1. TECNOLOGIA EM REDES DE
COMPUTADORES
ATIVIDADE COMPLEMENTAR
INGLÊS
INSTRUMENTAL
PROFº. GENION BEZERRA DA
COSTA

2. Equipe
 José Carlos da Rocha Ximenes
 Francisco Ederson de Oliveira
 Fagner Mota Barros
 Júlio Cesar Tavares Silvestre
 Antônio Leandro Diniz da Silva
 Matheus Mendes Rodrigues
 Ricardo de Moura Alves
 Antônio Manoel Silva de Queiroz
 Antônio Leandro Martins Candido
 Antônio Gleydson Monteiro Paz
 Romário Brito de Azevedo

3. I n ear l y 1991 Br azi l began r ecei vi ng
t he f i r st dat a t r ansf er r ed vi a t he I nt er net .
Lear n m e about how i t cam about and how t he
or e
i nt er net w at t hat t i m
as e!

4. I f you w e bor n af t er 1994, bel i eve m t her e
er e:
w as a t i m w e hen w had no i nt er net . O r at her , t he
e r
i nt er net up t her e, but access t o i t w as r est r i ct ed t o
m l i t ar y per sonnel and r esear cher s. W se, begi nni ng i n
i or
t he w l dw de net w k of com er s ser ved pr i m i l y t o
or i or put ar
exchange em l s si nce t he w pages had not been i nvent ed.
ai eb

5. I n such a net w k w devel oped i n an academ c
or as i
envi r onm , but w t h t he f undi ng of a m l i t ar y body
ent i i
speci al l y bui l t f or t hi s pur pose i n 1958: t he Advanced
R esear ch Pr oj ect s Agency (AR PA), w ch w
hi as di r ect l y
l i nked t o t he D epar t ment of D ense.
ef
The f i r st demonst r at i on of t he AR ET, w ch
PAN hi
w consi der t o be t he m her of t he I nt er net , hel d i n
e ot
August 5, 1968. O t he i nt er net you can f i nd m
n aps
show ng t he poi nt s connect ed by t he AR ET. I n
i PAN
D ecem ber 1969, f or exam e, t he net w k w
pl or as com i sed
pr
of onl y f our poi nt s. Ver y di f f er ent f r om t he vi si on w e
have i n M ch 1977, w
ar hen dozens of host s ar e
i nt er connect ed.

6. W t h t he passage of t i m and gr ow h of t he
i e t
AR ET, t he net w k began t o be used al so f or
PAN or
uni ver si t i es and, i n t he 80s, adopt ed t he TC / I P
P
pr ot ocol cur r ent l y i n use on t he i nt er net as st andar d
t echnol ogy f or com uni cat i on.
m
Coupl ed w t h t he popul ar i zat i on of per sonal
i
com er (PC and TC / I P, anot her "char act er " t hat
put ) P
hel ped t o conver ge al l of t hese t echnol ogi es f or t he
cr eat i on of t he I nt er net was t he N SFnet , a net w k
or
cr eat ed by t he N i onal Sci ence Foundat i on i n or der t o
at
i nt er connect ot her net w ks.
or

8. What made ​possi bl e t he advent of t he I nt er net i n
Br azi l w as anot her pr edecessor of t he net w k: BI TN
or ET, a
net w k of uni ver si t i es f ounded i n 1981 and l i nki ng t he
or
C t y U ver si t y of N Yor k (C N t o Yal e U ver si t y i n
i ni ew U Y) ni
Connect i cut .
On Brazilian soil, the Bitnet connected the Foundation
for Research Support of São Paul o (FAPESP) t o t he Fer m l abi
physi cs l abor at or y speci al i zi ng i n t he st udy of at om c
i
par t i cl es, w ch w i n I l l i noi s, U
hi as SA.
FER I LAB
M

9. I n 1990 he w as cr eat ed a N i onal R
at esear ch
N w k (R P), t he M ni st r y of
et or N i Sci ence and
Technol ogy, i n or der t o depl oy an i nf r ast r uct ur e
w t h nat i onal cover age f or i nt er net ser vi ces. And
i
si nce t he i nt er net i s popul ar i zava bet w een t he
academ c com uni t y of t he U t ed St at es, Fer m l ab
i m ni i
al so deci ded t o adopt t he new t echnol ogy. H ever , ow
w t hout abandoni ng t he use of BI TN
i ET. Ther ef or e,
over t i m t he connect i on bet w
e een FAPESP and
Fer m l ab t ur ned out t he onl y exi t r out e dat a f r om
i
Br azi l t o t he w l d and t he m n connect i on t o t he
or ai
i nt er net t upi ni qui m i n ear l y 1991. The Foundat i on
w al so r esponsi bl e f or adm ni st er i ng t he dom ni o.
as i i
"Br " and t he di st r i but i on of I Ps t o Br azi l .

10. Anot her novel t y w i n t he nat i onal net w k
as or
expansi on w t hi n t he count r y. A new connect i on
i
i nt er connect ed FAPESP N i onal
at Labor at or y for
Scientific Computing (LNCC), in Rio de Janeiro. Later,
Internet connections were also extended to other institutions
in São Paul o, R o de Janei r o, R o G ande do Sul and
i i r
M nas G ai s. These connect i ons w e usi ng pr i vat e
i er er
l i nes t hat oper at ed i n t he r ange 2400 t o 9600
bi t s per second (bps).
The connect i on i t sel f bet w een FAPESP and
oper at ed at Fer m l ab Sept em
i ber 4800 bps t o 1990,
w hen i t cam t o t r avel on dat a at 9600 bps. Thi s
e
val ue i s much l ow t han w have t oday i n our hom
er e es,
w t h connect i ons up t o 10 m
i egabi t s per second (Mbps),
f or exam e. Today, t he cur r ent connect i on f r om
pl
FAPESP oper at es i n t he r ange of 10 G gabi t s per
i
second (G bps).

11. I n 1992 t he R P had al r eady i m em ed a
N pl ent
nat i onw de net w k, connect i ng 11 st at e capi t al s
i or
t hr ough a m esh of 9600 bps. Si nce t he connect i ons
bet w een Br asi l i a, R o de Janei r o, Sao Paul o and
i
Por t o Al egr e had l i nks t o 64,000 bps.
Anot her novel t y i n t he sam year w
e as t he
em gence of or gani zat i ons t hat l ook and act
er
l ocal l y, st at ew de. The R ver N w k, f or exam e,
i i et or pl
connect ed school s i n R o de Janei r o usi ng l i nks of
i
64,000 bps. Lat er t he i nst i t ut i on w as cal l ed t he
C i f or ni a
al Educat i on and Resear ch Feder at i on
N w k) at t he C put er C er of San D ego, U t ed
et or om ent i ni
St at es.
In São Paulo emerged Academic Network at
São Paulo (ANSP), which has linked the University of
São Paul o (U SP), St at e U ver si t y of C pi nas
ni am
(U I C P), U ver si dade Est adual Paul i st a (U ESP),
N AM ni N
and I PT, I nst i t ut e of Technol ogi cal Resear ch St at e
of Sao Paul o.

12. D i ng t hi s per i od t he connect i on l i nki ng t he
ur
Fer m l ab FAPESP al so w an upgr ade, f r om t r avel on t he
i on
dat a at 64 ki l obi t s per second (Kbps, 64000 bps). I n
addi t i on, st at e net w ks have al so em ged i n M nas
or er i
G ai s, Per nam
er buco, R o G ande do Sul and t he Feder al
i r
D st r i ct .
i
The i nt er net st ar t s get t i ng even m e
or
i nt er est i ng w t h t he em gence of t he W l d W de W
i er or i eb
(W W i n 1990. The per son r esponsi bl e f or w i t i ng t he
W) r
H TTP pr ot ocol t hat enabl es t he t r ansf er of w pages t o
eb
br ow s,
ser was Ti m hy
ot Ber ner s-Lee, who r ecent l y
par t i ci pat ed as a speaker at C pus Par t y Br azi l .
am

13. I n 1993 r esear cher s at t he U ver si t y of
ni
I l l i noi s U bana-C pai gn cr eat ed M
r ham osai c, t he f i r st
br ow ser t o w k on W ndow
or i s, w ch al so f avor ed a
hi
gr eat er popul ar i t y of t he web.
I n 1994, t he I nt er net f i nal l y l eaves t he
academ c ni che and begi ns t o be m ket ed t o t he
i ar
gener al publ i c. I n Br azi l , Em at el l aunches I nt er net
br
Ser vi ce C m ci al ,
om er exper i m al l y
ent and w th
i
i nt er nat i onal connect i on of 256 Kbps. Fi ve t housand
user s w e chosen t o t est t he ser vi ce.
er

14. In M ay 1995 t he ser vi ce began t o
oper at e i n a def i ni t i ve way and t o avoi d t he
st at e m onopol y of I nt er net i n Br azi l , t he
M ni st r y of C m cat i ons has m
i om uni ade publ i c i t s
posi t i on i n f avor of com er ci al expl oi t at i on of
m
t he gl obal net w k i n t he count r y.
or
The i nt er net has becom t he cover of
e
m agazi nes and even t he subj ect of t he novel , i s
i ncr easi ngl y popul ar , gr ow ng so am ng. I n
i azi
1996 w as l aunched m or por t al s and I SPs
aj
connect i on t o t he net w k i n Br azi l and i n
or
1998, t he count r y al r eady occupi ed t he 19t h
pl ace i n num ber of host s i n t he w l d and l ed
or
t he podi um i n Sout h Am i ca i n t he Am i can
er er
.S.
cont i nent w second onl y t o t he St at es U and
as
C anada.

15. Consol i dat ed was t he use of I nt er net i n Br azi l .
N l y t en year s l at er , i n 2007, Br azi l m
ear oved about 114
bi l l i on dol l ar s i n com er ce and had a base of 40 m l l i on
m i
com er s i n t he count r y. Accor di ng t o I bope / N R i ngs,
put et at
w had about 18 m l l i on r esi dent i al I nt er net user s.
e i
Accor di ng t o Ibope NetRatings, we are now 79.9
million Internet users tupiniquins, Brazil is the 5th most wired
country. According to Fecomércio-R psos, t he per cent age of
J/I
Brazilians connected to the Internet increased from 27% to 48%
between 2007 and 2011. The main site access is the Internet
café (31%), f ol l ow ed by hom (27%) and t he hom of
e e
r el at i ves of f r i ends, w t h 25% (Apr i l 2010). Br azi l i s
i
t he 5t h count r y w t h t he l ar gest num
i ber of I nt er net
connect i ons.