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ISCRAM 2013: Applying ISO 9241-110 Dialogue Principles to Tablet Applications in Emergency Medical Services
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems (IMIS)
Applying ISO 9241-110 Dialogue
Principles to Tablet Applications
in Emergency Medical Services
Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Agenda
• Introduction
• Background & Related Work
• Applying Dialogue Principles
• Conclusion & Further Work
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Introduction
• potential advantages of mobile computing solutions
– enhanced data quantity and quality
– pervasive flow of information
• Emergency Medical Services (EMS) still rely on paper
• replacing paper-based workflows
– “not simply a case of giving workers a computer and links to a
network” (Sellen & Harper, 2002)
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Introduction
• usability is crucial to…
– user acceptance
– delivering added values and benefits
• user interface can “either make or break the system”
(Vicente, 1999)
• considering well-established design principles can…
– help to avoid major design flaws
– be of great use at any stage of user-centered system design
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Background & Related Work
• need for improving ergonomic design and usability
has been identified repeatedly
• majority of projects and publications
– Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs)
– design in more general
– self-defined principles and evaluation criteria
• established sets of design rules
– eight golden rules of interface design (Shneiderman & Plaisant, 1998)
– ten usability heuristics (Nielsen, 1993)
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Background & Related Work
• considering ISO 9241-110 has certain advantages
– connected to other parts of ISO Standard 9241
– validated questionnaires are available
– revised by experts from all over the world since the 1980s
– proven to work in many application areas
– accompanied by various examples and advices
– contracting parties make ISO standards part of their contracts
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Applying Dialogue Principles
suitability for the task
conformity with user expectations
suitability for learning
suitability for individualization
self-descriptiveness
controllability
error tolerance
ISO 9241-110:2006
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Applying Dialogue Principles
• Care & Prepare approach in a nutshell
– an application for managing Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) has
to be a “natural” extension of a daily used system
• offer a consistent interaction design
• offer clearly distinguishable modes
• technology-oriented tasks must be handled by software
• application-oriented tasks stay with the human experts
Suitability for the Task
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Applying Dialogue Principles
• input masks and dialogs cannot be the same for
managing regular missions and MCIs
• consistent user interface
– well-known feedback mechanisms
– color schemes
• minimize the gulf of execution (Norman, 1986)
• minimize the gulf of evaluation (Norman, 1986)
• users’ mental model of the application system
stabilizes and deepens
Conformity with User Expectations & Suitability for Learning
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Applying Dialogue Principles
• “avoid too many alternatives and modes” (Leitner et al., 2007)
– users are rarely capable of individualizing systems in their
interest and to their benefit (Herczeg, 2009)
• possibility to localize applications in advance
– e.g. terms, abbreviations, drugs, transport destinations, vehicles
• individualization restricted to content
Suitability for Individualization
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Applying Dialogue Principles
• direct access vs. number of visible components
– use tabs and foldable elements
• button labels should tell about corresponding action
– avoid generic labels like “Yes”, “No” or “OK”
• sophisticated alarm management is necessary
• modal dialogs represent an easy concept
Self-Descriptiveness & Controllability
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06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Conclusion & Further Work
• prototype has been presented to more than 40
representatives of 8 EMS and emergency departments
– judged to be positive in general
– summative evaluation with good results (preliminarily)
• ISO 9241-110 should be considered when designing
applications in safety-critical mobile contexts
15. 15 / 15
06.07.2013 Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems (IMIS)
Applying ISO 9241-110 Dialogue
Principles to Tablet Applications
in Emergency Medical Services
Tilo Mentler | Michael Herczeg
mentler@imis.uni-luebeck.de