Networking Concepts Lesson 07 - Architectures - Eric Vanderburg

1. Chapter 7
Network Architectures
Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005

2. Network Architectures
 The
overall structure, topology, physical
media, and channel access method.
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

3. Ethernet
 Easy
to install
 Works with many protocols
 Uses a hardware address
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

4. 10Mbps Standards
 10base5
 10base2
 10baseT
 UTP
or STP
 5-4-3 rule – 5 segments, 4 repeaters, 3
segments with nodes
 100m
 1024 nodes, 1024 segments
 10baseF
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

5. 10baseF
 10baseFL
– fiber to desktop
 10baseFP – connecting passive hubs,
500m
 10baseFB – fiber backbone
 1024 nodes, 1024 segments
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

6. 100baseT
 100baseT4
– 4pair Cat3
 100baseTX – 2 pair Cat5
 100baseFX – 2 strand fiber
 Hub Types
 Class
I – 1 hub between devices
 Class 2 – 2 hubs between devices
 Switches are immune
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

7. Gigabit Ethernet
 802.3z
 1000baseLX
– long wavelength (12701355nm), multimode fiber
 1000baseLH – long haul, 10,000m,
single-mode
 1000baseZX – 100,000m, single-mode
 1000baseSX – short wavelength (770860nm), multimode
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

8. Gigabit Ethernet
 1000baseCX
– twin copper cables, short
range 25m, for connecting equipment
 1000baseT
 802.3ab
 Full
duplex all wires
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

9. 10 Gigabit Ethernet



802.3ae
All fiber
LAN versions



MAN versions


10GbaseSR – 26-82m, multimode, high speed server,
switches, & SANs
10GbaseLR, 10km, single mode, campus backbone
10GbaseER – 40km, single-mode
WAN versions



10GbaseSW – 300m, multimode
10GbaseLW – 10km, single mode
10GbaseEW – 40km, single mode
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

10. Ethernet Frame Types
 Must
use same frame type to communicate
 802.3 – Netware 2x, 3x
 802.2 - IEEE 802.3
 Ethernet SNAP (SubNetwork Access Protocol)
– AppleTalk, protocol type field
 Ethernet II – TCP/IP, has protocol type field in
the preamble, can be up to 1518 bytes long
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

11. Max Segments
 Switches
reduce the collision domain
 Routers reduce the broadcast domain
 Add
switches or routers to the network
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

12. Wireless
 Hidden
node problem – all can hear AP
but not each other
 Demand priority used to correct
 RTS
(Ready to Send)
 CTS (Clear to Send)
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

13. Token Ring
 NAUN
(Nearest Active Upstream Neighbor)
 NADN (Nearest Active Downstream Neighbor)
 Beaconing – find error in ring, beacon sent
every 7 seconds
 MAU (Multistation Access Unit) / SMAU (Smart
Multistation Access Unit)

Has 10 or 16 ports, 2 ports used for RI (Ring In) &
RO (Ring Out)
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

14. Token Ring Frame Types
 802.5
frame type (the native format for
Token Ring networks), up to 18,000
bytes long
 Token Ring SNAP - 802.5 frame type
with SNAP header (can be used with
TokenTalk)
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

15. AppleTalk
 AppleTalk
Phase 1 – 32 nodes/network,
254 max
 AppleTalk Phase 2
 EtherTalk
(1024)
 TokenTalk
 LocalTalk
– bus network
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

16. FDDI









Redundancy
Uses Fiber
500 nodes
100m
Primary and secondary ring
Multiple frames
Concentrator – hub for FDDI
DAS (Dual Attachment Station) – connected to primary
and secondary rings
SAS (Single Attachment Station)

Used when connected to DAS concentrator
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

17. Broadband
 Cable
DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface
Specification)
 Longer range
 Faster speed

 DSL

More secure
 ISDN
(Integrated Services Digital Network)
2 B (bearer) channels, 56kbps
 1 D (data) channel 16 kbps

Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

18. ISDN
H
channels provide a way to aggregate
B channels.
 H0=384
kb/s (6 B channels)
 H10=1472 kb/s (23 B channels)
 H11=1536 kb/s (24 B channels)
 H12=1920 kb/s (30 B channels) International (E1) only
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

19. DSL Types
Type
Description
Data Rate
Distance Limit
Application
IDSL
ISDN Digital Subscriber Line
128 Kbps
18,000 feet on 24 gauge
Similar to the ISDN BRI service but
data only (no voice on the same line)
CDSL
Consumer DSL
from Rockwell
1 Mbps downstream; less
upstream
18,000 feet on 24 gauge
Splitter less home and small business
service
DSL
Lite
"Splitterless" DSL
From 1.544 Mbps to 6 Mbps
downstream
18,000 feet on 24 gauge
The standard ADSL; sacrifices speed
for not having to install a splitter at the
user's home or business
HDSL /
UDSL
High bit-rate Digital Subscriber
Line / Unidirectional DSL
1.544 Mbps duplex on two twistedpair lines;
2.048 Mbps duplex on three
twisted-pair lines
12,000 feet on 24 gauge
T1/E1 service between server and
phone company or within a company;
WAN, LAN, server access
SDSL
Symmetric DSL
1.544 Mbps duplex (U.S. and
Canada); 2.048 Mbps (Europe) on
a single duplex line downstream
and upstream
12,000 feet on 24 gauge
Same as for HDSL but requiring only
one line of twisted-pair
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line
1.544 to 6.1 Mbps downstream;
16 to 640 Kbps upstream
1.544 Mbps at 18,000ft
2.048 Mbps at 16,000ft
6.312 Mpbs at 12,000ft
8.448 Mbps at 9,000ft
Used for Internet and Web access,
motion video, video on demand, remote
LAN access
RADSL
Rate-Adaptive DSL from Westell
Adapted to the line, 640 Kbps to
2.2 Mbps downstream; 272 Kbps
to 1.088 Mbps upstream
Not provided
VDSL
Very high Digital Subscriber Line
12.9 to 52.8 Mbps downstream;
1.5 to 2.3 Mbps upstream;
1.6 Mbps to 2.3 Mbps downstream
4,500 feet at 12.96 Mbps;
3,000 feet at 25.82 Mbps;
1,000 feet at 51.84 Mbps
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005
Used for Internet and Web access,
motion video, video on demand, remote
LAN access
ATM networks;
Fiber to the Neighborhood

20. Broadcast
 Satellite
 Modem
for upload
 400kbps download
 DirectPC
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

21. ATM
 Asynchronous
Transfer Mode
 Dedicated circuit
 Cells used – 53byte (Header:5, Data:48)
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

22. SONET
 Synchronous
Optical Network
 Easy to add and remove multiplex channels
 Asynchronous technologies require
demiltiplexing and remultiplexing of the entire
switching structure when a change is made.
 Ring
 DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division
Multiplexing) – divides fiber into 32 channels
from 1520-1580nm wavelengths
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

23. Terms
 Synchronous
- digital transitions in the
signals occur at exactly the same rate.
 Plesiochronous - transitions occur at
“almost” the same rate, with any
variation being constrained within tight
limits.
 Asynchronous - transitions do not
necessarily occur at the same rate
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

24. Optical Carrier (OC)
 See
page 273
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005

25. HIPPI
 High
Performance Parallel Interface
 Serial HIPPI, 800Mbps
 GSN (Gigabyte System Network)
HIPPI 6400, 6.4Gbps
Networking Concepts – Eric
Vanderburg ©2005