1. Plants & Water
Plants contain large amounts of water.
Most herbaceous parts of plants are over
80% water.
1
2. Plants use water for
several purposes
Photosynthesis: For
each molecule of
glucose made by plants,
6 or more molecules of
water must be broken
apart.
2
3. Plants use water for
several purposes
Turgor: The abundant
presence of water in the
cell stiffens the herbaceous
parts of the plant.
3
4. Plants use water for
several purposes
Hydrolysis:
Plants often break
apart large
molecules by
adding water
molecules or
parts of water 4
5. Plants use
water for
several
purposes
Translocatio
n: The
materials in a
plant can be
moved only if
they are
dissolved in
water. 5
8. Soilis the
unconsolidated mineral
material on the
immediate surface of the
Earth that serves as a
natural medium for the
growth of land plants.
8
9. composition of soil by volume
Ideal fertile soil
Mineral 45%
Organic matter 5%
Water 25%
Air 25%
http://jpkc.snnu.edu.cn/geog/webasp/kj/kejian/6%20turangquan.ppt
9
18. loess
Mineral: most carbonates
small amount of clay minerals
good aeration, water-holding ability
easy to be transported by river and wind
for example: 1935 dust storm in midwest United
States
18
21. loam
mixture of clay, silt and sand
sandy, plastic when wet
easily water contain
more nutrients than sandy soils
ideal fertile soil
21
22. soil pH value
The chemistry of plant elements in the soil
can be affected by pH.
Soil pH is the measurement of acidity
(sourness) and alkalinity (sweetness).
22
23. If the soil pH is
acid, or
extremely low,
some
micronutrients
become too
soluble and
occur in
concentrations
great enough to
harm plant. 23
24. Ifsoil pH is high, in the
alkaline range, many of the
nutrients can be precipitated
out and not be available to
plants.
24
25.
26. soil pH value
in soil pH in soil pH
Na2CO3 12~13 CaSO4 7.0
8.5~9.5 7.7~7.1
NaHCO3 H2O
11.47 6.3~6.5~6.8
MgCO3 10.20 Na2SO4 ， MgSO4 ， NaCl ， M 4.7
CaCO3 8.48 3.9~5.7
gCl2
CaCO3-withCO2 6.13~8.4 2~4
NH4Cl
Ca(HCO3)2
H2CO3
KAl(SO4)2 ； AlCl3
http://netc.nwsuaf.edu.cn/jingpin/2003/turangxue/ppt/5.1.ppt
The best pH value for plants is 6,5 .
26
28. Fruit
PLANT TYPE SOIL pH
Apple 5.0-6.5
Apricot 6.0-7.0
Arbor Vitae 6.0-7.5
Blueberry, high bush 4.0-5.0
Cherry, sour 6.0-7.0
Cherry, sweet 6.0-7.5
Crab apple 6.0-7.5
Cranberry, large 4.2-5.0
Peach 6.0-7.5
Pineapple 5.0-6.0
Raspberry, red 5.5-7.0
28
Strawberry 5.0-6.5
http://netc.nwsuaf.edu.cn/jingpin/2003/turangxue/ppt/5.1.ppt
30. Summar
y
Clay: perfect water-holding ability
good for paddy rice fields.
Both loess and loam can be tillable soil for
most of plants.
But loam is better, because of more
nutrients.
more than 1.5% organic matter
pH value by 6.5
30
31. Different soil types develop in
different climates.
Image: T. Loynachan
Soils-4-1
32. Prairie soils have a dark surface layer
(horizon), are rich in minerals, and form in
grasslands widespread across Earth’s
middle latitudes.
Images: NRCS
Soils-4-2
33. Forest soils have a light gray upper
horizon, a horizon rich in aluminum
and/or iron, and form in warm to cool
humid regions where coniferous forests
grow.
Image: Soil Classifiers of Michigan
34. Tropical soils are reddish and iron-oxide
rich, depleted in nutrients, and form in
humid and warm regions.
Images: National Cooperative Soil Survey, University of Nebraska Soils-4-4
35. Organic soils are dark colored, rich in
decomposed organic matter, and form in
poorly drained lowlands such as swamps
and wetlands.
Images: Bruce Molnia, Soil Classifiers of Michigan
Soils-4-5
36. Desert soils form in arid settings and are
commonly rich in calcium carbonate.
Images: Martin Miller, NRCS
37. Tundra soils form in Arctic environments,
have a dark organic-rich upper layer, and a
mineral rich layer over frozen ground.
37
Images: Travis Hudson, Alaska/Yukon Society of Professional Soil Scientists Soils-4-7
