1. ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT
Y
Mike Barker Associate ARUP, MIEEM CEnv
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Energy and carbon in the water sector
• Links to the energy sector
• Frameworks: Carbon hierarchy and water hierar rchy
• Carbon and water footprinting: An introduction
• Balancing carbon and water: Behaviour or techn nology
• Conclusions
C l i
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

3. TOTAL WATER WITHDRAWALS
Private Mining
M
water supply 1%
Other Domestic
0%
0% Other Public 1%
Fish, farming, industry Supply
cress growing
i 12% 11% Public Water
and amenity Supply
ponds 21%
10%
Public water Energy Cooling
supply
pp y Thermoelectric Irrigation 43%
49% power 31%
49% Irrigation
Electricity 24%
28%
Agriculture other Industry
than spray 12%
Livestock
Aquaculture
irrigation Spray irrigation Indus
strial
0% 1% 4%
% 2% 1%
ENGLAND AND WALES UNITEDSurvey 2005 data
ST
TATES EUROPEAN UNION
European Environment Agency data, 1997-2002
Ofwat 2007 data U.S. Geological y
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

4. UK WATER-RELATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS,
2005/06
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

5. BREAKDOWN OF CARBON EMISSIONS FOR DOMESTIC USE WATER
R
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

6. ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

7. ENERGY INDUSTRY ISSUES MAP 2007/8 – 2008/9
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

8. THE NEED FOR A FRAMEWORK
• Climate change is the defining issue of this century
• Carbon is everyone’s concern
• Water in the UK is highly regulated
• Pressure to “do our bit” is increasing –
do bit
but what is “our bit” for the water industry?
© phil landowski
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

9. WHAT FRAMEWORK?
CARBON AND WATER SYSTEM
CARBON WATER
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

10. CARBON HIERARCHY
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

11. DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
WATER CYCLE
• How to work with feedback loops
• Describing positive and negative feedback
• Combining carbon cycle and water cycle,
with many variables
• A systems approach helps us identify
industry-wide opportunities
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

12. DEVELOPING THE SYSTEM
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

13. EXAMPLES OF CARBON
FOOTPRINTING PROCESS
• Legal requirement for Water companies to
g q p
calculate and report their operational emissions
• Portsmouth Water assessed full Scope 1, 2 and
3 emissions (using Bottomline3)
• E bl d id tifi ti of where i th supply chain
Enabled identification f h in the l h i
the most significant carbon footprint impacts occur
and encourages sustainable procurement and
engagement with suppliers
© Attilio Ivan
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

14. WATER HIERARCHY
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

15. WATER FOOTPRINTING: AN
INTRODUCTION
the volume of fresh water used to produce the product,
summed over the various steps of the production chain.
Water footprint includes a temporal and spatial
dimension.
type of water use:
Green water footprint volume of rainwater evaporated.
p p
Blue water footprint volume of surface or groundwater
evaporated.
Grey water footprint volume of polluted water.
(the theoretical amount of water needed to dilute
contaminants.)
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

16. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
DOMESTIC WATER USE EXAMPLE
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

17. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
DOMESTIC WATER USE EXAMPLE
EU per capita water consumption (l/p/d)
Source: based on Waterwise data, 2006
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

18. UK REGULATORY
FRAMEWORK
•How can the reg lator s stem
Ho regulatory system
incentives reductions in water use?
•In the US, some energy utilities sell
"Negawatts" (a Megawatt avoided)
Negawatts
•How would we create, measure and
sell "Negalitres"?
•Why would the consumer trust a water
Why
company to sell them Negalitres?
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

19. DOMESTIC DESIGN
GREY WATER AND RAINWATER HARVESTING
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

20. POSSIBLE BALANCED SOLUTIONS
Carbon Other Stakeholder Power Sector
Delivery Cost Benefits Water Be
enefits Water Co Priority Priority Priority
Incentivising Negalitres N N N
Small hydro N N ?
Anaerobic digestion Y Y ?
Catchment management ? Y N
Process efficiency N N Y
Rainwater harvesting N N N
Greywater recycling N N N
Desalination N N N
Non‐potable water N N ?
Reduce leakage ? Y N
Metering
M t i ? Y N
Dry cooling N ? ?
Renewables ? Y Y
Biofuels N Y ?
Source: Arup internal workshop
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

21. PIECE BY PIECE - ENERGY
• Reduce consumer demand for energy
• Increase renewables
• So e carbon-saving technologies a e dde
Some ca bo sa g tec o og es have hidden
water implications (CCS)
• Biofuels are not all as beneficial as they seem
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

22. PIECE BY PIECE - WATER
• Reduce consumer demand and water heating,
• Look at total system carbon including treatment
• Biogas p
g production and use
• Increase climate resilience
• Gravity feed standards
• Leakage reductions
• Heat recovery
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

23. REMAKING THE SYSTEM Increase climate
resilience
Gravity feed
standards
Reduce consumer
demand and water
heating Leakage reductions
Look at total system
Biogas production Heat recovery
carbon including
and use
treatment
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

24. CONCLUSIONS
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

25. CONC
CLUSIONS
• Water a carbon – the big issues of our age
and
• Engine
eering problems but not only engineering problems
• System thinking is imperative
ms
• Change is possible, and offers potential to be beneficial and inclusive
e
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT

26. THANK YOU
ANY QUESTIONS?
ENERGY USE AND THE WATER INDUSTRY CARBON FOOTPRINT