1. Type I Diabetes and Kidney
Disease
Robyn Eady
Eng/215
Strayer University
2. Overview
o Research Proposal to compare Type 1 Diabetes and Chronic
Kidney Disease with Long-Term complications. What do they
have in common? Can it be reversed?
o What is Diabetes
o What is Chronic Kidney Disease
o Literature Review
o Review some of the facts and information about Diabetes
and its development of type 1
o Chronic Kidney Disease and Diet
o Hypothesis
4. What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a disease in which the blood glucose levels
are above normal this happens when most of the food he
or she eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies
to use for energy.
The pancreas, is an organ that lies near the stomach, and
makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into
the cells of our bodies. When a person has diabetes, the
body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use its
own insulin as well as it should. This will cause sugar to
build up in your blood.
Diabetes can cause serious health complications including
heart disease, blindness, kidney failure and lower
extremity amputations.
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/learn/htm 4
5. Literature Review
o Development of Type 1 Diabetes
o Types of Diabetes
o Type 1
o Type 2
o Gestational Diabetes
o Growing Epidemics
o Symptoms of Diabetes
o Treatment with Insulin and Medication
o Long-Term Complications
o Diabetes: Harm the Kidneys
7. Types of Diabetes
Type 1 – Insulin dependent, persons with Type 1 must have
insulin delivered by injections or pump.
Type 2 – Non-Insulin dependent or adult-onset diabetes.
Associated with older age
Obesity
Family history of diabetes
History of gestational diabetes, physical inactivity
Race/ethnicity
o (African American and Native Hawaiian, and other
Pacific Islanders are higher risk for Type 2 diabetes
and complications.
Gestational – occurs in women who are pregnant, late stage.
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/general07.htm 7
8. Diabetes: Growing Epidemic
Did you know these facts about diabetes?
Nearly 21 millions people in the United
States (about 7% of the populations) have
diabetes, and about a third do not even know
they have the disease.
Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic
kidney disease.
Diabetes accounts for 45% of kidney failure.
Worldwide, 171 million people have
diabetes.
At lease 20% of people older than 65 years
have diabetes.
www.kidney.org 8
9. Symptoms of Diabetes
Frequent Urination
Excessive Thirst
Unexplained Weight Loss
Extreme Hunger
Sudden Vision Changes
Tingling or Numbness in hands or feet
Feeling very tired much of the time
Very dry skin
Sores that are slow to heal
More infections than usual
Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pains are some of the
symptoms in an insulin-dependent diabetic, which is called
Type 1 Diabetes. 9
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/learn.htm
10. Risk Factors & White Foods to Avoid
Risk Factors White Foods to Avoid
Belly Fat Bread “White”
Family History Flour “White”
Smoking Sugar “White”
Sanitary Life Style Fried Foods
Pasta “White”
Soda
11. Treatment with Insulin & Oral Medication
Insulin
14%
No
Medication
16%
Oral Only
57%
Insulin &
Oral
Medication
13%
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/general07.htm 11
12. Long-Term Complications
Heart
Failure
Angina Stroke
Heart, Brain,
Skin Legs, Eyes, Leg
Breakdown Kidney Cramps
Nerves, Skin
s
Damage to
Poor Vision
the Nerves
Kidney
Failure
www.merck.com/mmhe 12
13. Diabetes and the Kidneys
Diabetes can harm the kidneys by causing damage to the
following:
Blood vessels in the kidneys
Poor intake of fluid
Nerves in your body
Medication – diuretic “water pills”
Urinary tract
www.kidney.org 13
14. Functions of the Kidney
Pair of Organs
Keep the Blood
Clean
Process 200
quarts of
Blood daily.
Removes
Waste
www.niddk.org 14
15. Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease
Frequent Urination
Blood and or Protein in the
Urine
Burning during Urination
Puffiness & Swelling
(edema) in the face, hands
& feet
High Blood Pressure
Skin Itching
Nausea & Vomiting
Weakness
www.brighthub.com/health/diabetes/articles/2749/aspx 15
16. Primary Causes of Kidney Failure
Glomerulonep Kidney Failure
hritis Cystics
8% Disease
2% Urologic
Disease
2%
High Blood
Pressure
27% Other
17%
Diabetes
44%
kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudisease/pubs/kdd 16
17. Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Glomerular Filtration
Stage Description Rate (GFR)
Kidney damage (e.g.,
protein in the urine)
1 w/normal GFR 90 or above
Kidney damage w/mild
2 decrease in GFR 60 to 89
3 Moderate decrease in GFR 30 to 59
4 Severe reduction in GFR 15 to 29
Dialysis
5 Kidney Failure Less than 15
17
www.kidney.org
18. Prevent Kidney Disease
Ways that diabetics can prevent themselves from
acquiring kidney disease:
Control your blood sugar level
Keep blood pressure under control
Check your blood pressure often
Test for kidney disease once a year
Take medicine to control blood glucose
cholesterol, & blood pressure.
Follow your diet for diabetes
Get regular exercise 18
www.kidney.org
19. Chronic Kidney Disease
Changing the Diet
Protein
Limit the amount of protein that you eat: instead of 8 oz.
more like 3 or 4oz.
Cholesterol
Limit the amount of High Cholesterol foods:
cookies, pastries and muffins.
Sodium
No canned or processed foods like: frozen dinners and hot
dogs.
Potassium
Oranges, potatoes, bananas, dried fruits, dried beans, and
peas, nuts and snack foods.
Not Smoking
Two leading cause of Kidney Disease is
Diabetes and High blood pressure
19
www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov
20. Sample Meal Plan
Diabetes and Kidney Disease
Breakfast
o Peanut Butter Oatmeal
o Fresh Sliced Pears
o Very Berry Smoothie
Lunch
o Baked Salmon on a Toasted Hamburger Bun
o Roasted Asparagus Spears w/Spicy Tofu Hollandaise
o Sliced Pineapple w/Strawberry Lemon thyme Sorbet
Snack
o Cucumbers w/Horseradish & Dill Dip
o Mixed Nuts
Dinner
o Grilled Vegetables on Bulgur Pilaf
o Sliced Avocado
o Rum-Baked Apples
The potassium contents of this meal may be to high for some people
with Chronic Kidney Disease stages 3 or 4
www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov 20
21. Hypothesis
It is hypothesized individuals with stages 3 or 4 chronic
kidney disease who consume a Renal Failure Diet over a 6
month period will be significantly more likely to have their
chronic kidney disease enter remission than individuals with
stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease who do not modify their
diets.
It is further hypothesized that individuals with stage 3 or 4
chronic kidney disease who consume an renal failure diet over
a 6 month period will be significantly less likely to require
dialysis treatment than individuals with stage 3 or 4 chronic
kidney disease who do not modify their diets.
21
26. Procedures
Diagnosis of Type I Diabetes and participants with stage
3 or 4 Chronic Kidney Disease.
Experimental participants receive a week’s worth of
Renal Failure Diet frozen meals from the Outpatient
Dialysis Center weekly.
Control participants will maintain their regular diet;
which will consist of all food being:
Broiled
Grilled
Baked
26
www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov
27. Procedures Cont.
Participants will be asked to eat meals at a set times.
7 am Breakfast
11 am Lunch
2:30pm Snack
6 pm Dinner
Time Frame
6 month period
Assessments to determine the necessity of dialysis
treatment
28. References
American Diabetes Association, (2007); Diabetes, Retrieved on
August 12, 2010, from www.diabetes.org
Brighthub Health (2008); Health and Diabetes, Retrieved on August
25, 2010; from;
www.brighthub.com/health/diabetes/articles/2749/apsx
Center for Disease Control, (2007); What is diabetes, Retrieved
on August 12, 2010, from
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumers/learn.htm
eMedicine for WebMD, (2009); Development of Type I
Diabetes; Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com
29. References
Merck Manuals, (2010); Online Medical Library, Long-Term
Complications Diabetes; Retrieved on August 19, 2010,
from www.merck.com/mmhe
National Kidney and Urologic Disease Information Clearinghouse,
(2010); Kidney Disease, Retrieved from,
www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov
National Kidney Foundation, (2008); Kidney Disease and
Diabetes, Retrieved on August 19, 2010, from
www.kidney.org