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1. 1
Internet Connection
Option
Week 03

2. 2
INTERNET
A global computer network providing a variety of
information and communication facilities,
consisting of interconnected networks using
standardized communication protocols.
COMPANIES that provides internet access called
Internet Access Providers (IAP) or
Internet Service providers (ISP)

3. 3
Connectivity Overview
ISPs offer several ways to connect the internet.
The most common internet connection are;
• Voice-Grade telephone lines
• Broadband Connections
• Leased Line Connections
• Wireless Connections

4. Connectivity Overview
• ONE OF THE MAJOR DISTINGUISH
FACTORS BETWEEN VARIOUS ISPs AND
THEIR CONNECTION OPTION IS THE
BANNDWIDTH
• BANDWIDTH is the amount of data that
can travel through a communication
medium per unit of time.
• BANNDWIDTH can differ from data traveling
to or from the ISP depending on the USERS
CONNECTION TYPES.

5. Connectivity Overview
Two types of BANDWIDTH
• UPSTREAM or UPLOAD BANDWIDTH
Measure amount of information from the user to
the Internet.
• DOWNSTREAM or DOWNLOAD BANDWIDTH
Measure amount of information from the Internet
to the User.

6. USERS CONNECTION TYPES.
• Symmetric Connection
• Asymmetric Connection

7. USERS CONNECTION TYPES
• Symmetric Connection;
Symmetric (also symmetrical) refers to any system
in which data speed or quantity is the same in
both directions, averaged over time.
Examples include two-way radio, standard
twisted-pair telephone Internet
connections, cable modem Internet connections
in which the cable is used for transmission as
well as for reception, and full-motion
videoconferencing.

8. USERS CONNECTION TYPES
• Asymmetric Connection;
In telecommunications, the term asymmetric (also
asymmetrical or non-symmetrical) refers to any
system in which the data speed or quantity
differs in one direction as compared with the
other direction, averaged over time.
• Example of asymmetric communications, see
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ADCL or
DSL.

9. Connectivity Overview
• Voice-Grade telephone Connections;
The most common way for an individual to connect to an
ISP is through a MODEM CONNECTED TO YOUR
LOCAL TELEPHONBE SERVICE PROVIDER. Plain
old telephone service (POTS) is the voice-grade
telephone service that is based on analog signal
transmission). Plain old telephone service (POTS)
is the voice-grade telephone service that is based on
analog signal transmission,
• SPEED between 28 and 56 kbps.
• Some organization provide Digital Subscriber Line
(DSL), speed is 123 and 256 kbps

10. Connectivity Overview
Broadband Connections;
• Connection that operate at speed greater then
about 200 kbps is called broad band services.
• The term broadband commonly refers to high-speed
Internet access that is always on and
faster than the traditional dial-up access.
Broadband includes several high-speed
transmission technologies such as:
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Cable Modem

11. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
DSL is a wireline transmission technology that transmits data faster
over traditional copper telephone lines already installed to homes
and businesses. DSL-based broadband provides transmission
speeds ranging from several hundred Kbps to millions of bits per
second (Mbps).
Faster forms of DSL typically available to businesses include:
• High data rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL); and
• Very High data rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL).
The following are types of DSL transmission technologies ;
• Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
• Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)

12. Cable modem service enables cable operators to provide broadband
using the same coaxial cables that deliver pictures and sound to
your TV set.
• Most cable modems are external devices that have two
connections: one to the cable wall outlet, the other to a computer.
They provide transmission speeds of 1.5 Mbps or more.
• Subscribers can access their cable modem service by simply
turning on their computers, without dialing-up an ISP. You can still
watch cable TV while using it. Transmission speeds vary depending
on the type of cable modem, cable network, and traffic load.
Speeds are comparable to DSL.
• Voice Grade Lines for rural customers and less costly
• Data grade lines made more carefully and of higher grade
copper then voice grade lines

13. Leased Line Connections
• Large firm with large amount of internet traffic can
connect to ISP using higher bandwidth connections that
they can lease from telecommunications carriers.
• The connection technologies they use were originally
developed to carry large numbers of telephone calls.
• A telephone line designed to carry digital signal is called
DS0 (DIGITAL SIGNAL ZERO) has BANDWIDTH IS 56
KBPS.
• T1 or DS1 carrying 24 DS0 lines and operates 1.544
mbps.
• Fractional T1 speed is 128 kbps or upward.
• T3 or DS3 having 30 T1 lines or 760 DSO lines and
speed is 44.736 mbps
• NAPs in large organization used T1 and T3 lines.

14. Wireless Connections
• Many people in modrenages and in rural areas,
satellite microwave transmissions have made
connections to the internet possible for the first
time. Dish antenna is the first example.
• Bluetooth and ultra wideband (UWB)
• Wireless Ethernet (Wi-Fi)
• Fixed Point Wireless