The articles to show singular
nouns are : a/an/this/that/the
and one.
- The world “plural” means more than
one.
The articles to show plural nouns are:
many, some, several, these, those, the
and number more than one (Two, ten,
fifty,.....ets)
a. Singular Nouns :
Examples: - a book - this pencil
- one pen - that room
- an eraser - the girl etc.
b. Plural nouns:
Examples : - some pencils
- several letters
- many books
- these novels, etc
2. Some nouns have
exceptional forms
- a child → children - a man → men
- a deer → deer - an oxe → oxen
- a mouse →mice - a fish → fish
- a woman → women
3. Some nouns are concidered
plural in English
Examples:
- People - scissors
- Police - spectacles
- pants - trousers
4. Uncountables nouns
Some nouns are uncountable, we can’t count
uncountable nouns using number we should
use certainmeasurements for uncountable
nouns .
Example :
- ink → a bottle of ink
- water → much water
- bread → a slice of bread
- milk → ten cans of milk, etc
D. Nation, Nationalities and
Languages
Nations indicate the country where
someone is from, of nation; indicate
some
one’s nationality.
Languages are indicating someone’s
speaking.
Pay attention to this table!
No Country Nationlity Language
1 Brazil Brazilian Spanish
Nederland Holland Dutch
Germany Germany German
Italia Italian Italian
India India Hindi
Indonesia Indonesia Indonesian
Japan Japanese Japanese
China Chinese Chinese
Mexico Mexican Spanish
England English English
Malaysia Malaysian Malaysian
France French French
Spain Spanish Spanish
No Country Nationality Language
Saudi Arabia Arabian Arabic
Canada Canadian English/French
America American English
Australia Australian English
Singapore Singaporean English
East Timor Timorese Portugues
Russia Russian Russian
E. Profession
It’s someone’s job. It has relation with someone’s
doing to get money, to earn their living.
Example:
- A journalist : someone who make a writing
report to be a news
- A typist : someone who type some letters at
the office.
- A teacher : Someone who teach the students
at school

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Esni power point

  • 1. BAHAN AJAR ENGLISH GRADE X by : Esni Singkay, S.Pd
  • 3. - Thanks (a lot). - Thank you very much (followed by): - It’s very nice/ beautiful. - It’s just what I want. - But you really didn’t have to / You - shouldn’t have (if the gift is not expected) Thanking
  • 4. Responses - You are welcome. - No problem. - It’s OK/alright. - Don’t mention it. - I’m glad you like it
  • 5. B. When someone does a favor or helps you Thanking
  • 6. - Thanks (a lot) for your help. - Thanks (a lot) for helping me. - I really appreciate your help. - It was very kind of you to help me. - I’m very grateful to you for your visit. - I’m very grateful to you for inviting me.
  • 7. Responses - You are welcome. - No problem. - That’s OK/ alright. - Never mind. - Forget it. - Any time.
  • 8. - Think nothing of it. - I’m glad I could help. - Don’t mention it. - It was my pleasure/ My pleasure. - It’s no trouble at all.
  • 9. D. Apologizing Here are the expressions used to apologize and their responses (from the more formal to less formal expression):
  • 10. APOLOGY Forgive me. I’m terribly sorry about … Please accept my apology for … Please excuse … (e.g., my cat) I would like to apologize for … I apologize for … I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to … I’m sorry that … Sorry…
  • 11. RESPONSE  That’s quite all right  I completely understand  You don’t need to apologize.  Oh, that’s all right. It can happen to  anyone.  It’s not your fault.  Don’t worry about it  It’s OK  No problem.  Forget it
  • 12. F. Personal Pronoun To replace someone or thing that we have mentioned and we want to use it again, we replace it into pronoun. form pronoun we can find the possessive. The change of person or thing into pronoun or possessive are as follow.
  • 13. Pronou n Possessive Poss. Pronoun Subject Object Poss. Adj. Person Selvi Doni Beta I + Rino She He They We I You Her Him Them Us Me You Her ... His ... Their ... Our ... My ... Your Hers His Theirs Ours Mine Yours Thing A book Books It She It They Its Their ... Its Theirs
  • 14. F. Simple Present Simple present is used to express an action happened at the time of speaking. The adverb of time used are: today, at present, on. Adverb frequency : 1. always 5. ever 2. usually 6. once, twice 3. often 7. seldom/rarely 4. sometimes 8. never
  • 15. 1. Present to be: it is nominal sentence (a sentence which doesn’t have verb) (+) S + To be (am,is,are) + noun/adjective/adverb (-) S + To be (am,is,are) + not + noun/adjective/adverb (+) S + To be (am,is,are) +noun/adjective/adverb + ?
  • 16. 2. The Simple Present tense : To Be AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE Full Short Full Short I am I’m I am not - Am I ? You are You’re You are not You aren’t Are You? He is He’s He is not He isn’t Is he? She is She’s She is not She isn’t Is she? It is It’s It is not It isn’t Is it? We are We’re We are not We aren’t Are we? They are They’re They are not They are’t Are they? This is This is not This isn’t Is this? That is That’s That is not That isn’t Is that?
  • 17.  Present to be : its for nominal sentence ( a sentence which doen’t have verb)  + S + to be + noun/adjective/adverb  - S + to be + not + noun/adjective/adverb  ? To be + S + noun/adjective/adverb + ?  Present with verb: it is used for verbal sentence (a sentence which has verb)  + S + Ves/s + O/adv  - S + do/does + not V1 + O/adv  ? Do does + S + V1 + O/adv ?
  • 18. Describing Thing and Person A. Kind of adjectives from adjective Phrase 1. Opinion - Nice - interesting - beautiful - handsome - dirty - friendly
  • 19. 2. Size - big - small - large - tall - high - short - deep - thick - tin - etc
  • 20. 3. Age 4. Shape - old - round - new - rectangular -young - square - cylindrical
  • 21. 5. Colour 6. Origin 7.Material -red - italian -plastic -yellow - Australia - wooden - black - American - leather -blue - Indonesian - Malaysian - Chinese
  • 22. The pattern noun modifier Article (a, an, the) + (opinion + size + Age + Shape + colour + origin + material) + noun Example : - it is a beautiful tall young girl - This is a famous old book
  • 23. B. Noun showing Time, Day, Date, Month, Year To show the time we can use the cardinal or ordinal number. 1. Showing Time 15’ : a quarter 1’-30’ : past (lebih) 30’ : a half 31’-59’ : to (kurang)
  • 24. Example : - 10.00 : ten o’clock - 10.15 : a quarter past ten - 10.30 : a half past ten - 10.50 : ten to eleven
  • 25. 2. Showing Day, Date, Month, Year Example: - Sunday, May 1st 2008 - Saturday, April 2nd 1998
  • 26. C. Noun 1. Noun is devided into Singular Noun and plural Noun - The words “singular” means single or only one. The articles to show singular nouns are : a/an/this/that/the and one.
  • 27. - The world “plural” means more than one. The articles to show plural nouns are: many, some, several, these, those, the and number more than one (Two, ten, fifty,.....ets)
  • 28. a. Singular Nouns : Examples: - a book - this pencil - one pen - that room - an eraser - the girl etc. b. Plural nouns: Examples : - some pencils - several letters - many books - these novels, etc
  • 29. 2. Some nouns have exceptional forms - a child → children - a man → men - a deer → deer - an oxe → oxen - a mouse →mice - a fish → fish - a woman → women
  • 30. 3. Some nouns are concidered plural in English Examples: - People - scissors - Police - spectacles - pants - trousers
  • 31. 4. Uncountables nouns Some nouns are uncountable, we can’t count uncountable nouns using number we should use certainmeasurements for uncountable nouns . Example : - ink → a bottle of ink - water → much water - bread → a slice of bread - milk → ten cans of milk, etc
  • 32. D. Nation, Nationalities and Languages Nations indicate the country where someone is from, of nation; indicate some one’s nationality. Languages are indicating someone’s speaking. Pay attention to this table!
  • 33. No Country Nationlity Language 1 Brazil Brazilian Spanish Nederland Holland Dutch Germany Germany German Italia Italian Italian India India Hindi Indonesia Indonesia Indonesian Japan Japanese Japanese China Chinese Chinese Mexico Mexican Spanish England English English Malaysia Malaysian Malaysian France French French Spain Spanish Spanish
  • 34. No Country Nationality Language Saudi Arabia Arabian Arabic Canada Canadian English/French America American English Australia Australian English Singapore Singaporean English East Timor Timorese Portugues Russia Russian Russian
  • 35. E. Profession It’s someone’s job. It has relation with someone’s doing to get money, to earn their living. Example: - A journalist : someone who make a writing report to be a news - A typist : someone who type some letters at the office. - A teacher : Someone who teach the students at school